КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ОСТРЫХ РЕСПИРАТОРНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У МЛАДЕНЦЕВ РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТА В Г. АЛМАТЫ, КАЗАХСТАН

Acute respiratory infections and diarrheas are the main cause of hospitalization. We do not have a routine practice of etiological verification of respiratory viruses, the diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and instrumental investigations. We do not perform identification of respiratory syntycial virus (RSV), however there are effective methods of specific prophylactic and treatment with monoclonal antibodies available worldwide. Another point is wide application of antibiotics without clear indications on bacterial infection, especially if a patient is hospitalized. We analyzed clinical data of children aged 0—3 months with acute respiratory viral infections and found a big number of patients with bronchoobstruction associated with bronchiolitits which in fact points on possible involvement of RSV. Острые респираторные инфекции, наряду с диареями, являются ведущей причиной госпитализации детей младшего возраста. В нашей практике не проводится рутинная расшифровка вирусных возбудителей ОРЗ, а диагноз устанавливается на основе клинико-эпидемиологических данных. Не тестируется респираторно-синцитиальный вирус (РСВ), хотя в других странах применяют специфические моноклональные антитела для профилактики и лечения детей с тяжелыми формами этой инфекции. Другим важным аспектом является практически повсеместное назначение антибиотиков при ОРЗ, особенно если ребенок находится в стационаре, при отсутствии четких признаков бактериальной инфекции. Мы проанализировали клинческие данные детей в возрасте 0—3 месяцев жизни, поступивших в инфекционный стацинар в зимнее время, и выявили высокую частоту бронхообструктивного синтдрома, который, по нашему мнению, отражает заболевемость бронхиеолитом на фоне ОРВИ и указывает на возможную роль РСВ.

Dihydromyricetin supplementation improves ethanol-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation

IntroductionExcessive alcohol consumption leads to a myriad of detrimental health effects, including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Unfortunately, no available treatments exist to combat the progression of ALD beyond corticosteroid administration and/or liver transplants. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a bioactive polyphenol and flavonoid that has traditionally been used in Chinese herbal medicine for its robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is derived from many plants, including Hovenia dulcis and is found as the active ingredient in a variety of popular hangover remedies. Investigations utilizing DHM have demonstrated its ability to alleviate ethanol-induced disruptions in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, while demonstrating hepatoprotective activity.MethodsFemale c57BL/6J mice (n = 12/group) were treated using the Lieber DeCarli forced-drinking and ethanol (EtOH) containing liquid diet, for 5 weeks. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: (1) No-EtOH, (2) EtOH [5% (v/v)], and (3) EtOH [5% (v/v)] + DHM (6 mg/mL). Mice were exposed to ethanol for 2 weeks to ensure the development of ALD pathology prior to receiving dihydromyricetin supplementation. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA along with Bonferroni multiple comparison tests, where p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsDihydromyricetin administration significantly improved aminotransferase levels (AST/ALT) and reduced levels of circulating lipids including LDL/VLDL, total cholesterol (free cholesterol), and triglycerides. DHM demonstrated enhanced lipid clearance by way of increased lipophagy activity, shown as the increased interaction and colocalization of p62/SQSTM-1, LC3B, and PLIN-1 proteins. DHM-fed mice had increased hepatocyte-to-hepatocyte lipid droplet (LD) heterogeneity, suggesting increased neutralization and sequestration of free lipids into LDs. DHM administration significantly reduced prominent pro-inflammatory cytokines commonly associated with ALD pathology such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17.DiscussionDihydromyricetin is commercially available as a dietary supplement. The results of this proof-of-concept study demonstrate its potential utility and functionality as a cost-effective and safe candidate to combat inflammation and the progression of ALD pathology

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN INFANTS IN ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN

Acute respiratory infections and diarrheas are the main cause of hospitalization. We do not have a routine practice of etiological verification of respiratory viruses, the diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and instrumental investigations. We do not perform identification of respiratory syntycial virus (RSV), however there are effective methods of specific prophylactic and treatment with monoclonal antibodies available worldwide. Another point is wide application of antibiotics without clear indications on bacterial infection, especially if a patient is hospitalized. We analyzed clinical data of children aged 0—3 months with acute respiratory viral infections and found a big number of patients with bronchoobstruction associated with bronchiolitits which in fact points on possible involvement of RSV

КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ОСТРЫХ РЕСПИРАТОРНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У МЛАДЕНЦЕВ РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТА В Г. АЛМАТЫ, КАЗАХСТАН

Acute respiratory infections and diarrheas are the main cause of hospitalization. We do not have a routine practice of etiological verification of respiratory viruses, the diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and instrumental investigations. We do not perform identification of respiratory syntycial virus (RSV), however there are effective methods of specific prophylactic and treatment with monoclonal antibodies available worldwide. Another point is wide application of antibiotics without clear indications on bacterial infection, especially if a patient is hospitalized. We analyzed clinical data of children aged 0—3 months with acute respiratory viral infections and found a big number of patients with bronchoobstruction associated with bronchiolitits which in fact points on possible involvement of RSV. Острые респираторные инфекции, наряду с диареями, являются ведущей причиной госпитализации детей младшего возраста. В нашей практике не проводится рутинная расшифровка вирусных возбудителей ОРЗ, а диагноз устанавливается на основе клинико-эпидемиологических данных. Не тестируется респираторно-синцитиальный вирус (РСВ), хотя в других странах применяют специфические моноклональные антитела для профилактики и лечения детей с тяжелыми формами этой инфекции. Другим важным аспектом является практически повсеместное назначение антибиотиков при ОРЗ, особенно если ребенок находится в стационаре, при отсутствии четких признаков бактериальной инфекции. Мы проанализировали клинческие данные детей в возрасте 0—3 месяцев жизни, поступивших в инфекционный стацинар в зимнее время, и выявили высокую частоту бронхообструктивного синтдрома, который, по нашему мнению, отражает заболевемость бронхиеолитом на фоне ОРВИ и указывает на возможную роль РСВ. </p

Mechanism for activation of the growth factor-activated AGC kinases by turn motif phosphorylation

The growth factor/insulin-stimulated AGC kinases share an activation mechanism based on three phosphorylation sites. Of these, only the role of the activation loop phosphate in the kinase domain and the hydrophobic motif (HM) phosphate in a C-terminal tail region are well characterized. We investigated the role of the third, so-called turn motif phosphate, also located in the tail, in the AGC kinases PKB, S6K, RSK, MSK, PRK and PKC. We report cooperative action of the HM phosphate and the turn motif phosphate, because it binds a phosphoSer/Thr-binding site above the glycine-rich loop within the kinase domain, promoting zipper-like association of the tail with the kinase domain, serving to stabilize the HM in its kinase-activating binding site. We present a molecular model for allosteric activation of AGC kinases by the turn motif phosphate via HM-mediated stabilization of the αC helix. In S6K and MSK, the turn motif phosphate thereby also protects the HM from dephosphorylation. Our results suggest that the mechanism described is a key feature in activation of upto 26 human AGC kinases