Discovery of a flux-related change of the cyclotron line energy in Her X-1

We present the results of ten years of repeated measurements of the Cyclotron Resonance Scattering Feature (CRSF) in the spectrum of the binary X-ray pulsar Her X-1 and report the discovery of a positive correlation of the centroid energy of this absorption feature in pulse phase averaged spectra with source luminosity.Our results are based on a uniform analysis of observations bythe RXTE satellite from 1996 to 2005, using sufficiently long observations of 12 individual 35-day Main-On states of the source. The mean centroid energy E_c of the CRSF in pulse phase averaged spectra of Her X-1 during this time is around 40 keV, with significant variations from one Main-On state to the next. We find that the centroid energy of the CRSF in Her X-1 changes by ~5% in energy for a factor of 2 in luminosity. The correlation is positive, contrary to what is observed in some high luminosity transient pulsars. Our finding is the first significant measurement of a positive correlation between E_c and luminosity in any X-ray pulsar. We suggest that this behaviour is expected in the case of sub-Eddington accretion and present a calculation of a quantitative estimate, which is very consistent with the effect observed in Her X-1.We urge that Her X-1 is regularly monitored further and that other X-ray pulsars are investigated for a similar behaviour.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted by A&A Letter

Theoretical issues of language contacts, borrowings and interference

The article is devoted to the theoretical problem of language contacts in modern linguistics. The problem of the relationship between language and consciousness has been comprehensively discussed: various studies of the language picture of the world are carried out by the speakers of a particular language, associative dictionaries of different languages are created, this gives rich material for studying the real perception within a particular cultur

Intrinsic electric polarization in spin-orbit coupled semiconductor heterostructures

We present Maxwell equations with source terms for the electromagnetic field interacting with a moving electron in a spin-orbit coupled semiconductor heterostructure. We start with the eight--band ${\bm k}{\bm p}$ model and derive the electric and magnetic polarization vectors using the Gordon--like decomposition method. Next, we present the ${\bm k}{\bm p}$ effective Lagrangian for the nonparabolic conduction band electrons interacting with electromagnetic field in semiconductor heterostructures with abrupt interfaces. This Lagrangian gives rise to the Maxwell equations with source terms and boundary conditions at heterointerfaces as well as equations for the electron envelope wave function in the external electromagnetic field together with appropriate boundary conditions. As an example, we consider spin--orbit effects caused by the structure inversion asymmetry for the conduction electron states. We compute the intrinsic contribution to the electric polarization of the steady state electron gas in asymmetric quantum well in equilibrium and in the spin Hall regime. We argue that this contribution, as well as the intrinsic spin Hall current, are not cancelled by the elastic scattering processes.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Статистические характеристики управляемых систем, возникающие в различных моделях естествознания

We continue the study of extending the concept of invariance sets relative to control systems and differential inclusions. This expansion consists in studying statistically invariant sets and statistical characteristics of the attainability set of control systems. In this work, we obtain conditions for the statistical invariance and investigate the properties of the statistical characteristics of control systems with periodic coefficients. It is shown that the property of statistical invariancy is closely connected with the property of admissibility of periodic processes for linear control systems. The admissibility means that for any periodic control from the fixed set there exists a unique periodic solution which is in the given set of the phase space. The results of the work can be applied while finding the statistical characteristics arising in various models of biology, chemistry, economy.Продолжено исследование расширения понятия инвариантности множеств относительно управляемых систем и дифференциальных включений. Это расширение состоит в изучении статистически инвариантных множеств и статистических характеристик множества достижимости управляемых систем. В данной работе получены условия статистической инвариантности и исследованы свойства статистических характеристик для управляемых систем с периодическими коэффициентами. Показано, что свойство статистической инвариантности тесно связано со свойством допустимости периодических процессов для линейных управляемых систем. Допустимость означает, что любому периодическому управлению из фиксированного множества отвечает единственное периодическое решение, находящееся в заранее заданной области фазового пространства. Результаты работы могут найти применение при нахождении статистических характеристик, возникающих в различных моделях биологии, химии, экономики

Least action principle for envelope functions in abrupt heterostructures

We apply the envelope function approach to abrupt heterostructures starting with the least action principle for the microscopic wave function. The interface is treated nonperturbatively, and our approach is applicable to mismatched heterostructure. We obtain the interface connection rules for the multiband envelope function and the short-range interface terms which consist of two physically distinct contributions. The first one depends only on the structure of the interface, and the second one is completely determined by the bulk parameters. We discover new structure inversion asymmetry terms and new magnetic energy terms important in spintronic applications.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Analysis of Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Acetylsalicylic Acid for Prediction of Potential Nephrotoxic Effects

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including acetylsalicylic acid, can have a dose-dependent nephrotoxic effect. The study of the pharmacokinetics of acetylsalicylic acid products will contribute to timely detection and correction of side effects caused by this medicinal product.The aim of the study was to evaluate potential nephrotoxic effects following a single oral administration of 75 mg of acetylsalicylic acid, based on the analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters.Materials and methods: the study involved 24 healthy volunteers who received 75 mg of acetylsalicylic acid (tablets) once orally. The measurement of the active metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid—salicylic acid—in blood plasma was performed by HPLC/MS using an Agilent 1200 liquid chromatography system coupled to an Agilent 6140 tandem mass spectrometer. Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm; 5.0 μm) was used for chromatographic separation. The test procedure used in the study was validated. The results obtained were used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters: Cmax (maximum concentration), Tmax (time to maximum concentration), T1/2 (half-life of the drug), AUC0-t (area under the pharmacokinetic curve from 0 to the last time point of the curve), AUC0-∞ (total area under the pharmacokinetic curve from 0 to ∞), MRT (mean residence time of the drug in the blood), Kel (elimination rate constant), Cl/F (total clearance), Vd/F (apparent volume of distribution). The Statistics (22.0.0.0) software was used for statistical processing of the results.Results: T1/2 of salicylic acid in blood plasma was determined to be 1.6 ± 0.5 h, Cmax was 4523.0 ± 725.0 ng/mL, and Tmax was 0.98 ± 0.4 h. AUC0–t was equal to 16183.0 ± 3823.0 ng×h/m, Vd/F was 12.0 ± 3.1 L/kg, and MRT was 2.9 ± 0.6 h.Conclusions: the analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated a high absorption rate, intensive distribution, and moderate elimination rate of salicylic acid (the main metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid), indicating a low risk of nephrotoxic effects associated with the studied dose of the drug

Spin dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals

Time-resolved Faraday rotation is used to study both transverse and longitudinal spin relaxation in chemically-synthesized CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) 22-80 Angstroms in diameter. The precession of optically-injected spins in a transverse magnetic field occurs at distinct frequencies whose assignment to electron and exciton spins is developed through systematic studies of the size-dependence and theoretical calculations. It is shown that the transverse spin lifetime is limited by inhomogeneous dephasing to a degree that cannot be accounted for by the NC size distribution alone. Longitudinal spin relaxation in these NCs occurs on several distinct timescales ranging from 100 ps-10 microseconds and exhibits markedly different dependencies on temperature and field in comparison to transverse spin relaxation.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures, tabl

Optical alignment and orientation of excitons in ensemble of core/shell CdSe/CdS colloidal nanoplatelets

We report on the experimental and theoretical studies of optical alignment and optical orientation effects in an ensemble of core/shell CdSe/CdS colloidal nanoplatelets. The dependences of three Stokes parameters on the magnetic field applied in the Faraday geometry are measured under continuous wave resonant excitation of the exciton photoluminescence. Theoretical model is developed to take into account both bright and dark exciton states in the case of strong electron and hole exchange interaction and random in-plane orientation of the nanoplatelets in ensemble. The data analysis allows us to estimate the time and energy parameters of the bright and dark excitons. The optical alignment effect enables identification of the exciton and trion contributions to the photoluminescence spectrum even in the absence of a clear spectral line resolution.Comment: main paper (17 pages) and SI (6 pages

Современное состояние рынка ветеринарных лекарственных препаратов Тюменской области

Objective: to assess the current state of the veterinary medical product market in the Tyumen Region.Material and methods. The objects of the study included data from the State Register of Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use for 2019–2022; veterinary pharmacy organizations and veterinary clinics in the Tyumen Region (33); price lists of veterinary pharmaceutical organizations; questionnaires of veterinary specialists (69) and consumers of medicinal products for veterinary use (93).Results. An analysis of the Register of Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use registered in the Russian Federation revealed a positive trend in the registration of new positions: with 2190 registered drugs about 300 more positions are registered annually. It was determined that the ratio of veterinary drugs of various pharmacotherapeutic groups is critically uneven (31.05% – antibacterial agents; 28% – immunobiological drugs; 0.46% – cardiovascular drugs; 0.14% – antitumor drugs). The study of the wholesale segment of the veterinary drugs market on the territory of the Tyumen Region showed that the range of wholesale trade organizations in veterinary drugs mainly consists of products for animals (at the largest one veterinary drugs account for only 16%). As a result, low indicators of the assortment are observed (breadth and completeness coefficients for pharmacotherapeutic groups), and there are problems with the availability of veterinary drugs. The analysis of the assortment of veterinary pharmaceutical organizations and clinics (retail segment of the market) revealed low breadth coefficients for medicinal products for veterinary use (median 0.09). A sociological survey showed a low level of awareness of all veterinary drugs consumer groups about the scope of their circulation.Conclusion. The study of the current state of the veterinary medicinal product market in the Tyumen Region identified the problems of their availability both in the wholesale and retail segments, which need to be addressed with the help of state regulation (including the introduction of a minimum range of drugs for veterinary use) and normalization of the assortment policy at the level of veterinary pharmacies and clinics. Because of the lack of registration for some drugs necessary for the treatment of animals, veterinarians are forced to put into practice drugs for medical use, deliberately violating the law. Given the experience of many foreign countries, we consider it expedient to allow the use (in special cases) of medical drugs in veterinary medicine. This will solve the problem of pharmacotherapy availability and allow veterinarians to provide better care to animals.Цель: оценить современное состояние рынка ветеринарных лекарственных препаратов (ВЛП) на примере Тюменской обл.Материал и методы. Объектами исследования стали: данные из Государственного реестра лекарственных средств для ветеринарного применения за 2019–2022 гг., ветеринарные аптечные организации (ВАО) и ветеринарные клиники Тюменской обл. (33), прайс-листы ВАО, анкеты ветеринарных специалистов (69) и владельцев домашних животных (93).Результаты. Анализ реестра зарегистрированных на территории Российской Федерации лекарственных препаратов (ЛП) для ветеринарного применения выявил положительную динамику в регистрации новых позиций: при общем количестве зарегистрированных ЛП 2190 ежегодно регистрируется еще около 300 позиций. Определено, что соотношение ВЛП различных фармакотерапевтических групп критически неравномерно (31,05% –антибактериальные средства, 28% – иммунобиологические, 0,46% – сердечно-сосудистые, 0,14% – противоопухолевые). Изучение оптового сегмента рынка ВЛП на территории Тюменской обл. показало, что ассортимент организаций оптовой торговли ВЛП преимущественно состоит из товаров для животных (в крупнейшей из них ВЛП составляют лишь 16%). В связи с этим наблюдаются низкие показатели ассортимента (коэффициенты широты, полноты по фармакотерапевтическим группам) и проблемы с доступностью ВЛП. В ходе анализа ассортимента ВАО и клиник (розничный сегмент рынка) выявлены низкие коэффициенты широты в отношении ЛП для ветеринарного применения (медиана 0,09). В результате социологического опроса определен низкий уровень информированности всех групп потребителей ВЛП о сфере их обращения.Заключение. В ходе оценки современного состояния рынка ВЛП в Тюменской обл. выявлены проблемы их доступности как в оптовом, так и в розничном сегментах, которые необходимо решать с помощью государственного регулирования (в т.ч. внедрения минимального ассортимента ЛП для ветеринарного применения) и нормализации ассортиментной политики на уровне ветеринарных аптек и клиник. В связи с отсутствием соответствующей регистрации у некоторых необходимых в лечении животных ЛП ветеринарные врачи вынуждены использовать на практике ЛП для медицинского применения, сознательно нарушая закон. Учитывая опыт многих зарубежных стран, считаем целесообразным допустить применение (в особых случаях) медицинских ЛП в ветеринарии. Это решит проблему доступности лекарственного лечения и позволит ветеринарным специалистам оказывать более качественную помощь животным

Linguistic foundations of heritage language development from the perspective of romance languages in Germany

This paper discusses the role of different factors determining the linguistic competence of heritage speakers (HSs) based on examples from speakers who speak a Romance language (French, Italian, Portuguese, or Spanish) as heritage language (HL) and German as the environmental language. Since the relative amount of contact with the HL and the environmental language may vary during the acquisition process, the role of language dominance (in terms of relative language proficiency) is of particular interest for HL development. In addition to dominance (and related to it), cross-linguistic influence (CLI) may have an influence on the outcome of HL acquisition. Finally, quality and quantity of input also determine HL acquisition and will be discussed in connection with heritage language education.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio