Investigating the Information Systems Heterarchy

This article assesses how one IS organization is changing in response to the increased globalization of software development and posits the emergence of a new form of multi-national enterprise (MNE)—the heterarchy. Data from two projects create new insights into the structures and behaviors of ISMNEs as they adapt to global systems development. The article identifies four primary dimensions of impact—cultural, economic, operational, and organizational—and suggests how such organizations are evolvin

Relative Health Effects of Education, Socioeconomic Status and Domestic Gender Inequity in Sweden: A Cohort Study

Introduction: Limited existing research on gender inequities suggests that for men workplace atmosphere shapes wellbeing while women are less susceptible to socioeconomic or work status but vulnerable to home inequities. Methods: Using the 2007 Northern Swedish Cohort (n = 773) we identified relative contributions of perceived gender inequities in relationships, financial strain, and education to self-reported health to determine whether controlling for sex, examining interactions between sex and other social variables, or sex-disaggregating data yielded most information about sex differences. Results and Discussion: Men had lower education but also less financial strain, and experienced less gender inequity. Overall, low education and financial strain detracted from health. However, sex-disaggregated data showed this to be true for women, whereas for men only gender inequity at home affected health. In the relatively egalitarian Swedish environment where women more readily enter all work arenas and men often provide parenting, traditional primacy of the home environment (for women) and the work environment (for men) in shaping health is reversing such that perceived domestic gender inequity has a significant health impact on men, while for women only education and financial strain are contributory. These outcomes were identified only when data were sex-disaggregated

Inter-organizational knowledge transfer:current issues and future prospects

Many papers have been published recently in the fields of strategy and international business research incorporating the role of organizational knowledge as a basis of firm competitive advantage. While such knowledge is normally developed within the firm, it is important that firms possess the ability to learn from others in order to meet the increasing pace of competition. Knowledge transfer, defined here as an event through which one organization learns from the experience of another, has thus become an important research area within the broader domain of organizational learning and knowledge management. This paper presents a theoretical framework, identifies key themes covered by the six articles included in the Special Issue on Inter-Organizational Knowledge Transfer, and then discusses priorities for future research

First record of Centris hyptidis Ducke, 1908 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini) in State of Maranhão, Brazil

The unprecedented record of the species Centris (Paracentris) hyptidis Ducke, 1908 in the State of Maranhão, Brazil, is documented. A single female was collected during a visit on a Chamaecrista ramosa (Vogel) (Fabaceae) flower on an island in the America’s Delta, Maranhão (-2.715922, -42.200054), which is deposited in the Bee Collection of the Federal University of Maranhão. Such appointment contributes to the knowledge of the faunal composition of bees in the State of Maranhão, as well as the distribution of the species C. hyptidis in Brazilian territory.</jats:p

Stability of (Mg0.5Fe0.5)O and (Mg0.8Fe0.2)O magnesiowustites in the lower mantle

We have heated magnesiowtistites (Mg0.5Fe0.5)O and (Mg0.8Fe0.2)O to temperatures of over 1000 K at pressures of over 80 GPa simulating the stability of the solid solution at physical conditions relevant to the Earth's lower mantle. The X-ray study of the</p

Gender inequity needs to be regarded as a social determinant of depressive symptoms: Results from the Northern Swedish cohort

Background: The importance of social and avoidable determinants of depressive symptoms has been increasingly recognized in public health research. However, when it comes to determinant of gender differences in depressive symptoms the focus is predominantly on biological unavoidable determinants. Thus, there is a need for more focus on gendered social determinants of health. The aim of this study was to analyse the importance of gender relations for depressive symptoms after taking socioeconomic factors and earlier depressive symptoms into account in the Northern Swedish cohort. Methods: A 26-year follow-up study of a cohort of all school leavers in a middle-sized industrial town in Northern Sweden was performed from age 16 until age 42. Of those still alive of the original cohort, 94% participated during the whole period and answered extensive questionnaires. Exposure was measured as socioeconomic status, financial strain, perceived gender inequity in the couple relationship and division of responsibility for domestic work. The outcome was depressive symptoms at age 42, while depressive symptoms were controlled at age 30. Results: In multivariate logistic regression analyses significant relations between financial strain and, among women only, also perceived gender equity in the couple relationship and depressive symptoms after adjustment for earlier health status, as well as for all other exposure measures. Conclusions: Financial strain, and among women, also gender inequity in the couple relationship was related to depressive mood. There is a need to pay more attention to gender relations in future research on social determinants of depressive mood.</p

Chemical interaction of Fe and Al2O3 as a source of heterogeneity at the Earth's core-mantle boundary

Seismological studies have revealed that a complex texture or heterogeneity exists in the Earth's inner core and at the boundary between core and mantle(1-4). These studies highlight the importance of understanding the properties of iron when modelling th</p

Entrepreneurship through relationships - navigating from creativity to commercialisation

This paper explores the role of relationships in the emergence of a network's value creation structure. The strategic navigation from creative exploration to global exploitation through the use of so-called transformation networks is particularly highlighted. The creativity phase requires a creator with visionary leadership. The commercialisation phase, on the other hand, requires technology integration and global marketing excellence. Realising that this requires more than a bright inventor, the creator of Anoto brought in the right complementary assets at distinct phases of the commercialisation process. Our case illustrates how integrator and marketeer profiles were brought into a networked act of entrepreneurship for joint navigation across an ocean of relationships that gave birth to a global standard for digital writing. By combining theories on open innovation and networking, a theoretical framework is developed to analyse the different nature of the networks (or the value creation structure) in which complementary assets can be accessed, transferred and transformed into commercialised innovation. The analysis suggests that the value of complementary assets are embedded in and unlocked by three distinct types of networks: creativity networks, transformation networks and process networks. It also suggests that the ideal approach to accessing complementary assets shifts over the research and development management process, and happens through these three different types and levels of networks, requiring fundamentally different approaches to leadership and relationship management. Current literature describes open and networked innovation as a continuous - not dynamic - process of exploration and exploitation without any distinction of how types and structures of networks evolve and interact in the process

Expression Profile of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-&alpha; in Breast Tumors

Chronic inflammation is associated with several neoplasms. Many studies tried to evaluate the correlation between cytokines and the pathogenesis of various cancer types and IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-&alpha; are often target of these analyses. The aim of the present study was to analyze cytokines mRNA expression in breast cancer samples to better understand pathogenesis and clinical aspects. Patients were selected from the oncology service of Centro Universit&aacute;rio FMABC; tumor RNA was obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies of breast cancer tissue. Gene expression was assessed by qPCR. Samples from 95 patients were obtained, presenting tumor stages varying from 0 to IIIB, with most of them in stage IIIA (33.68%). IL-2 and TNF-&alpha; expression presented a significant correlation with tumor stage. There was no correlation of cytokines expression with Ki-67 and prognostic factors. The study illustrated the pleiotropic role of IL-2, with no expression in early stages of cancer, varying according to &ldquo;stage worsening&rdquo;. Regarding progesterone receptor (PR), correlation with TNF-&alpha; and IL-2 can reinforce the role of PR as an indicator of positive prognosis. The findings of this investigation suggest IL-2 and TNF-&alpha; could be evaluated in a larger study to better understanding pathogenesis and prognosis for this patient profile