FASER: ForwArd Search ExpeRiment at the LHC

New physics has traditionally been expected in the high-$p_T$ region at high-energy collider experiments. If new particles are light and weakly-coupled, however, this focus may be completely misguided: light particles are typically highly concentrated within a few mrad of the beam line, allowing sensitive searches with small detectors, and even extremely weakly-coupled particles may be produced in large numbers there. We propose a new experiment, ForwArd Search ExpeRiment, or FASER, which would be placed downstream of the ATLAS or CMS interaction point (IP) in the very forward region and operated concurrently there. Two representative on-axis locations are studied: a far location, $400~\text{m}$ from the IP and just off the beam tunnel, and a near location, just $150~\text{m}$ from the IP and right behind the TAN neutral particle absorber. For each location, we examine leading neutrino- and beam-induced backgrounds. As a concrete example of light, weakly-coupled particles, we consider dark photons produced through light meson decay and proton bremsstrahlung. We find that even a relatively small and inexpensive cylindrical detector, with a radius of $\sim 10~\text{cm}$ and length of $5-10~\text{m}$, depending on the location, can discover dark photons in a large and unprobed region of parameter space with dark photon mass $m_{A'} \sim 10~\text{MeV} - 1~\text{GeV}$ and kinetic mixing parameter $\epsilon \sim 10^{-7} - 10^{-3}$. FASER will clearly also be sensitive to many other forms of new physics. We conclude with a discussion of topics for further study that will be essential for understanding FASER's feasibility, optimizing its design, and realizing its discovery potential.Comment: 35 Pages, 12 figures. Version 2, references added, minor change

Management of red rice (Oryza sativa) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) grown with sorghum with reduced rate of atrazine and mechanical methods.

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Script para análises de experimentos de competição pelo método substitutivo no "R".

Utilidade do Script; Antes de Iniciar; Executando o Script; Solução de Problemas.bitstream/item/114713/1/DOC2014124-com-Anexos.pd

From mice to humans: Developments in cancer immunoediting

Cancer immunoediting explains the dual role by which the immune system can both suppress and/or promote tumor growth. Although cancer immunoediting was first demonstrated using mouse models of cancer, strong evidence that it occurs in human cancers is now accumulating. In particular, the importance of CD8+ T cells in cancer immunoediting has been shown, and more broadly in those tumors with an adaptive immune resistance phenotype. This Review describes the characteristics of the adaptive immune resistance tumor microenvironment and discusses data obtained in mouse and human settings. The role of other immune cells and factors influencing the effector function of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells is covered. We also discuss the temporal occurrence of cancer immunoediting in metastases and whether it differs from immunoediting in the primary tumor of origin

Glyphosate translocation in herbicide tolerant plants

The objective of this study was to evaluate glyphosate translocation in glyphosate-tolerant weed species (I. nil, T. procumbens and S. latifolia) compared to glyphosate-susceptible species (B. pilosa). The evaluations of 14C-glyphosate absorption and translocation were performed at 6, 12, 36 and 72 hours after treatment (HAT) in I. nil and B. pilosa, and only at 72 HAT in the species T. procumbens and S. latifolia. The plants were collected and fractionated into application leaf, other leaves, stems, and roots. In S. latifolia, approximately 88% of the glyphosate remained in the application leaf and a small amount was translocated to roots at 72 HAT. However, 75% of the herbicide applied on T. procumbens remained in the leaf that had received the treatment, with greater glyphosate translocation to the floral bud. It was concluded that the smaller amount of glyphosate observed in S. latifolia and T. procumbens may partly account for their higher tolerance to glyphosate. However, I. nil tolerance to glyphosate may be associated with other factors such as metabolization, root exudation or compartmentalization, because a large amount of the herbicide reached the roots of this species.Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a translocação de glyphosate em plantas tolerantes (Ipomoea nil, Tridax procumbens e Spermacoce latifolia) e suscetível (Bidens pilosa) a esse herbicida. As avaliações de absorção e translocação do 14C-glyphosate em I. nil e B. pilosa foram efetuadas às 6, 12, 36 e 72 horas após a aplicação do herbicida (HAT), e em T. procumbens e S. latifolia, às 72 HAT. As plantas foram coletadas e fracionadas em: folha de aplicação, demais folhas, caules e raízes; em T. procumbens e S. latifolia, avaliou-se a presença do produto na inflorescência da planta. Em S. latifolia, aproximadamente 88% do glyphosate permaneceu na folha de aplicação, e pequena quantidade translocou para as raízes. Todavia, em T. procumbens, 75% do herbicida permaneceu na folha que recebeu a aplicação, observando-se maior translocação na inflorescência em relação às raízes. Conclui-se que a menor translocação do glyphosate observada em S. latifolia e T. procumbens pode ser um dos fatores responsáveis pela maior tolerância dessas espécies ao herbicida, ao passo que em I. nil a metabolização, a exsudação radicular ou a compartimentalização podem favorecer a tolerância, já que grande quantidade do produto atingiu as raízes da espécie

Efeito das épocas de semeadura sobre os componentes biológicos de sorgo sacarino.

A época da semeadura do sorgo sacarino define várias características biológicas que influenciam no potencial produtivo. Com isto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o efeito de épocas de semeaduras sobre os componentes biológicos de duas cultivares (CMSXS 647 e BRS 506). Os experimentos foram realizados no município de Sinop/MT. As cultivares foram semeadas, durante dois anos agrícolas, 2011/2012 e 2012/13, nos meses de outubro, novembro, dezembro, janeiro, fevereiro e março. O delineamento experimental adotado foi blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. No ano 2011/12, novembro e dezembro se caracterizaram como a melhor época de rendimento de colmos e a melhor cultivar foi a CMSXS 647. Já no ano agrícola 2012/13 as cultivares apresentaram rendimento bastante similar, caracterizando março como o mês de pior produtividade de massa verde. A produtividade de caldo apresentou comportamento decrescente com o avançar das datas de semeadura. CMSXS 647, de uma maneira geral, se caracterizou por apresentar melhor rendimento do que BRS 506, ao longo dos períodos de semeadura. Já os sólidos solúveis totais são maiores para as semeaduras tardias em março, do que para as precoces realizadas em outubro/novembro