Some taste substances are direct activators of G-proteins

Amphiphilic substances may stimulate cellular events through direct activation of G-proteins. The present experiments indicate that several amphiphilic sweeteners and the bitter tastant, quinine, activate transducin and Gi/Go-proteins. Concentrations of taste substances required to activate G-proteins in vitro correlated with those used to elicit taste. These data support the hypothesis that amphiphilic taste substances may elicit taste through direct activation of G-proteins

El análisis de datos cualitativos como proceso de clasificación

El artículo describe detalladamente el procedimiento referido a la Investiga sobre las teorías implícitas de maestros de la escuela primaria sobre-ción debilidad aritmética de niños y discute las consecuencias de los hallazgos para la formación de maestros. Utiliza dos ejemplos adicionales de estudios sobre profesores (problemas de disciplina en el aula; control por el profesor y aprendizaje auto-regulado). También se contempla un intento de generalizar la relevancia del enfoque descrito.___________________________________ This article describes In detail the procedure to take in relation to the research on the implicit theories of Primary education teachers about the arithmetical weakness of children and discusses the consequences of the findings for the training of teachers. The paper uses two additional examples of studies about teachers (discipline problems in the classroom, teacher control and the selfregulated learning), as well as attempt to generalise the relevance of this approach

Variational methods with coupled Gaussian functions for Bose-Einstein condensates with long-range interactions. II. Applications

Bose-Einstein condensates with an attractive 1/r interaction and with dipole-dipole interaction are investigated in the framework of the Gaussian variational ansatz introduced by S. Rau, J. Main, and G. Wunner [Phys. Rev. A, submitted]. We demonstrate that the method of coupled Gaussian wave packets is a full-fledged alternative to direct numerical solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, or even superior in that coupled Gaussians are capable of producing both, stable and unstable states of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and thus of giving access to yet unexplored regions of the space of solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. As an alternative to numerical solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, the stability of the stationary condensate wave functions is investigated by analyzing the stability properties of the dynamical equations of motion for the Gaussian variational parameters in the local vicinity of the stationary fixed points. For blood-cell-shaped dipolar condensates it is shown that on the route to collapse the condensate passes through a pitchfork bifurcation, where the ground state itself turns unstable, before it finally vanishes in a tangent bifurcation.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. A, some equations correcte

Dynamic Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in 2D Bose mixtures of ultra-cold atoms

We propose a realistic experiment to demonstrate a dynamic Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in ultra-cold atomic gases in two dimensions. With a numerical implementation of the Truncated Wigner Approximation we simulate the time evolution of several correlation functions, which can be measured via matter wave interference. We demonstrate that the relaxational dynamics is well-described by a real-time renormalization group approach, and argue that these experiments can guide the development of a theoretical framework for the understanding of critical dynamics.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Cavity-induced temperature control of a two-level system

We consider a two-level atom interacting with a single mode of the electromagnetic field in a cavity within the Jaynes-Cummings model. Initially, the atom is thermal while the cavity is in a coherent state. The atom interacts with the cavity field for a fixed time. After removing the atom from the cavity and applying a laser pulse the atom will be in a thermal state again. Depending on the interaction time with the cavity field the final temperature can be varied over a large range. We discuss how this method can be used to cool the internal degrees of freedom of atoms and create heat baths suitable for studying thermodynamics at the nanoscale

Bernoulli HMMs at subword level for handwritten word recognition

This paper presents a handwritten word recogniser based on HMMs at subword level (characters) in which state-emission probabilities are governed by multivariate Bernoulli probability functions. This recogniser works directly with raw binary pixels of the image, instead of conventional, real-valued local features. A detailed experimentation has been carried out by varying the number of states, and comparing the results with those from a conventional system based on continuous (Gaussian) densities. From this experimentation, it becomes clear that the proposed recogniser is much better than the conventional systemWork supported by the EC (FEDER) and the Spanish MEC under the MIPRCV “Consolider Ingenio 2010” research programme (CSD2007-00018), the iTransDoc research project (TIN2006-15694-CO2-01), and the FPU grant AP2005-1840.Giménez Pastor, A.; Juan, A. (2009). Bernoulli HMMs at subword level for handwritten word recognition. En Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis. Springer Verlag (Germany). 497-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02172-5_64S497504Giménez-Pastor, A., Juan-Císcar, A.: Bernoulli HMMs for Off-line Handwriting Recognition. In: Proc. of the 8th Int. Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Information Systems (PRIS 2008), Barcelona, Spain, pp. 86–91 (June 2008)Günter, S., Bunke, H.: HMM-based handwritten word recognition: on the optimization of the number of states, training iterations and Gaussian components. Pattern Recognition 37, 2069–2079 (2004)Gadea, M.P.: Aportaciones al reconocimiento automático de texto manuscrito. PhD thesis, Dep. de Sistemes Informàtics i Computació, València, Spain. Advisors: Vidal, E., Tosselli, A.H. (October 2007)Juan, A., Vidal, E.: Bernoulli mixture models for binary images. In: Proc. of the 17th Int. Conf. on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2004), Cambridge, UK, vol. 3 (August 2004)Marti, U.V., Bunke, H.: The IAM-database: an English sentence database for offline handwriting recognition.  5(1), 39–46 (2002)Rabiner, L., Juang, B.-H.: Fundamentals of speech recognition. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1993)Romero, V., Giménez, A., Juan, A.: Explicit Modelling of Invariances in Bernoulli Mixtures for Binary Images. In: Martí, J., Benedí, J.M., Mendonça, A.M., Serrat, J. (eds.) IbPRIA 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4477, pp. 539–546. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)Young, S., et al.: The HTK Book. Cambridge University Engineering Department (1995

Symmetry-breaking thermally induced collapse of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

We investigate a Bose-Einstein condensate with additional long-range dipolar interaction in a cylindrically symmetric trap within a variational framework. Compared to the ground state of this system, little attention has as yet been payed to its unstable excited states. For thermal excitations, however, the latter is of great interest, because it forms the "activated complex" that mediates the collapse of the condensate. For a certain value of the s-wave scatting length our investigations reveal a bifurcation in the transition state, leading to the emergence of two additional and symmetry-breaking excited states. Because these are of lower energy than their symmetric counterpart, we predict the occurrence of a symmetry-breaking thermally induced collapse of dipolar condensates. We show that its occurrence crucially depends on the trap geometry and calculate the thermal decay rates of the system within leading order transition state theory with the help of a uniform rate formula near the rank-2 saddle which allows to smoothly pass the bifurcation.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Relation between the eigenfrequencies of Bogoliubov excitations of Bose-Einstein condensates and the eigenvalues of the Jacobian in a time-dependent variational approach

We study the relation between the eigenfrequencies of the Bogoliubov excitations of Bose-Einstein condensates, and the eigenvalues of the Jacobian stability matrix in a variational approach which maps the Gross-Pitaevskii equation to a system of equations of motion for the variational parameters. We do this for Bose-Einstein condensates with attractive contact interaction in an external trap, and for a simple model of a self-trapped Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive 1/r interaction. The stationary solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and Bogoliubov excitations are calculated using a finite-difference scheme. The Bogoliubov spectra of the ground and excited state of the self-trapped monopolar condensate exhibits a Rydberg-like structure, which can be explained by means of a quantum defect theory. On the variational side, we treat the problem using an ansatz of time-dependent coupled Gaussians combined with spherical harmonics. We first apply this ansatz to a condensate in an external trap without long-range interaction, and calculate the excitation spectrum with the help of the time-dependent variational principle. Comparing with the full-numerical results, we find a good agreement for the eigenfrequencies of the lowest excitation modes with arbitrary angular momenta. The variational method is then applied to calculate the excitations of the self-trapped monopolar condensates, and the eigenfrequencies of the excitation modes are compared.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figure