KINEMATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SPRINT START

Aims of this study were the tuning of the methods for kinematic and dynamic analysis of sprint start and the assessment of their relevance for field practice. Data collection was performed by means of an Elite Motion Analysis System (two cameras,3D) at 100 Hzi and a Kistler force platform (type 9281b ) at 500 Hz. Three elite athletes participated in the study; each subject performed three trials. statistical analysis ( ONEWAY ANOVA - SPSSPC software package) was performed in order to highlight significant differences ( F>0.05 ) between the subjects. The start movement was divided into three temporal phases: release of the starting block, landing on first supported push off from platform. significant differences were observed with respect to hip horizontal linear velocity within these phases (F > 0.02-0.001-0.0003) between the subjects. In order to give a complete description of the movement pattern four groups of variables were selected: 1)LINEAR DISPLACEMENTS. Eighteen variables were studied ; thirteen of them show significant differences index of different positions on the starting blocks -and different movement pattern during push-of f . 2)ANGULAR DISPLACEMENTS. Thirty-five variables were selected; eighteen show significant differences. 3) LINEAR AND ANGULAR-VEMCITIES Of the 54 variables studied (20 linear var. and 34 angular var.) , 38 (13 linear var. and 15 angular var. ) shows significant differences. 4)DYNAMIC DATA. We studied 62 variables, 26 of which showed significant differences. Exit velocity from starting blocks is influenced by the force produced during the first support phase and by the kinematics of the body segments. The different results obtained by the athletes in hip horizontal velocity, can be explained with the significant differences observed with respect to kinematic and dynamic of the phases of start studied. Main variables that shows significant differences are: hip, knee and ankle peak angular velocities, duration of first support phase and joint moments during push-off from first support phase. These variables seems to be logically related with the index of performance,hip horizontal velocity

Real-time optical manipulation of cardiac conduction in intact hearts

Optogenetics has provided new insights in cardiovascular research, leading to new methods for cardiac pacing, resynchronization therapy and cardioversion. Although these interventions have clearly demonstrated the feasibility of cardiac manipulation, current optical stimulation strategies do not take into account cardiac wave dynamics in real time. Here, we developed an all‐optical platform complemented by integrated, newly developed software to monitor and control electrical activity in intact mouse hearts. The system combined a wide‐field mesoscope with a digital projector for optogenetic activation. Cardiac functionality could be manipulated either in free‐run mode with submillisecond temporal resolution or in a closed‐loop fashion: a tailored hardware and software platform allowed real‐time intervention capable of reacting within 2 ms. The methodology was applied to restore normal electrical activity after atrioventricular block, by triggering the ventricle in response to optically mapped atrial activity with appropriate timing. Real‐time intraventricular manipulation of the propagating electrical wavefront was also demonstrated, opening the prospect for real‐time resynchronization therapy and cardiac defibrillation. Furthermore, the closed‐loop approach was applied to simulate a re‐entrant circuit across the ventricle demonstrating the capability of our system to manipulate heart conduction with high versatility even in arrhythmogenic conditions. The development of this innovative optical methodology provides the first proof‐of‐concept that a real‐time optically based stimulation can control cardiac rhythm in normal and abnormal conditions, promising a new approach for the investigation of the (patho)physiology of the heart

Cooperativas de ahorro y crédito de Argentina

El siguiente informe sobre el sector cooperativo de crédito se compone de un desarrollo cualitativo y cuantitativo con datos al año 2006. De acuerdo al análisis realizado para el sector, encontramos que el mayor caudal de información, tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa proviene del Banco Credicoop Cooperativo Limitado (BCCL). También se observa, que en el rango de elementos a estudiar, es mayor el volumen de información que se desprende de las cooperativas crédito abiertas –bancos y cajas de crédito- que de aquellas de tipo cerrado (que operan únicamente con asociados) –cooperativas de crédito-.Este trabajo forma parte del informe coordinado por Juan Pablo Martí, Cooperativas e integración regional. La trayectoria de las cooperativas agropecuarias y de ahorro y crédito en el MERCOSUR, Cooperativas e Integración Regional Mercosur, Montevideo (Uruguay).Facultad de Ciencias Económicas (FCE

Cooperativas de ahorro y crédito de Argentina

El siguiente informe sobre el sector cooperativo de crédito se compone de un desarrollo cualitativo y cuantitativo con datos al año 2006. De acuerdo al análisis realizado para el sector, encontramos que el mayor caudal de información, tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa proviene del Banco Credicoop Cooperativo Limitado (BCCL). También se observa, que en el rango de elementos a estudiar, es mayor el volumen de información que se desprende de las cooperativas crédito abiertas –bancos y cajas de crédito- que de aquellas de tipo cerrado (que operan únicamente con asociados) –cooperativas de crédito-.Este trabajo forma parte del informe coordinado por Juan Pablo Martí, Cooperativas e integración regional. La trayectoria de las cooperativas agropecuarias y de ahorro y crédito en el MERCOSUR, Cooperativas e Integración Regional Mercosur, Montevideo (Uruguay).Facultad de Ciencias Económicas (FCE

Cooperativas de ahorro y crédito de Argentina

El siguiente informe sobre el sector cooperativo de crédito se compone de un desarrollo cualitativo y cuantitativo con datos al año 2006. De acuerdo al análisis realizado para el sector, encontramos que el mayor caudal de información, tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa proviene del Banco Credicoop Cooperativo Limitado (BCCL). También se observa, que en el rango de elementos a estudiar, es mayor el volumen de información que se desprende de las cooperativas crédito abiertas –bancos y cajas de crédito- que de aquellas de tipo cerrado (que operan únicamente con asociados) –cooperativas de crédito-.Este trabajo forma parte del informe coordinado por Juan Pablo Martí, Cooperativas e integración regional. La trayectoria de las cooperativas agropecuarias y de ahorro y crédito en el MERCOSUR, Cooperativas e Integración Regional Mercosur, Montevideo (Uruguay).Facultad de Ciencias Económicas (FCE

Oral sucrosomial iron is as effective as intravenous ferric carboxy‐maltose in treating anemia in patients with ulcerative colitis

Anemia is a frequent complication of ulcerative colitis, and is frequently caused by iron deficiency. Oral iron supplementation displays high rates of gastrointestinal adverse effects. However, the formulation of sucrosomial iron (SI) has shown higher tolerability. We performed a prospective study to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of oral SI and intravenous ferric carboxy‐maltose (FCM) in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission and mild‐to‐moderate anemia. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive 60 mg/day for 8 weeks and then 30 mg/day for 4 weeks of oral SI or intravenous 1000 mg of FCM at baseline. Hemoglobin and serum levels of iron and ferritin were assessed after 4, 8, and 12 weeks from baseline. Hemoglobin and serum iron increased in both groups after 4 weeks of therapy, and remained stable during follow up, without significant treatment or treatment‐by‐time interactions (p = 0.25 and p = 0.46 for hemoglobin, respectively; p = 0.25 and p = 0.26 for iron, respectively). Serum ferritin did not increase over time during SI supplementation, while it increased in patients treated with FCM (treatment effect, p = 0.0004; treatment‐bytime interaction effect, p = 0.0002). Overall, this study showed that SI and FCM displayed similar effectiveness and tolerability for treatment of mild‐to‐moderate anemia in patients with ulcerative colitis under remission

Compared clinical efficacy and bone metabolic effects of low-dose deflazacort and methyl prednisolone in male inflammatory arthropathies: a 12-month open randomized pilot study.

Objective. To evaluate: (i) a correct equivalence ratio of clinical efficacy between low-dose deflazacort (DFZ) and methyl prednisolone (MP); and (ii) bone metabolic effects of low-dose DFZ and MP in the treatment of male RA and PsA. Methods. A total of 21 male patients with active RA or PsA, naive to steroid treatment were chosen for the study. Group I: 10 patients treated for 6 months with DFZ 7.5 mg, calcium, cholecalciferol and a DMARD; for the following 6 months with MP 4 mg, calcium, cholecalciferol and a DMARD. Group II: 11 patients treated for 6 months with MP 4 mg, calcium, cholecalciferol and a DMARD; for the following 6 months with DFZ 7.5 mg, calcium, cholecalciferol and a DMARD. At day 0, 90, 180, 240 and 360 evaluation of ACR improvement criteria; a blood sample for total and bone-specific ALP, calcium, phosphorus, PTH, SHBG, estradiol, ACTH, osteocalcin, LH, OPG; a sample of urine for calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and DPD. Results. 13/21 patients (6/10 Group I; 7/11 Group II) reached ACR 20 at 6 months; 14/21 (7/10 Group I, 7/10 Group II) at 12 months. Only at the third month we observed in Group II vs Group I a reduction of OPG (24% vs 6%, P= n.s.); ALP (P < 0.001) and osteocalcin (P = 0.006) decreased in both groups from the third month; DPD decreased in both groups only from the sixth month (P = 0.002). Conclusions. The correct equivalence ratio of DFZ to MP is 1.875:1, and of DFZ to prednisolone 1.5:1. We found a relative prevalence of bone resorption compared to bone formation in the first 6 months of treatment. The trend of OPG requires further investigation

The transverse-axial tubular system of cardiomyocytes

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