The Consequences of Caregiving: Does Employment Make a Difference?

While a number of studies have examined the consequences of caregiving among employed women, surprisingly little research has explicitly compared how consequences differ between employed and not employed women. Moreover, very little research in this area has distinguished between part-time and full- time employment. This paper examines these issues drawing on the 1996 General Social Survey of Canada. The sample for this study consists of women aged 25 to 64 who reported providing care to one or more people aged 65+ because of a long-term physical disability (n=426). Three employment status groups (full-time, part-time and not employed) are compared on positive consequences, burden, guilt, job adjustment, postponed opportunities, and social and economic consequences. Results reveal significant differences between the three employment categories indicating that employment, both full and part-time, is associated with higher burden, guilt and social and economic consequences.caregiving; employment status; GSS

Presupposition in Lexical Analysis and Discourse

This report describes research done at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the laboratory's artificial intelligence research is provided in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense under Office of Naval Research contract N00014-70-A-0362-0003.Recent research in linguistic analysis of presuppositions has provided numerous indications of the role of presupposition in lexical analysis. Still others have argued there is no distinction between meaning and the presupposition of a word. In this paper I discuss both issues of what presuppositions are related to lexical analysis and what happens to these presupposition in discourse. Finally, I comment on how this knowledge could be made available to a natural language understanding program.MIT Artificial Intelligence Laborator

Numerical modeling of nitrogen injection into gas condensate reservoir

Gas-condensate reservoirs differ from dry-gas reservoirs. Gas condensate production is predominantly gas from which a quantity of liquid is condensed; the amount condensed being based on the gas-oil-ratio, GOR, in surface separators. Condensate dropout occurs in the reservoir as the pressure falls below dew-point, as a result of which, the liquid production decreases significantly and the condensate formed in the reservoir is also unrecoverable. Injection and cycling of dry natural gas has been used to enhance the condensate production from these reservoirs. However natural gas has become more valuable and alternative gases must be investigated. One of such gas is nitrogen which is inert and can be generated inexpensively at the well site.;The purpose of this research study was to develop a gas condensate reservoir model to determine the effects that nitrogen injection has on the condensate recovery. In order to build a realistic reservoir model, data from a deep high pressure gas condensate field was used. The results of this study indicated that for original well pattern, nitrogen injection did not show an overall benefit to condensate recovery. However alternative development plan for the reservoir showed increased condensate producibility and thus the viability of nitrogen injection

A Mixed-Methods Study Examining the Impact of Incentivized Medical Insurance Premiums on Wellness Program Participation and Results at a Four-Year, Private, Midwestern University

The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine the impact that incentivized medical insurance premium rates have on wellness plan participation and aggregate wellness results at a Midwestern private, four-year university. Leveraging the Health Belief Model, the researcher sought to compare aggregate wellness results and wellness program participation before and after the medical insurance premium incentive program was implemented. The researcher utilized Likert-scale questions followed by open-ended questions to gain insight into participants’ perceptions of the wellness incentive program. The quantitative portion of this study applied Thorndike’s theory of connecting “A specific response is connected to a specific stimulus when it is rewarded” (Knowles et al., 2020, p. 24). The quantitative data consisted of a convenience sample provided by the third-party administrator, or TPA (Fraenkel et al., 2015, p. 11). The results from this study revealed that the participants’ prevalence of major health conditions, emotional health risks, and personal health score components were not significantly different from the TPA benchmark data in 2018 and 2019. The qualitative data revealed that participants are more likely to participate in the wellness program for the incentivized insurance premium. Additionally, most respondents selected mental health as their preferred wellness activity, indicating an opportunity for future wellness initiatives at the studied institution

Social Skills and Language Development in Preschool Children with Developmental Disabilities Following Augmented Language Intervention

This study examined the relationship between socialization and language skills. This study then investigated how socialization and language scores predicted preschool educational placement. Results indicated that baseline and follow up socialization and language scores were correlated. Furthermore, a partial transactional relationship was found between language and socialization scores. Measures of language and socialization scores did not predict preschool educational placement, however. Outcomes of this study suggest that language and socialization abilities are interrelated, and clinicians and educators should consider the importance of the social context that is important for children to learn

Appointed and Elected Superintendents in Florida\u27s Governance

When a specific system is chosen, in reference to selecting a school superintendent, contention between constituents who oppose such system ensues. Such issues range from demographics and differences in management style to which superintendent is more credentialed. In Florida, each county is considered a school district and has its own school superintendent. Thus, since Florida has 67 counties there are 67 school districts and 67 superintendents. Florida allows its districts to use one of two systems to select its superintendent, an election by popular vote or an appointive system. This study replicated methods used in one of the leading studies conducted in Tennessee, Morgan (2003), which was under the direction of Jason Walton, Ph.D. The context of the study is limited to school districts in the State of Florida. As an extension to the Tennessee Study, the researcher explored if there existed significant differences between each system. Of the 67 superintendents, 27 (8 appointed and 19 elected superintendents) participated in the study. Findings indicated, in comparison to their elected counterparts, appointed participants possessed higher levels of education, had higher annual incomes, and are more acquainted with superintendency prior to becoming a superintendent. On the other hand, the researcher found there was no significant difference in appointed and elected participants in reference to amount of time in office or student outcomes. In reference to appointed superintendents, findings indicated that majority of appointed participants were hired with the assistance of a recruiting agency and although majority of the appointed participants were from Florida, exactly 50% of them were from within their current district. In reference to superintendents in general, 41% of the participants shared the responsibility in developing policy and participants did not involve the community in the planning/advisory capacity at an equivalent rate of involving staff

Effects of Imagined Social Rejection and Acceptance across Varying Relationships.

Previous research (Tesser, Millar, & Moore, 1988) has shown that being close to one’s rejecter intensifies negative outcomes associated with rejection. Other research, however, has shown that people’s fundamental needs are threatened equally when they are ostracized by in-group members or despised groups (i.e., KKK members; Gonsalkorale & Williams, 2007), suggesting that perhaps acceptance by close others may not differ from acceptance by strangers. In this study, we examined the effects of imagined rejection and acceptance across varying degrees of relationship intensity (close other, acquaintance, or stranger). Participants who imagined being rejected by a close other reported higher depressed mood than those who imagined being rejected by an acquaintance or by a stranger and more hurt feelings than those who imagined being rejected by a stranger. Interestingly, those who imagined being accepted by a close other reported higher anxiety than those imagining being accepted by an acquaintance or stranger

The effects of the intensity of racial identity attitudes on predicting college preference for African-American high school seniors

In this study, the effects of the intensity of racial identity attitudes on predicting the college preference, i.e., predominantly White institutions (PWI) or traditionally Black institutions (TBI) of 86 African-American high school seniors were investigated. Only responses of students who desired to attend a college or university and who scored highest at the Internalization stage of racial identity attitudes on the Racial Identity Attitudes Scale- Form B (RIAS-B) were used. A multiple discriminant analysis was performed to predict college preference by using scores received at the Internalization stage on the RIAS-B. The results indicated that the higher the score. the greater the preference to attend either a PWI or a TBI. There was a tendency for those with lower scores to prefer PWI although no statistically significant differences were found. This tendency warrants further examination. Gender was not a good predictor of college preference for this study population. This latter finding was consistent with that of a pilot study conducted by the investigator. Factors affecting college preference for this group were also studied. The availability of financial aid and majors offered at an institution were the most important factors affecting college selection whereas family and friends were found to be least important. Continued research is necessary to explore the intensity of African-Americans\u27 racial identity attitudes and their effects on additional postsecondary variables such as college adjustment, retention, and academic success