La Necesidad de Investigaciones Aplicadas para el Próximo Siglo

The Rangelands archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform March 202

Intrinsic Defects, Fluctuations of the Local Shape, and the Photo-Oxidation of Black Phosphorus

Black phosphorus is a monatomic semiconducting layered material that degrades exothermically in the presence of light and ambient contaminants. Its degradation dynamics remain largely unknown. Even before degradation, local-probe studies indicate non-negligible local curvaturethrough a nonconstant height distributiondue to the unavoidable presence of intrinsic defects. We establish that these intrinsic defects are photo-oxidation sites because they lower the chemisorption barrier of ideal black phosphorus (>10 eV and out of visible-range light excitations) right into the visible and ultraviolet range (1.6 to 6.8 eV), thus enabling photoinduced oxidation and dissociation of oxygen dimers. A full characterization of the material’s shape and of its electronic properties at the early stages of the oxidation process is presented as well. This study thus provides fundamental insights into the degradation dynamics of this novel layered material

Intrinsic Defects, Fluctuations of the Local Shape, and the Photo-Oxidation of Black Phosphorus

Black phosphorus is a monatomic semiconducting layered material that degrades exothermically in the presence of light and ambient contaminants. Its degradation dynamics remain largely unknown. Even before degradation, local-probe studies indicate non-negligible local curvaturethrough a nonconstant height distributiondue to the unavoidable presence of intrinsic defects. We establish that these intrinsic defects are photo-oxidation sites because they lower the chemisorption barrier of ideal black phosphorus (>10 eV and out of visible-range light excitations) right into the visible and ultraviolet range (1.6 to 6.8 eV), thus enabling photoinduced oxidation and dissociation of oxygen dimers. A full characterization of the material’s shape and of its electronic properties at the early stages of the oxidation process is presented as well. This study thus provides fundamental insights into the degradation dynamics of this novel layered material

Marine Biodiversity of Eastern Tropical Pacific Coral Reefs

The eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) is an isolated oceanic region exposed to extreme oceanographic conditions, including low salinity, low pH, high temperatures during El Niño, and low temperatures during La Niña and seasonal upwelling. The coral reefs in this region have a relatively limited suite of species compared to other coral reef areas of the world, but much like more diverse reefs the species present interact in complex ways. Here we synthezise the knowledge of taxonomic groups of reef organisms from prokaryotes to vertebrates, including algae, sponges, cnidarians, annelids and other worms, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms and fishes. We also present summaries on the biodiversity of associated functional groups and habitats, including (a) reef zooplankton and cryptic fauna, and (b) soft benthic environments, rhodolith beds and mesophotic environments. Several factors that structure the biodiversity of ETP coral reefs are explored, including biological, physical and chemical controls. ETP coral reefs are relatively simple systems that can be used as models for studying biodiversity and interactions among species. We conclude this review by highlighting pressing research needs, from very basic inventories to more sophisticated studies of cryptic assemblages, and to investigations on the impacts of natural and anthropogenic effects on ETP coral reef biodiversity.National Geographic Society/[NGS 5831–96]//Estados UnidosFondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología/[1130167]/FONDECYT/ChileUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Biologí

Long-term clinical outcomes of Zika-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome

Zika virus infection has been associated with the development of a spectrum of neurologic disease including Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)1. GBS is an autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system often triggered by a preceding infection. The mechanism of Zika-associated GBS (Z-GBS) and the long-term clinical course is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe the 2-year clinical course of Z-GBS in order to provide further insights into disease pathogenesis and prognosis

Long-term clinical outcomes of Zikaassociated Guillain-Barré syndrome

Zika virus infection has been associated with the development of a spectrum of neurologic disease including Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)1. GBS is an autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system often triggered by a preceding infection. The mechanism of Zika-associated GBS (Z-GBS) and the long-term clinical course is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe the 2-year clinical course of Z-GBS in order to provide further insights into disease pathogenesis and prognosis