Negative HER2/neu amplification using immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization techniques in skin melanoma cases

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the amplification of HER-2/neu in patients with melanoma. Materials and Methods: Amplification of HER-2/neu was evaluated in a group of patients with melanoma, referred to two referral centers in Tehran, using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) techniques. Results: Forty patients with mean age 57.9±19.5 years were enrolled in this study. The most frequent type of melanoma was acral, while lower limbs were the most frequent sites. The amplification of HER2/ neu was negative in 97.5 of patients with IHC and in 100 of patients with CISH technique. Only one case (2.5) shows weak positive staining (+2) in IHC method. Fifty five percent of melanoma was ulcerative, and the most common stages of tumors were stages 4b and 3b. More than 47 of cases were in Clark level III, while the mean of Breslow thickness was 3.56±2.87 mm. The stage of the case that showed weakly positive staining (2+) in IHC was 4b. Conclusions: The amplification of HER2/neu biomarker was negative in patients with melanoma, using both CISH and IHC techniques

Preferensi Masyarakat Kecamatan Dau Kabupaten Malang dalam Memilih Pola Pelunasan SPPT PBB

Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui preferensi masyarakat Kecamatan Dau Kabupaten Malang dalam memilih pola pelunasan SPPT pajak bumi dan bangunan di masyarakat Kecamatan Dau Kabupaten Bangkalan dalam memilih pola pelunasan SPPT Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan. Penelitian ini juga mendiskusikan tentang peran pemerintah dalam melakukan diseminasi informasi tentang pelunasan wajak. Metode penelitian ini adalah survei. Hasilnya ternyata ada hubungan antara sosialisasi yang dilakukan pemerintah dengan tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat dalam membayar pajak

Hydrogen-rich Syngas Production from Ethanol Dry Reforming on La-doped Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts: Effect of Promoter Loading

Ethanol dry reforming has been studied over La-promoted Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3 with different promoter loadings at varying CO2 partial pressure of 20-50 kPa. Catalysts were prepared via co-impregnation technique and characterized using BET surface area, X-ray diffraction measurement, temperature-programmed calcination and scanning electron microscopy. Doped and undoped catalysts possessed high surface area of about 86-108 m2 g-1 and La promoter was well-dispersed on support surface. Xray diffraction measurements indicated the formation of La2O3, NiO and NiAl2O4 phases in line with temperature-programmed calcination results. La-addition enhanced the dispersion of NiO particles and reduced the agglomeration of metal oxides. Both C2H5OH and CO2 conversions improved with increasing CO2 partial pressure rationally due to the growing secondary CO2 reforming of CH4 reaction. The ratio of H2/CO produced from ethanol dry reforming varied from 1.1 to 1.4 favored for usage as feedstocks of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The yield of H2 and CO also enhanced with increasing CO2 partial pressure whilst the optimal La loading in terms of C2H5OH conversion was observed at 3%La and catalytic activity increased with promoter addition reasonably owing to the redox properties of La promoter. CO2 reforming of ethanol reaction appeared via ethanol decomposition to CH4 intermediate product, which was subsequently converted to CO and H2 mixture through CH4 dry reforming reaction

EVALUATION OF THE PARENTERAL NUTRITION SERVICES IN HOSPITAL PULAU PINANG

Parenteral nutrition (PN

Time Profile of nNOS Expression in the Spinal Dorsal Horn After L₅ Spinal Root Transection in Rats

Using immunohistochemical analysis, we investigated the time profile of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in the lumbar spinal cord up to day 28 after transection of the L₅ spinal root. On day 14 after injury, we also evaluated the effect of intrathecal application of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective nNOS inhibitor (8.15 µg in 5 µl), on thermal hyperalgesia. Our results indicated that nerve transection increased the intensity of nNOSimmunoreactivity in superficial and deep laminae of the dorsal horn within a late stage (days 7 to 28) of the neuropathy model used. Furthermore, 7-NI attenuated nerve injury-evoked thermal hypersensitivity on day 14 but did not reduce it between days 2 and 5 after transection. These data suggest that nNOS overexpression is more involved in the development than in the initiation of thermal hyperalgesia in L₅ -transected rats.Ми досліджували часовий профіль експресії нейронної NOсинтази (nNOS) у люмбальному відділі спинного мозку щурів протягом 28 діб після перерізання спінального корінця L₅ , використовуючи імуногістохімічну методику. Ми також оцінювали впливи інтратекальних аплікацій 7-нітроіндазолу (7-NI) – селективного інгібітора nNOS (8.15 мкг у 5 мкл) на термічну гіпералгезію через 14 діб після ушкодження. В результаті секції корінця кількість nNOS-імунореактивних клітин у поверхневих та глибоких пластинах дорсального рога зростала на відносно пізніх етапах (із сьомої по 28-му добу) використаної моделі нейропатії. Аплікації 7-NI зменшували термічну гіперсенситивність, викликану пошкодженням нервових волокон, на 14-ту добу, але не впливали на цей феномен протягом другої–п’ятої діб після індукції нейропатії. Подібні дані вказують на те, що після перетину корінця L₅ у щурів підвищена експресія nNOS більшою мірою залучена в процес розвитку, ніж в ініціацію термічної гіпералгезії

Quantum key distribution in terms of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state: multi-key generation

In this paper, we develop a quantum key distribution protocol based on the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states (GHZs). The particles are exchanged among the users in blocks through two steps. In this protocol, for three-particle GHZs three keys can be simultaneously generated. The advantage of this is that the users can select the most suitable key for communication. The protocol can be generalized to $N$ users to provide $N$ keys. The protocol has two levels for checking the eavesdroppers. Moreover, we discuss the security of the protocol against different attacks.Comment: 10 Page, no figures. Comments are most welcom

Vatica rassak wood waste-derived activated carbon for effective Pb(II) adsorption : Kinetic, isotherm and reusability studies

Vatica Rassak wood waste-derived activated carbon (ACVRW) was employed for lead (Pb(II)) adsorption. Batch adsorption tests were executed to investigate the influences of contact time (t = 0-60 min), ACVRWdosage (m = 0-5 g L-1), initial pH (pH = 2-10), and initial Pb(II) concentration (Co= 10-200 mg L-1) towards Pb(II) elimination. The best adsorption conditions were found at t = 55 min, pH = 6, and m = 2 g L-1, with optimal Pb(II) uptake of 149.25 mg g-1. The equilibrium data demonstrated high linearity with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model as well as the Langmuir isotherm model. The characterization results showed the vital role of ACVRW's physicochemical properties in the Pb(II) adsorption process. It is observed that the surface of the adsorbent after adsorption became ruptured and many fine particles attached on it. Moreover, the pore size of the adsorbent also decreased after adsorption. The practicability of ACVRWwas verified by its excellent performance in the reusability study with slight reduction in Pb(II) removal of 10.72% after five cycles. This study proved that ACVRWpossessed significant features to be employed as a low-cost activated carbon for the elimination of Pb(II)

The effect of twisted magnetic field on the resonant absorption of MHD waves in coronal loops

The standing quasi modes in a cylindrical incompressible flux tube with magnetic twist that undergoes a radial density structuring is considered in ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The radial structuring is assumed to be a linearly varying density profile. Using the relevant connection formulae, the dispersion relation for the MHD waves is derived and solved numerically to obtain both the frequencies and damping rates of the fundamental and first-overtone modes of both the kink (m=1) and fluting (m=2,3) waves. It was found that a magnetic twist will increase the frequencies, damping rates and the ratio of the oscillation frequency to the damping rate of these modes. The period ratio P_1/P_2 of the fundamental and its first-overtone surface waves for kink (m=1) and fluting (m=2,3) modes is lower than 2 (the value for an untwisted loop) in the presence of twisted magnetic field. For the kink modes, particularly, the magnetic twists B_{\phi}/B_z=0.0065 and 0.0255 can achieve deviations from 2 of the same order of magnitude as in the observations. Furthermore, for the fundamental kink body waves, the frequency bandwidth increases with increasing the magnetic twist.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure