Thrombosis Resulting from Heparin Therapy

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90371/1/j.1875-9114.1996.tb02981.x.pd

Innovative interventions: neuromodulation to enhance motor learning in autism

Autism spectrum disorders are best understood as a complex set of symptoms that impact social, communication, and behavioral skills. Autistic brains have abnormalities in the anatomy, neural architecture, cytoarchitecture, and neurotransmitter systems (Bharath et al., 2019; Dicarlo & Wallace, 2022; Fatemi et al., 2012; Friedman et al., 2006; Karvat & Kimchi, 2014; Xu et al., 2020). This unique neurology may partially explain why motor impairments are so widespread in this population. Motor impairments are present in up to 88% of autistic people, emerging in early life and persisting into adulthood (Kangarani-Farahani et al., 2023; Liu et al., 2014). These deficits exert a cascading impact, contributing to impairments in daily living skills (Miller et al., 2024; Ozboke et al., 2021; Travers et al., 2022). Creating motor phenotypes that describe how a person’s physiology relates to their unique neurology may help with developing more effective interventions. This program investigates the correlation between biomarkers and psychomotor measures in autistic children. From there, an adjunct intervention is deployed to improve neuromodulation while engaging in motor learning. The goal is to move the field of occupational therapy towards a more precise and effective delivery model in order to achieve greater gains with less dosing of therapy

Prevention 2000: Moving Effective Programs Into Practice

Outlines recommendations from an October 2000 symposium on how to implement effective, evidence-based drug prevention programs at the federal, state, and local levels, such as integrating school-based and community efforts. Summarizes briefing papers

Sex differences in stress reactivity and responses to novelty in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)

Introduction: Investigating how exposures to stress and novel environments influence behavior is important for translational research that aims to improve mental health. Previous studies have focused on reactions to novelty and revealed changes in defense reactions and exploratory behavior. (Pisula et al., 2012). Objective: The focus of the present study is to investigate sex differences in behavioral responses to novel environments and restraint stress in the gray short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica). Using the Monodelphis is innovative because it is a non-traditional animal model that is ideal for developmental research. Methods: Using AnyMaze video tracking software, animals’ behaviors (6 males, 6 females) in the restraint stress task (3 min) and open field task (10 min) were recorded. AnyMaze and JWatcher were used to quantify movements, both locomotor and non-locomotor, and finally the data collected analyzed using SPSS. Restraint was used to inflict stress in the subjects, and the reactions were movements in paw, tail, and head. Reactions to a novel environment were assessed via exploratory and locomotor behaviors in an open field. Results: The results of a t-test revealed that the movement of the head was significantly different between sexes when considering p\u3c0.05 cutoff, with the female showing higher reactivity than their male counterparts (t(10)= 2.278, p\u3c 0.05). There were no sex differences in the other behaviors. To further compare the results, an open field paradigm was used, where subjects were introduced to a new environment and their reactions were reviewed. Our preliminary observations indicate that males were more prone to vast exploration of the new environment and at a faster pace, while females exhibit slower movements and limited exploration, mainly focusing in the areas closer to the walls. Discussion: We are currently conducting additional experiments with more subjects to determine if the behavior exhibited by females are a consequence of them feeling stressed by the novelty of the environment. If the results favor our hypothesis, then we could conclude that females are more susceptible to experiencing stress. To further analyze the data collected from both experiments, we are taking into consideration the age of the subjects, as considering this variable can help understand their behavior and stress reactivity at different stages of life. Conclusions: Clinical and epidemiological research have identified major gender/sex differences in neuropsychiatric disorders, and stress is a major contributor to mental health problems. Our results support the hypothesis that sex differences in stress reactivity and responses to novelty are present in Monodelphis, suggesting that sex differences have a biological component and that animal models can be used to study mechanisms that underlie sex differences in stress responses

Multiaddressable Photochromic Architectures: From Molecules to Materials

Multiaddressable architectures comprising light‐responsive photochromic molecules and different stimuli‐responsive components are appealing platforms for intelligent materials because of not only the potential diversity of components and corresponding properties, but also the functions resulting from their synergistic interactions. A variety of multiaddressable photochromic architectures are being designed to meet the demands of applications in different areas ranging from molecular machines to smart materials. This review highlights exciting recent advances in the field of multiaddressable systems that employ photoswitching molecules, specifically with regard to photo‐/chemical‐addressable, photo‐/pH‐addressable, photo‐/thermal‐addressable, photo‐/redox‐addressable, and multi‐photoaddressable architectures. Design concepts, crosstalk between different components, and photoswitch integration in these multiaddressable systems are discussed

Hyaluronan oligosaccharides induce cell death through PI3-K/Akt pathway independently of NF-κB transcription factor

Several studies indicate that hyaluronan oligosaccharides (oHA) are able to modulate growth and cell survival in solid tumors; however, no studies have been undertaken to analyze the effect of oHA on T-lymphoid disorders. In this work we showed that oHA were able to induce apoptosis in lymphoma cell lines. Since PI3-K/Akt and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are major factors involved in cell survival and anti-apoptotic pathways in lymphoma cells, we hypothesized that oHA could induce apoptosis through inhibition of these pathways. oHA were identified by a method which allows characterization of length using a high pH anion exchange chromatography with pulse amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). oHA inhibited PIP3 production (principal product of PI3-K activity) and reduced Akt phosphorylation levels, similarly to the specific inhibitor wortmannin. However, treatment with either oHA or wortmannin failed to inhibit constitutive NF-κB activity and modulate IκBα protein levels, suggesting that PI3-K and NF-κB signaling pathways are not related in the cell lines used. Cell behavior differed using native hyaluronan (HA), which induced PIP3 production, Akt phosphorylation, and NF-κB activation, although not related with cell survival since treatment with native HA showed no effect on apoptosis. Our results suggest that oHA induce apoptosis by suppression of PI3-K/Akt cell survival pathway without involving NF-κB activation, through a mechanism that differs from the one mediated by native HA. © 2006 Oxford University Press.Fil:Gallo-Rodriguez, C. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Agusti, R. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

The impact of biological sex on motor function and responses to novel environments in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)

Background: Understanding the different stress reactions in different environments can help us understand stress factors. Studying animal behavior is important for translational research for mental health improvement. Previous literature has shown that stress is a risk factor for higher cancer incidence and poorer cancer survival. (Klejbor & Turlejski., 2012), as well as mental health outcomes. Understanding of how stress is related to cancer can help improve therapeutic outcomes as preventive measures (Glaser et al., 1987). Methods: Using the Rota Rod apparatus, 12 animals (3 males, 9 females) were tested at 36 rpm for a maximum of 400 seconds (Madroñal et al., 2010). Open field apparatus was used to test 8 animals (4males, 4 females), their locomotor and non-locomotor behaviors were recorded using AnyMaze. Data collected from both experiments were analyzed with SPSS software. Results: The preliminary results showed sex differences, female’s average number of revolutions (44.54) was higher than their male counterparts (26.15). Results from the open field showed females exhibit less immobile episodes (f(1)=6.000. p Conclusions: Previous literature has shown stress is a risk factor and a major contributor to mental and physical health problems. Preliminary results support the hypothesis that there is a biological component in stress reactivity to novel environments in the Monodelphis, and that animal models are a good alternative to study sex differences in stress responses and motor function. Further research is needed to test housing effects in the short-tailed opossums

Predicting Corrosion Damage in the Human Body Using Artificial Intelligence: In Vitro Progress and Future Applications Applications

Artificial intelligence (AI) is used in the clinic to improve patient care. While the successes illustrate the impact AI can have, few studies have led to improved clinical outcomes. A gap in translational studies, beginning at the basic science level, exists. In this review, we focus on how AI models implemented in non-orthopedic fields of corrosion science may apply to the study of orthopedic alloys. We first define and introduce fundamental AI concepts and models, as well as physiologically relevant corrosion damage modes. We then systematically review the corrosion/AI literature. Finally, we identify several AI models that may be Preprint implemented to study fretting, crevice, and pitting corrosion of titanium and cobalt chrome alloys