172 research outputs found
Untersuchung zum Vorkommen von Eisenaufnahmesystemen als unspezifische PathogenitÀtsfaktoren in Shiga Toxin-produzierenden Escherichia coli
Ăber die Verbreitung von Eisenaufnahmesystemen wie der âHigh-Pathogenicity Islandâ (HPI) und des iroA-Genclusters in Shiga Toxin-produzierenden Escherichia coli ist wenig bekannt. 147 klinische STEC-Isolate wurden auf ihre Ausstattung mit Shiga Toxin-Genen (stx), Intimin-kodierenden Genen (eae), Markergene der HPI (irp2, fyuA) und iroN als Teil des iroA-Genclusters untersucht. In einem weiteren Schritt wurde der strukturelle Aufbau der detektierten HPI anhand eines reprĂ€sentativen E. coli O26 Stamms analysiert. Irp2/fyuA wurden konstant in O26: H-/H11 StĂ€mmen nachgewiesen, was auf ein defektes Integrase-Gen zurĂŒckgefĂŒhrt werden könnte. iroN fand sich in drei StĂ€mmen des Serotyps O111:H-. Das hĂ€ufig in extra-intestinalen E. coli (ExPEC) vorkommende iroA-Gencluster ist in STEC sehr selten; allerdings hat in wenigen StĂ€mmen ein Genaustausch zwischen ExPEC und STEC stattgefunden
Suppression of ferromagnetism in CeSi_1.81 under temperature and pressure
We have studied the pressure dependence of the magnetization of single
crystalline CeSi_1.81. At ambient pressure ferromagnetism develops below T_C =
9.5 Below ~ 5 K an additional shoulder in low-field hysteresis loops and a
metamagnetic crossover around 4 T suggest the appearance of an additional
magnetic modulation to the ferromagnetic state. The suppression of the magnetic
order in CeSi_1.81 as function of temperature at ambient pressure and as
function of pressure at low temperature are in remarkable qualitative
agreement. The continuous suppression of the ordered moment at p ~ 13.1 kbar
suggests the existence of a ferromagnetic quantum critical point in this
material.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, to be published in Physical Review
Entwicklung, Erprobung, Umsetzung und Evaluation von Strategien in den Bereichen Tiergesundheit, Haltung, FĂŒtterung, Management in der ökologischen Ferkelerzeugung
Die ökologische Ferkelerzeugung weist hinsichtlich Tiergesundheit, LeistungsfĂ€higkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit groĂe Defizite auf. Die Ursachen sind komplex und betreffen u.a. FĂŒtterung, Haltung und Hygiene. FĂŒr diese Bereiche sollten durch Exakt- und Praxisversuche LösungsansĂ€tze entwickelt werden. Teilprojekte umfassten folgende Themen: Der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Raufutter in der FĂŒtterung tragender Sauen, die Wirkung einer Inulinzugabe sowie vom Extrudieren von Ackerbohnen in Sauen- und Ferkelfutter, die Bewertung alternativer Desinfektionsverfahren, ein Vergleich von Einzelhaltung versus kombinierte Einzel- und Gruppenhaltung sĂ€ugender Sauen sowie die Optimierung des Ferkelliegebereichs in der Ferkelaufzucht.
Zentrale Ergebnisse:
- Die verschiedenen Raufuttervarianten (Kleegrassilage, Heu, Maissilage, Topinamburknollen) hatten keine negativen Effekte auf Körperkonstitution und Reproduktionsleistungen der Sauen.
- Die Saugferkel der mit Inulin versorgten Sauen entwickelten sich gegenĂŒber der Kontrollgruppe wĂ€hrend der SĂ€ugezeit leistungsmĂ€Ăig besser, wĂ€hrend der Ferkelaufzucht gab es keine Leistungssteigerungen. Der Einsatz von getoasteten Ackerbohnen fĂŒhrte zu signifikant besseren Ferkelzunahmen gegenĂŒber dem Einsatz von extrudierten Ackerbohnen.
- Keines der getesteten alternativen Desinfektionsverfahren (HeiĂwasserdampf, elektroaktiviertes Wasser, Abflammen) ist eine Alternative zur chemischen Desinfektion bezĂŒglich Keimreduktion, Arbeitsaufwand und Kosten.
- GruppensĂ€ugen fĂŒhrt bei Sauen zu erhöhter AktivitĂ€t sowie zu spezifischen Verhaltensanpassungen. LeistungseinbuĂen konnten weder fĂŒr Sauen noch fĂŒr Ferkel dokumentiert werden. âGruppensĂ€ugenâ fĂŒhrt zu einem höheren Arbeitszeitbedarf und steigenden Baukosten.
- Der Liegebereich fĂŒr Aufzuchtferkel ist in vielen Betrieben nicht optimal und durch z. T. einfache MaĂnahmen (Abdichten des Liegenestes, WĂ€rmedĂ€mmung des Bodens, Bodenheizung, Anbringen einer weiteren WĂ€rmequelle) fĂŒr die Tiere zu verbessern
Pulmonary ORMDL3 is critical for induction of Alternaria -induced allergic airways disease
Genome-wide association studies have identified the ORM (yeast)-like protein isoform 3 (ORMDL3) gene locus on human chromosome 17q to be a highly significant risk factor for childhood-onset asthma.
Objective
We sought to investigate in vivo the functional role of ORMDL3 in disease inception.
Methods
An Ormdl3-deficient mouse was generated and the role of ORMDL3 in the generation of allergic airways disease to the fungal aeroallergen Alternaria alternata was determined. An adeno-associated viral vector was also used to reconstitute ORMDL3 expression in airway epithelial cells of Ormdl3 knockout mice.
Results
Ormdl3 knockout mice were found to be protected from developing allergic airways disease and showed a marked decrease in pathophysiology, including lung function and airway eosinophilia induced by Alternaria. Alternaria is a potent inducer of cellular stress and the unfolded protein response, and ORMDL3 was found to play a critical role in driving the activating transcription factor 6âmediated arm of this response through Xbp1 and downstream activation of the endoplasmic reticulumâassociated degradation pathway. In addition, ORMDL3 mediated uric acid release, another marker of cellular stress. In the knockout mice, reconstitution of Ormdl3 transcript levels specifically in the bronchial epithelium resulted in reinstatement of susceptibility to fungal allergenâinduced allergic airways disease.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that ORMDL3, an asthma susceptibility gene identified by genome-wide association studies, contributes to key pathways that promote changes in airway physiology during allergic immune responses
FashionBrain Project: A Vision for Understanding Europe's Fashion Data Universe
A core business in the fashion industry is the understanding and
prediction of customer needs and trends. Search engines and social
networks are at the same time a fundamental bridge and a costly
middleman between the customerâs purchase intention and the
retailer. To better exploit Europeâs distinctive characteristics e.g.,
multiple languages, fashion and cultural differences, it is pivotal to
reduce retailersâ dependence to search engines. This goal can be
achieved by harnessing various data channels (manufacturers and
distribution networks, online shops, large retailers, social media,
market observers, call centers, press/magazines etc.) that retailers
can leverage in order to gain more insight about potential buyers,
and on the industry trends as a whole. This can enable the creation
of novel on-line shopping experiences, the detection of influencers,
and the prediction of upcoming fashion trends.
In this paper, we provide an overview of the main research
challenges and an analysis of the most promising technological
solutions that we are investigating in the FashionBrain project
Platinum Group Metal-Doped Tungsten Phosphates for Selective C-H Activation of Lower Alkanes
Platinum group metal (PGM)-based catalysts are known to be highly active in the total combustion of lower hydrocarbons. However, through an alternative catalyst design reported in this paper by isolating PGM-based active sites in a tungsten phosphate matrix, we present a class of catalysts for selective oxidation of n-butane, propane, and propylene that do not contain Mo or V as redox-active elements. Two different catalyst concepts have been pursued. Concept A: isolating Ru-based active sites in a tungsten phosphate matrix coming upon as ReO3-type structure. Concept B: dilution of PGM-based active sites through the synthesis of X-ray amorphous Ru tungsten phosphates supported on SiO2. Using a high-throughput screening approach, model catalysts over a wide compositional range were evaluated for C3 and C4 partial oxidation. Bulk crystalline and supported XRD amorphous phases with similar Ru/W/P compositions showed comparable performance. Hence, for these materials, composition is more crucial than the degree of crystallinity. Further studies for optimization on second-generation supported systems revealed even better results. High selectivity for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride and propane oxidation to an acrolein/acrylic acid has been achieved
Electronic structure and nesting-driven enhancement of the RKKY interaction at the magnetic ordering propagation vector in Gd2PdSi3 and Tb2PdSi3
We present first-time measurements of the Fermi surface and low-energy
electronic structure of intermetallic compounds Gd2PdSi3 and Tb2PdSi3 by means
of angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). Both materials possess a
flower-like Fermi surface consisting of an electron barrel at the G point
surrounded by spindle-shaped electron pockets originating from the same band.
The band bottom of both features lies at 0.5 eV below the Fermi level. From the
experimentally measured band structure, we estimate the momentum-dependent RKKY
coupling strength and demonstrate that it is peaked at the 1/2 GK wave vector.
Comparison with neutron diffraction data from the same crystals shows perfect
agreement of this vector with the propagation vector of the low-temperature
in-plane magnetic order, thereby demonstrating the decisive role of the Fermi
surface geometry in explaining the complex magnetically ordered ground state of
ternary rare earth silicides.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
The Ku-binding motif is a conserved module for recruitment and stimulation of non-homologous end-joining proteins
The Ku-binding motif (KBM) is a short peptide module first identified in APLF that we now show is also present in Werner syndrome protein (WRN) and in Modulator of retrovirus infection homologue (MRI). We also identify a related but functionally distinct motif in XLF, WRN, MRI and PAXX, which we denote the XLF-like motif. We show that WRN possesses two KBMs; one at the N terminus next to the exonuclease domain and one at the C terminus next to an XLF-like motif. We reveal that the WRN C-terminal KBM and XLF-like motif function cooperatively to bind Ku complexes and that the N-terminal KBM mediates Ku-dependent stimulation of WRN exonuclease activity. We also show that WRN accelerates DSB repair by a mechanism requiring both KBMs, demonstrating the importance of WRN interaction with Ku. These data define a conserved family of KBMs that function as molecular tethers to recruit and/or stimulate enzymes during NHEJ
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