Influence of Ionophore Supplementation on Growth Performance, Dietary Energetics and Carcass Characteristics in Finishing Cattle during Period of Heat Stress.

Forty-eight crossbred heifers (378.1±18 kg) were used in a 56-d feeding trial (four pens per treatment in a randomised complete block design) to evaluate the influence of ionophore supplementation on growth performance, dietary energetics and carcass characteristics in finishing cattle during a period of heat stress. Heifers were fed a diet based on steam-flaked corn (2.22 Mcal NEm/kg) with and without an ionophore. Treatments were: i) control, no ionophore; ii) 30 mg/kg monensin sodium (RUM30); iii) 20 mg/kg lasalocid sodium (BOV20), and iv) 30 mg/kg lasalocid sodium (BOV30). Both dry matter intake (DMI) and climatic variables were measured daily and the temperature humidity index (THI) was estimated. The maximum THI during the study averaged 93, while the minimum was 70 (THI average = 79.2±2.3). Compared to controls, monensin supplementation did not influence average daily gain, the estimated NE value of the diet, or observed-to-expected DMI, but tended (p = 0.07) to increase (4.8%) gain to feed. Compared to controls, the group fed BOV30 increased (p≤0.03) daily gain (11.8%), gain to feed (8.3%), net energy of the diet (5%), and observed-to-expected DMI (5.2%). Daily weight gain was greater (7.6%, p = 0.05) for heifers fed BOV30 than for heifers fed MON30. Otherwise, differences between the two treatments in DMI, gain to feed, and dietary NE were not statistically significant (p>0.11). Plotting weekly intakes versus THI, observed intake of controls was greater (p<0.05) at THI values ≤77 than ionophore groups. When THI values were greater than 79, DMI of control and MON30 were not different (p = 0.42), although less than that of groups fed lasalocid (p = 0.04). Variation in energy intake was lower (p>0.05) in the ionophores group (CV = 1.7%) than in the control group (CV = 4.5%). Inclusion of ionophores in the diet resulted in relatively minor changes in carcass characteristics. It is concluded that ionophore supplementation did not exacerbate the decline of DM intake in heat-stressed cattle fed a high-energy finishing diet; on the contrary, it stabilised feed intake and favoured feed efficiency. Ionophore supplementation reduced estimated maintenance coefficients around 10% in finishing cattle during a period of heat stress. This effect was greatest for heifers supplemented with 30 mg lasalocid/kg of diet

Effects of Combining Feed Grade Urea and a Slow-release Urea Product on Performance, Dietary Energetics and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Lambs Fed Finishing Diets with Different Starch to Acid Detergent Fiber Ratios.

Recent findings have shown that microbial nitrogen flow and digestible energy of diets are increased when urea is combined with a slow-release urea (SRU) in diets with a starch to acid detergent fibre ratio (S:F) 4:1. This affect is attributable to enhanced synchrony between ruminal N availability for microbial growth and carbohydrate degradation. To verify the magnitude of this effects on lamb performance, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of combining urea and a SRU in diets containing S:F ratios of 3:1, 4:1, or 5:1 on performance, dietary energetics and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. For that, 40 Pelibuey×Katahdin lambs (36.65±3 kg) were assigned to one of five weight groupings in 20 pens (5 repetition/treatments). The S:F ratio in the diet was manipulated by partially replacing the corn grain and dried distiller's grain with solubles by forage (wheat straw) and soybean meal to reach S:F ratios of 3:1, 4:1 or 5:1. An additional treatment of 4:1 S:F ratio with 0.8% urea as the sole source of non-protein nitrogen was used as a reference for comparing the effect of urea combination vs. conventional urea at the same S:F ratio. There were no treatment effects on dry matter intake (DMI). Compared the urea combination vs urea at the same S:F ratio, urea combination increased (p<0.01) average daily gain (ADG, 18.3%), gain for feed (G:F, 9.5%), and apparent energy retention per unit DMI (8.2%). Irrespective of the S:F ratio, the urea combination improved the observed-to-expected dietary ratio and apparent retention per unit DMI was maximal (quadratic effect, p≤0.03) at an S:F ratio of 4:1, while the conventional urea treatment did not modify the observed-to-expected net energy ratio nor the apparent retention per unit DMI at 4:1 S:F ratio. Urea combination group tended (3.8%, p = 0.08) to have heavier carcasses with no effects on the rest of carcass characteristics. As S:F ratio increased, ADG, G:F, dietary net energy, carcass weight, dressing percentage and longissimus thoracis (LM) area increased linearly (p≤0.02). Combining urea and a slow-release urea product results in positive effects on growth performance and dietary energetics, but the best responses are apparently observed when there is a certain proportion (S:F ratio = 4:1) of starch to acid detergent fibre in the diet

Effects of Replacing Dry-rolled Corn with Increasing Levels of Corn Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles on Characteristics of Digestion, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Digestible Energy of Diet in Hair Lambs Fed High-concentrate Diets.

Four male lambs (Katahdin; average live weight 25.9±2.9 kg) with "T" type cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4×4 Latin square experiment to evaluate the influence of supplemental dry distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) levels (0, 10, 20 and 30%, dry matter basis) in substitution for dry-rolled (DR) corn on characteristics of digestive function and digestible energy (DE) of diet. Treatments did not influence ruminal pH. Substitution of DR corn with DDGS increased ruminal neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion (quadratic effect, p<0.01), but decreased ruminal organic matter (OM) digestion (linear effect, p<0.01). Replacing corn with DDGS increased (linear, p≤0.02) duodenal flow of lipids, NDF and feed N. But there were no treatment effects on flow to the small intestine of microbial nitrogen (MN) or microbial N efficiency. The estimated UIP value of DDGS was 44%. Postruminal digestion of OM, starch, lipids and nitrogen (N) were not affected by treatments. Total tract digestion of N increased (linear, p = 0.04) as the DDGS level increased, but DDGS substitution tended to decrease total tract digestion of OM (p = 0.06) and digestion of gross energy (p = 0.08). However, it did not affect the dietary digestible energy (DE, MJ/kg), reflecting the greater gross energy content of DDGS versus DR corn in the replacements. The comparative DE value of DDGS may be considered similar to the DE value of the DR corn it replaced up to 30% in the finishing diets fed to lambs

Twenty-four-hour, weekly and annual patterns in serious falls of non-institutionalized independent Spanish seniors.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to explore clock hour, day-of-week, and month-of-year patterns of serious falls experienced by non-institutionalized Spanish seniors (age ≥65 years) in relation to associated conventional intrinsic and extrinsic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Intake emergency department records from January 1 to December 31, 2013 of a tertiary hospital of southern Spain were abstracted for particulars of falls, including the time of occurrence, experienced specifically by non-institutionalized seniors. Chi-squares and Single and Multiple-Component Cosinor (time series) Analyses were applied to determine the statistical significance of observed 24-hour, 7-day, and annual variation. RESULTS: Falls were ~2.5-fold more numerous in older women than older men and ~7-fold more frequent between 12:00 and 14:00 hours than ~02:00 hours, respectively, the time spans corresponding to the absolute peak and trough of the 24-hour pattern in falls. The midday/early afternoon peak primarily represented incidents of women ≥75 years of age that occurred inside the home while walking, standing, or moving on stairs. A late evening less prominent excess of mostly inside-the-home incidents of women ≥75 years of age, largely due to fragility, slipping, stumbling, or tripping, was additionally detected. Cosinor Analysis substantiates statistical significance of the 24-hour patterning of falls of men and women (both p<0.001). Day-of-week differences, with prominent Thursday peak and Sunday minimum, were additionally detected, but only for falls of women occurring outside the home (Cosinor Analysis: p=0.007). Day-of-week discrepancy in female/male sex ratio (SR) of fallers was demonstrated, arising from day-of-week disparity in the SR of inside-the-home incidents, with ~4.5-fold more elderly women than elderly men falling Thursday than any other day of the week (p=0.005). Non-statistically significant month-of-year difference in falls, lowest in autumn and highest (~60% more) in winter, was observed and explained by prominent seasonal difference in incidents by elderly women. CONCLUSIONS: Serious falls of non-institutionalized independent seniors are characterized according to intrinsic and extrinsic factors by prominent 24-hour and 7-day patterning. These findings complement the understanding of the epidemiology of falls of the elderly and further inform fall prevention programs

Interdisciplinariedad: la necesidad de unificar un concepto

El propósito de este artículo es presentar una revisión sistemática sobre el concepto «interdisciplinariedad» y algunos términos afines. Para alcanzar el objetivo de este estudio se utilizó el método de la revisión integradora que examina, critica y sintetiza literatura representativa sobre un tema de forma articulada, de tal manera que permita identificar y comparar los principales hallazgos publicados y se generen nuevas perspectivas sobre este. En este artículo se ha trabajado una extensa diversidad teórica y literaria en torno al término «interdisciplinariedad» y cómo los autores e investigadores, en un intento de implementar su denominación, han proporcionado diversas definiciones, algunas semejantes, otras diferentes y, muchas de ellas, reiteradas. A partir de los elementos comunes encontrados en dichas definiciones, se logró una aproximación a la construcción de un concepto referido, en lo general, a la interdisciplinariedad como un proceso de integración disciplinar para solucionar problemas complejos. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v13i3.47

COVID-19 pandemic on coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases in Southern Spain: interrupted time series analysis

Objective: Healthcare systems have been put under intense pressure by the COVID-19 pandemic, although some studies have shown a decline in hospital admissions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases during the first and second wave of the pandemic. In addition, studies analyzing gender and procedural differences are scarce. The present study aimed to determine the impact of the pandemic on hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in Andalusia (Spain) and analyzed differences by gender and by percutaneous coronary interventions performed. Patients and methods: An interrupted time series analysis of AMI and CVD hospital admissions in Andalusia (Spain) was carried out to measure the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. AMI and CVD cases admitted daily in public hospitals of Andalusia between January 2018 and December 2020 were included. Results: During the pandemic, significant reductions in AMI [-19%; 95% confidence interval (CI): (-29%, -9%), p<0.001] and CVD [-17%; 95% CI: (-26%, -9%); p<0.01] in daily hospital admissions were observed. Differences were also produced according to the diagnosis (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, other AMI and stroke), with a greater reduction in females for AMI and in males for CVD. Although there were more percutaneous coronary interventions during the pandemic, no significant reductions were observed. Conclusions: A decline in AMI and CVD daily hospital admissions during the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic was noted. Gender differences were observed, but no clear impact was observed in percutaneous interventions

Estrés académico en universitarios y la práctica de ejercicio físico-deportivo

The objective of this article was to analyze academic stress in university students and its relationship with the practice of physical exercise or sport. The present investigation belongs to a descriptive cross-sectional and comparative study; where 102 university students participated. The instrument used to assess the level of academic stress was the Academic Stress Inventory. The results showed that the students who do NOT perform physical exercise or sport have significantly higher reactions of worried or stressed [F (1,100) = 4.767, p <.031]; women present significantly more academic stress, specifically in disturbing situations [F (1,100) = 4.818, p <.030]; and the students of the Human Motricity career show significantly more worried or stressed reactions [F (2.99) = 6.653, p <.002], than the other participating careers. Therefore, it is concluded that academic stress exists in university students, showing itself more frequently in students who belong to the Human Motor career or the health area; especially in those students who do not engage in physical activity or sports and that stressors usually appear in disturbing situations and in the reactions of worried or stressed; in excess of tasks and jobs; Teacher evaluations such as exams, essays, practices, research papers, among others.En el presente artículo se planteó como objetivo, analizar el estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios y su relación con la práctica de ejercicio físico o deporte. La presente investigación pertenece a un estudio descriptivo transversal y comparativo; donde participaron 102 estudiantes universitarios. El instrumento que se utilizó para evaluar el nivel de estrés académico fue el Inventario de Estrés Académico. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes que no realizan ejercicio físico o deporte presentan significativamente mayores reacciones de preocupado o estresado [F(1,100)= 4.767, p<.031]; las mujeres presentan significativamente mayor estrés académico, específicamente en situaciones inquietantes [F(1,100)= 4.818, p<.030] y los estudiantes de la carrera de Motricidad Humana presentan significativamente mayores reacciones de preocupados o estresados [F(2,99)= 6.653, p<.002] que las demás carreras participantes. Por lo que se concluye, que el estrés académico existe en los estudiantes universitarios, mostrándose con mayor frecuencia en los estudiantes que pertenecen a la carrera de Motricidad Humana o del área de salud; sobre todo en aquellos estudiantes que no realizan actividad física o deporte y que los estresores suelen presentarse en situaciones inquietantes y en las reacciones de preocupado o estresado; en el exceso de tareas y trabajos; evaluaciones de los profesores como los exámenes, ensayos, prácticas, trabajos de investigación, entre otros.En el presente artículo se planteó como objetivo, analizar el estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios y su relación con la práctica de ejercicio físico o deporte. La presente investigación pertenece a un estudio descriptivo transversal y comparativo; donde participaron 102 estudiantes universitarios. El instrumento que se utilizó para evaluar el nivel de estrés académico fue el Inventario de Estrés Académico. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes que no realizan ejercicio físico o deporte presentan significativamente mayores reacciones de preocupado o estresado [F(1,100)= 4.767, p<.031]; las mujeres presentan significativamente mayor estrés académico, específicamente en situaciones inquietantes [F(1,100)= 4.818, p<.030] y los estudiantes de la carrera de Motricidad Humana presentan significativamente mayores reacciones de preocupados o estresados [F(2,99)= 6.653, p<.002] que las demás carreras participantes. Por lo que se concluye, que el estrés académico existe en los estudiantes universitarios, mostrándose con mayor frecuencia en los estudiantes que pertenecen a la carrera de Motricidad Humana o del área de salud; sobre todo en aquellos estudiantes que no realizan actividad física o deporte y que los estresores suelen presentarse en situaciones inquietantes y en las reacciones de preocupado o estresado; en el exceso de tareas y trabajos; evaluaciones de los profesores como los exámenes, ensayos, prácticas, trabajos de investigación, entre otros

CHRONOFALLS: A multicentre nurse-led intervention in the chronoprevention of in-hospital falls in adults

Background: Falls are among the most common and serious adverse events for hospitalised patients. In-hospital falls pose a major medical and economic challenge for public health worldwide. Nevertheless, the issue is often addressed without regard to certain relevant variables such as the time of the fall. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the implementation of a nurse-led intervention based on the temporal patterns of falls and their aetiology on the occurrence of falls. Methods: A mixed-method research design was carried out in three phases: a) a longitudinal prospective study (audits, chronobiological analyses and implementation of a multicentre nurse-led intervention based on temporal patterns of falls); b) a retrospective study of fall records; and c) a qualitative study based on focus groups. The protocol was published in 2021. Results: A difference was observed in the number of fall records before and after the chronopreventive intervention (retrospective: 64.4% vs. 35.6%; p < 0,001). According to the interrupted series analysis, considering the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, a reduction in falls of 2.96% (95% CI 1.70%-4.17%) was observed. The concepts of falls, the COVID-19 pandemic and the causes of non-registration have emerged as categories for qualitative analysis. Conclusions: A multicentric nurse-led program based on tailored organisational, educational and behavioural chronopreventive measures seems to lead to a reduction in the number of in-hospital falls. The findings of the present study, highlighting the implementation of chronopreventive measures, can serve as a basis for future health policies

Perspectivas sobre Estándares Curriculares para Educación Física en México

Objective: To analyze the perspectives of focus groups on the use of curricular standards for physical education in basic education. Method: Teachers of basic education (n = 3), physical education (n = 3) and higher education (n = 3) participated, three curricular standards for physical education were selected, extracted from a documentary review for thematic analysis and generated different categories. Results: Main categories; 1) professional training of the physical educator, 2) training and certifying in-service teachers, 3) expected learning, didactic strategies and evaluation criteria, 4) quality of physical education. Conclusions: Functioning with curricular standards can be an opportunity to improve physical education; however, a joint effort is required between different educational sectors and society. In addition, it is necessary to create educational and public health policies to strengthen this subject and the training of physical educators.Objetivo: Analizar las perspectivas de grupos focales sobre el uso de estándares curriculares para la Educación Física en la enseñanza básica. Método: Participaron docentes de educación básica (n=3), Educación Física (n=3) y educación superior (n=3), se seleccionaron tres estándares curriculares para la Educación Física extraídos de una revisión documental para el análisis temático y se generaron diferentes categorías. Resultados: Principales categorías; 1) formación profesional del educador físico, 2) capacitación y certificación a los docentes en servicio, 3) aprendizajes esperados, estrategias didácticas y criterios de evaluación, 4) calidad de la Educación Física. Conclusiones: El trabajo con estándares curriculares puede ser una oportunidad para mejorar la Educación Física, sin embargo, se requiere de un esfuerzo conjunto entre los diferentes sectores educativos y de la sociedad. Además, es necesario crear políticas educativas y de salud pública para fortalecer esta asignatura, así como la formación de los educadores físicos.Objetivo: Analizar las perspectivas de grupos focales sobre el uso de estándares curriculares para la Educación Física en la enseñanza básica. Método: Participaron docentes de educación básica (n=3), Educación Física (n=3) y educación superior (n=3), se seleccionaron tres estándares curriculares para la Educación Física extraídos de una revisión documental para el análisis temático y se generaron diferentes categorías. Resultados: Principales categorías; 1) formación profesional del educador físico, 2) capacitación y certificación a los docentes en servicio, 3) aprendizajes esperados, estrategias didácticas y criterios de evaluación, 4) calidad de la Educación Física. Conclusiones: El trabajo con estándares curriculares puede ser una oportunidad para mejorar la Educación Física, sin embargo, se requiere de un esfuerzo conjunto entre los diferentes sectores educativos y de la sociedad. Además, es necesario crear políticas educativas y de salud pública para fortalecer esta asignatura, así como la formación de los educadores físicos