Central venous-catheter related bacteremia: incidence and risk factors in a hospital in western Mexico

AbstractBackgroundCentral venous catheters (CVC) are needed for monitoring and treatment of critically ill patients; however, their use increases the risk of bacteremia. The aim of the study was to quantify the incidence of central venous catheter-related bacteremia (CVCRB) and to identify factors associated with this infection.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in a concentration hospital of western Mexico. The association of CVCRB and study variables was investigated using multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsTwo hundred and four patients with CVC were studied. The mean age was 4.6 years; 66.2% were male. Insertion sites of the catheters were subclavian vein 72.5% (n = 148), jugular vein 20.1% (n = 41) and femoral vein 7.4% (n = 15). CVCRB incidence was 6.5 events/1,000 catheter-days; microorganisms identified were gram-positive cocci 37.5% (n = 6), gram-negative bacilli 37.5% (n = 6) and Candida albicans 25% (n = 4). It was observed that the increase in catheter manipulations per day was associated with bacteremia (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.23), whereas the use of intravenous antibiotics showed a protective effect (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76–0.92).ConclusionsIn addition to the strategies of maximum caution when placing or manipulating the catheter, we recommend decreasing, as much as possible, disconnects between the CVC and the infusion line. Antibiotics showed a protective effect, but the outcome is uncertain and the promotion of antimicrobial resistance should be considered

Efecto de Beauveria bassiana sobre la mosca Anastrepha sp. y larvas del cogollero Spodoptera frugiperda en condiciones de laboratorio

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue evaluar el efecto entomopatógeno de Beauveria bassiana sobre la mosca de fruta Anastrepha sp. recolectada de huertos del Distrito de Simbal y sobre el gusano cogollero del maíz Spodoptera frugiperda extraído del campo de cultivo de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Se preparó PDA (Agar Papa Dextrosa) como medio de cultivo para el crecimiento de Beauveria bassiana. Para comprobar la patogenicidad de este hongo sobre las larvas de Spodoptera frugiperda se utilizaron seis placas de Petri con PDA colocándose una larva en cada una y posteriormente se inocularon las esporas del hongo sobre la superficie de éstas, observándose, luego de un proceso de incubación bajo condiciones de temperatura y humedad controlada, la formación de micelio blanco, comprobándose de esta manera el efecto insecticida de Beauveria bassiana; el mismo procedimiento se llevó a cabo para la evaluación de la patogenicidad en la  mosca de la fruta Anastrepha sp. Se demostró que Beauveria bassiana es una alternativa clave para el manejo integrado de plagas, siendo de gran ayuda para reducir las pérdidas de los cultivos y por lo tanto puede ser utilizado para amortiguar el efecto de insecticidas químicos en el medio ambiente.Palabras clave: Maíz, B. bassiana, S. frugiperda, Anastrepha sp., entomopatógeno

Pelvimetry by Reformatted Computed Tomography in 290 Female Pelvis: Morphometric Variations Regarding Age

The Mexican government passed a new reform of article 11 of the General Law in 2014 regarding Women's Access to a Life Free of Violence, which states that a cesarean section may not be performed if a vaginal birth is viable. Cesarean sections are excessively indicated in Northen Mexico, using the diagnosis of cephalopelvic disproportion due to a narrow pelvis. Currently, there is no standardized morphometry of the female pelvis in a Mexican population to establish adequate diagnostic parameter. Our study measures the pelvic diameters of the birth canal using abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT). Two hundred and ninety CT from Mexican women between the ages of 18 and 50 were collected and 3D reformatted in order to morphologically measure the pelvic diameters of clinical relevance. Measurements were conducted by two diagnostic imaging specialists. The mean and standard deviation of the measured diameters were: anatomical conjugate diameter (ACD) 11.65±0.99 cm, the obstetric conjugate diameter (OCD) 11.73±0.98 cm, diagonal conjugate diameter (DCD) 12.49±0.98 cm and Interspinous distance (ISD) 10.41±0.78 cm. Significant differences were found in all four mean diameters in between the 20–29 age groups versus the >40, as well as between the 30–39 groups versus the >40. Our study shows that as Mexican women get older, the mean pelvic diameters become narrower

Case Report: Characterization of known (c.607G>C) and novel (c.416C>G) ELANE mutations in two Mexican families with congenital neutropenia

The most common causes of congenital neutropenia are mutations in the ELANE (Elastase, Neutrophil Expressed) gene (19p13.3), mostly in exon 5 and the distal portion of exon 4, which result in different clinical phenotypes of neutropenia. Here, we report two pathogenic mutations in ELANE, namely, c.607G>C (p.Gly203Arg) and a novel variant c.416C>G (p.Pro139Arg), found in two Mexican families ascertained via patients with congenital neutropenia who responded positively to the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. These findings highlight the usefulness of identifying variants in patients with inborn errors of immunity for early clinical management and the need to rule out mosaicism in noncarrier parents with more than one case in the family

Bacteriemia relacionada con catéter venoso central: incidencia y factores de riesgo en un hospital del occidente de México

Introducción: El catéter venoso central (CVC) es necesario para la monitorización y tratamiento de pacientes en estado crítico; sin embargo, su uso incrementa el riesgo de bacteriemia. El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar la incidencia de bacteriemia relacionada con catéter venoso central (BRCVC) e identificar los factores asociados con esta infección. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo en un hospital de concentración del occidente de México. Para conocer la asociación entre BRCVC y las variables en estudio, se realizó un análisis multivariado con regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se estudiaron 204 pacientes con CVC. La edad promedio fue de 4.6 años; el 66.2% fue del sexo masculino. Los sitios de inserción del catéter fueron la vena subclavia (72.5%, n = 148), la vena yugular (20.1%, n = 41) o la vena femoral (7.4%, n = 15). La incidencia de BRCVC fue de 6.5 eventos por 1,000 días catéter. Los microorganismos identificados fueron cocos Gram positivos (37.5%, n = 6), bacilos Gram negativos (37.5%, n = 6) y Candida albicans (25%, n = 4). Se observó que la mayor manipulación del catéter por día se asoció con bacteriemia (HR 1.14, IC95% 1.06-1.23), mientras que el uso de antibióticos intravenosos mostró un efecto protector (HR 0.84, IC95% 0.76-0.92). Conclusiones: Además de las medidas máximas de precaución al momento de colocar o manipular el catéter, es conveniente disminuir lo más posible las desconexiones entre el equipo de venoclisis y el CVC. Los antibióticos mostraron un efecto protector; sin embargo, se debe considerar el riesgo de favorecer resistencias antimicrobianas

Clavigero. Comunidad de saberes, núm 7: Las infancias: complejidades en el ejercicio de sus derechos humanos

Cómo se vive la infancia en Jalisco es una pregunta compleja, y más considerando el enorme vacío de información que hay al respecto y la multiplicidad de factores que se combinan de las actuaciones del estado, las asociaciones civiles, la ciudadanía y las familias. En este número se ofrecen artículos que abordan derechos como la educación, la inclusión social, el derecho a la felicidad; otros se enfocan en grupos sociales infantiles, como los que viven en situación de calle, los que trabajan y los que viven en albergues. En las páginas centrales se ofrece información sobre situaciones en las que se violentan todos los derechos humanos y que han sido mantenidas en el silencio

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data