El teatro de urgencia en la ciudad de Murcia: "Dos de artes gráficas", una obra de Joaquín Soto Barrera

El artículo analiza una obra de teatro de urgencia publicada en Murcia, en el periódico Nuestra Lucha en enero de 1938. Su autor fue el entonces Redactor Jefe de ese periódico, Joaquín Soto Barrera. La obra, fiel a las características del denominado teatro de urgencia o circunstancias, estuvo a punto de ser representada en los escenarios de la región, aunque no hay noticias de que llegase a escenificarse. Representada o no, su difusión en el periódico lograría sin duda los objetivos que motivaron este tipo de teatro encuadrado en el contexto de la guerra. This paper analyzes a play of “teatro de urgencia” published in Murcia, in the newspaper Nuestra Lucha in January, 1938. The author was the Editor at the time of this newspaper, Joaquín Soto Barrera. The play, which shows the characteristics of the theatre called of “urgencia” or circumstances, was on the verge of being represented in the stages of Murcia, though there is no news from which it finally was represented. Represented or not, its diffusion in the newspaper would achieve undoubtedly the aims that motivated this type of theatre fitted in the context of the war

Directed Random Markets: Connectivity determines Money

Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution arises as the statistical equilibrium probability distribution of money among the agents of a closed economic system where random and undirected exchanges are allowed. When considering a model with uniform savings in the exchanges, the final distribution is close to the gamma family. In this work, we implement these exchange rules on networks and we find that these stationary probability distributions are robust and they are not affected by the topology of the underlying network. We introduce a new family of interactions: random but directed ones. In this case, it is found the topology to be determinant and the mean money per economic agent is related to the degree of the node representing the agent in the network. The relation between the mean money per economic agent and its degree is shown to be linear.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Development of organic fertilizers from food market waste and urban gardening by composting in Ecuador

Currently, the management of urban waste streams in developing countries is not optimized yet, and in many cases these wastes are disposed untreated in open dumps. This fact causes serious environmental and health problems due to the presence of contaminants and pathogens. Frequently, the use of specific low-cost strategies reduces the total amount of wastes. These strategies are mainly associated to the identification, separate collection and composting of specific organic waste streams, such as vegetable and fruit refuses from food markets and urban gardening activities. Concretely, in the Chimborazo Region (Ecuador), more than 80% of municipal solid waste is dumped into environment due to the lack of an efficient waste management strategy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a demonstration project at field scale in this region to evaluate the feasibility of implanting the composting technology not only for the management of the organic waste fluxes from food market and gardening activities to be scaled-up in other developing regions, but also to obtain an end-product with a commercial value as organic fertilizer. Three co-composting mixtures were prepared using market wastes mixed with pruning of trees and ornamental palms as bulking agents. Two piles were created using different proportions of market waste and prunings of trees and ornamental palms: pile 1 (50:33:17) with a C/N ratio 25; pile 2: (60:30:10) with C/N ratio 24 and pile 3 (75:0:25) with C/N ratio 33), prepared with market waste and prunings of ornamental palm. Throughout the process, the temperature of the mixtures was monitored and organic matter evolution was determined using thermogravimetric and chemical techniques. Additionally, physico-chemical, chemical and agronomic parameters were determined to evaluate compost quality. The results obtained indicated that all the piles showed a suitable development of the composting process, with a significant organic matter decomposition, reached in a shorter period of time in pile 3. At the end of the process, all the composts showed absence of phytotoxicity and suitable agronomic properties for their use as organic fertilizers. This reflects the viability of the proposed alternative to be scaled-up in developing areas, not only to manage and recycle urban waste fluxes, but also to obtain organic fertilizers, including added value in economic terms related to nutrient contents.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version