4 research outputs found

    Yatichiriru Yaticha帽a Aymara Aru Kamachi = Gram谩tica pedag贸gica Aimara

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    Esta gram谩tica, al igual que el manual de escritura (que incluye las orientaciones para el uso del alfabeto), permite a los y las docentes de EIB conocer m谩s su lengua originaria, tener a mano normas de escritura consensuadas y avanzar en la construcci贸n de estilos escritos que se vayan estandarizando por acci贸n de los hablantes de esta lengua originaria. Todo esto es necesario para desarrollar la propuesta pedag贸gica de educaci贸n intercultural biling眉e y promover competencias comunicativas en la lengua originaria. Esta publicaci贸n fue elaborada por ling眉istas expertos en el estudio de la gram谩tica de esta lengua originaria y docentes biling眉es que hablan y escriben competentemente en dicha lengua. Una primera versi贸n acabada de esta gram谩tica fue presentada a sabias y sabios, representantes de organizaciones ind铆genas, especialistas de educaci贸n intercultural biling眉e, para recoger sus sugerencias y observaciones que permitieron realizar la validaci贸n del material

    Aruskipawinaka 4 : cuaderno de trabajo - Comunicaci贸n 4 - Aimara

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    Contiene actividades que apoyan el desarrollo de competencias del 谩rea de Comunicaci贸n a partir de situaciones de aprendizaje vinculados a las actividades del calendario socio-productivo de la comunidad, usando la lengua materna de los estudiantes como instrumento de aprendizaje y mejora la relaci贸n asertiva

    Yatichiriru Yaticha帽a Aymara Aru Kamachi = Gram谩tica pedag贸gica Aimara

    No full text
    Esta gram谩tica, al igual que el manual de escritura (que incluye las orientaciones para el uso del alfabeto), permite a los y las docentes de EIB conocer m谩s su lengua originaria, tener a mano normas de escritura consensuadas y avanzar en la construcci贸n de estilos escritos que se vayan estandarizando por acci贸n de los hablantes de esta lengua originaria. Todo esto es necesario para desarrollar la propuesta pedag贸gica de educaci贸n intercultural biling眉e y promover competencias comunicativas en la lengua originaria. Esta publicaci贸n fue elaborada por ling眉istas expertos en el estudio de la gram谩tica de esta lengua originaria y docentes biling眉es que hablan y escriben competentemente en dicha lengua. Una primera versi贸n acabada de esta gram谩tica fue presentada a sabias y sabios, representantes de organizaciones ind铆genas, especialistas de educaci贸n intercultural biling眉e, para recoger sus sugerencias y observaciones que permitieron realizar la validaci贸n del material

    Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules (THYCOVID): a retrospective, international, multicentre, cross-sectional study

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    Background: Since its outbreak in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources from non-urgent and elective procedures, leading to diagnosis and treatment delays, with an increased number of neoplasms at advanced stages worldwide. The aims of this study were to quantify the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to evaluate whether delays in surgery led to an increased occurrence of aggressive tumours. Methods: In this retrospective, international, cross-sectional study, centres were invited to participate in June 22, 2022; each centre joining the study was asked to provide data from medical records on all surgical thyroidectomies consecutively performed from Jan 1, 2019, to Dec 31, 2021. Patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules were divided into three groups according to when they underwent surgery: from Jan 1, 2019, to Feb 29, 2020 (global prepandemic phase), from March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021 (pandemic escalation phase), and from June 1 to Dec 31, 2021 (pandemic decrease phase). The main outcomes were, for each phase, the number of surgeries for indeterminate thyroid nodules, and in patients with a postoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancers, the occurrence of tumours larger than 10 mm, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastases, vascular invasion, distant metastases, and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence. Univariate analysis was used to compare the probability of aggressive thyroid features between the first and third study phases. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05178186. Findings: Data from 157 centres (n=49 countries) on 87 467 patients who underwent surgery for benign and malignant thyroid disease were collected, of whom 22 974 patients (18 052 [78路6%] female patients and 4922 [21路4%] male patients) received surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules. We observed a significant reduction in surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the pandemic escalation phase (median monthly surgeries per centre, 1路4 [IQR 0路6-3路4]) compared with the prepandemic phase (2路0 [0路9-3路7]; p<0路0001) and pandemic decrease phase (2路3 [1路0-5路0]; p<0路0001). Compared with the prepandemic phase, in the pandemic decrease phase we observed an increased occurrence of thyroid tumours larger than 10 mm (2554 [69路0%] of 3704 vs 1515 [71路5%] of 2119; OR 1路1 [95% CI 1路0-1路3]; p=0路042), lymph node metastases (343 [9路3%] vs 264 [12路5%]; OR 1路4 [1路2-1路7]; p=0路0001), and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence (203 [5路7%] of 3584 vs 155 [7路7%] of 2006; OR 1路4 [1路1-1路7]; p=0路0039). Interpretation: Our study suggests that the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic period could have led to an increased occurrence of aggressive thyroid tumours. However, other compelling hypotheses, including increased selection of patients with aggressive malignancies during this period, should be considered. We suggest that surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules should no longer be postponed even in future instances of pandemic escalation. Funding: None
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