Estudio de secado por aspersión de extractos de Plectranthus amboinicus, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Passiflora incarnata, Matricaria recutita y Melissa officinalis [Spray drying study of Plectranthus amboinicus, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Passiflora incarnata, Matricar

La utilización de los extractos secos, se difunde cada vez más en la industria Farmacéutica para la elaboración de diferentes formas terminadas demedicamentos. Para su obtención en forma de polvo, se emplea el secado por aspersión. Este método, proporciona además a este tipo de producto, numerosasventajas frente a los convencionales extractos fluidos y tinturas, como la de no contener alcohol etílico, fácil almacenamiento, manipulación, transportación ysuperior estabilidad. El escalado de las operaciones unitarias en los diferentes niveles que preceden al industrial, permite estudiar el comportamiento de losproductos y procesos, evitando la pérdida de recursos que se ocasiona cuando se violan las escalas intermedias. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados delos estudios de secado por aspersión de extractos de Plectranthus amboinicus, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Passiflora incarnata, Matricaria recutita y Melissaofficinalis, así como la factibilidad de ser escalados, obteniéndose productos de adecuada calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica

Dexamethasone-Loaded Chitosan Beads Coated with a pH-Dependent Interpolymer Complex for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery

Chitosan (CS) microparticles loaded with dexamethasone were prepared by spray drying, followed by coating with a pH-dependent interpolymer complex based on poly(acrylic acid)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) using an water-in-oil emulsion technique. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of PAA/PVP coating on the release of dexamethasone from loaded chitosan microparticles, in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH=1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH=6.8). The release of dexamethasone from uncoated loaded CS microparticles was similar in both fluids, and almost complete release of the drug was achieved in 5 hours. In the coated loaded CS microparticles, the release of dexamethasone in SGF was reduced considerably, very close to zero, due to the interpolymer complex formation at low pH, demonstrating that this system applied as pH-dependent coating has a potential as a site-specific delivery system

Obtention of pharmaceutical quality raw material from Justice pectoralis Jacq. Extracts, by spray dried

Justicia pectoralis Jacq.(Acántaceas) ha sido tradicionalmente empleada por la población cubana, por sus propiedades sedativas. Para obtener una materia prima de calidad farmacéutica en forma de polvo seco a partir de extractos hidroalcohólicos al 30% de esta especie se ha desarrolado un proceso de secado por aspersión ("spray-dried"). Fueron desarrollados estudios de estabilidad y farmacológicos del material obtenido. Los resultados del estudio de estabilidad muestran que estamos en presencia de una materia prima de calidad farmacéutica, con características altamente higroscópicas, la cual se afecta significativamente por la luz y el calor. Los ensayos farmacológicos realizados con el extracto seco obtenido mediante la tecnología propuesta y administrado por vía oral resultó tener actividad sedante dosis dependiente en el modelo de agresividad inducida en animales aislados y la actividad exploratoria a las dosis de 5, 20 y 80 mg /kg de peso corporal. Por otro lado, se pudo observar un efecto dosis dependiente en la prolongación del sueño barbitúrico al administrarse el extracto seco a los diferentes grupos experimentales. Todos estos resultados confirman que el efecto sedante del material estudiado no se afecta por el proceso tecnológico desarrollado.Justicia pectoralis Jacq.(Acanthaceae) is an herbaceous plant which has been traditionally used by the Cuban peoples due to it's sedative properties. To obtain a pharmaceutical quality raw material in dried extract form, 30% hydroalcoholic extracts of Justicia pectoralis were spray-dried and stability and pharmacological studies were carried out. Results showed that the developed technology was right to obtain a pharmaceutical quality raw material, which presents the characteristic of being highly hygroscopic, being affected by light and heat. Pharmacological assays carried out with the dried extract obtained and administered orally showed sedative activity in a dose dependent pattern in induced aggressiveness in isolated animals model and the exploratory activity model in doses of 5, 20 and 80 mg /kg of corporal weight. It was also observed a dosdependent effect in the barbiturate induced dream model when the dry extract was applied. All these results confirm that the sedative effect of the studied material was not affected by the technological process developed.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Spray-dried didanosine-loaded polymeric particles for enhanced oral bioavailability

Didanosine (ddI) is a water-soluble antiretroviral used in the treatment of HIV that undergoes fast gastric degradation to an inactive hypoxanthine. Therefore, its oral bioavailability is relatively low (20–40%). In this work, we investigated for the first time a scalable open-loop spray-drying method with co-current flow for the encapsulation of ddI (model drug) within particles of the biocompatible polyester poly(epsilon-caprolactone). The average diameter of the particles was 36–118 μm and the morphology spherical. The encapsulation efficiency ranged from 60% to 100% with yields of up to 65%. ATR/FT-IR analysis indicated that most of the drug was encapsulated within the particles. In vitro release assays showed that the particles released the drug within 120 min. Finally, oral administration to rats led to a statistically significant 2.5-fold increase of the bioavailability with respect to a ddI aqueous solution, highlighting the potential of this technology to encapsulate efficiently other hydrophilic antiretrovirals and, by doing so, to overcome different biopharmaceutical drawbacks associated with the oral administration.Fil: Seremeta, Katia Pamela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Reyes Tur, María I.. AICA Laboratories; CubaFil: Martínez Pérez, Sandra. LIORAD Laboratories; CubaFil: Höcht, Christian. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Taira, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: López Hernández, Orestes D.. Ambato Technical University. Faculty of Food Science and Engineering; EcuadorFil: Sosnik, Alejandro Dario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Israe

Influence of the microencapsulation process on the pharmacological effect of Cucurbita pepo L. seed lipids

Las semillas de Cucurbita pepo L., por su elevado porcentaje de aceite fijo, son ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, fitoesteroles, tocoferoles y carotenoides, empleándose tradicionalmente como antiinflamatorio en el tratamiento de la hiperplasia benigna prostática. La microencapsulación mediante secado por aspersión del extracto lipídico de las semillas de Cucurbita pepo L., empleando polímeros naturales modifica el estado de agregación del extracto, permitiendo así presentarlo en forma sólida para elaborar tabletas o cápsulas. La microencapsulación le confiere una mayor biodisponibilidad, lográndose un efecto antiinflamatorio con dosis inferiores al extracto lipídico sin microencapsular originado por el alto grado de dispersión que le confiere el proceso de microencapsulación.Most fixed oil of Cucurbita pepo L. seeds is composed by polyunsaturated fatty acids, fitoesterols, tocoferols and carotenoids, and is traditionally used as anti-inflammatory in the treatment of the benign prostatic hyperplasia. The microencapsulation by spray drying of the Cucurbita pepo L. seeds lipidic extract, using natural polymers, modifies the state of aggregation of the extract, allowing this way to present it in solid form to elaborate tablets or capsules. The microencapsulation generates a higher bioavailability, being achieved an anti-inflammatory effect with minor dose to the non microencapsulated lipidic extract, owed to the high dispersion degree that produces the microencapsulation processes.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

100 años investigando el mar. El IEO en su centenario (1914-2014).

Se trata de un libro que pretende divulgar a la sociedad las principales investigaciones multidisciplinares llevadas a cabo por el Instituto Español de Oceanografía durante su primer siglo de vida, y dar a conocer la historia del organismo, de su Sede Central y de los nueve centros oceanográficos repartidos por los litorales mediterráneo y atlántico, en la península y archipiélagos.Kongsberg 200Postprin

Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2