The i* framework for goal-oriented modeling

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39417-6i* is a widespread framework in the software engineering field that supports goal-oriented modeling of socio-technical systems and organizations. At its heart lies a language offering concepts such as actor, dependency, goal and decomposition. i* models resemble a network of interconnected, autonomous, collaborative and dependable strategic actors. Around this language, several analysis techniques have emerged, e.g. goal satisfaction analysis and metrics computation. In this work, we present a consolidated version of the i* language based on the most adopted versions of the language. We define the main constructs of the language and we articulate them in the form of a metamodel. Then, we implement this version and a concrete technique, goal satisfaction analys is based on goal propagation, using ADOxx. Throughout the chapter, we used an example based on open source software adoption to illustrate the concepts and test the implementation.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Applying business strategy models in organizations

Increasing adoption of Open Source Software (OSS) in information system engineering has led to the emergence of different OSS business strate-gies that affect and shape organizations’ business models. In order to obtain the specific organizational model for a concrete organization that is adhering to a specific OSS business strategy, we need to instantiate the general knowledge included in this business strategy. This paper describe the process in which this general knowledge is instantiated and define a set of operations over i* models to implement the instantiation concept. Although conceived in the field of OSS, the approach is generalizable to any kind of business strategy.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Algebraic definition of iStar2.0 models

iStar2.0 was delivered in 2016 with the intention of becoming a standard de facto for the i* community. It includes a lightweight definition of the language adorned with a metamodel (in the form of a UML class diagram) that is useful for most purposes. However, in some contexts, a more precise algebraic definition including a notion of satisfaction is needed. This paper presents such elements. First, an algebraic definition of iStar2.0. Then, some auxiliary operations. Last, the notion of satisfaction over i* models using first order logic. Satisfaction is still defined mainly in a syntactic form, relying upon the satisfaction of the individual intentional elements comprising the model.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

HiME: Hierarchical i* Modeling Editor

In this paper, we present HiME, a tool for editing i* models. The distinguishing characteristic of HiME is its ability to deal with inheritance. It includes specific operations for declaring an actor as heir of another and then stating the relationships between the intentional elements of both actors.Peer ReviewedPostprint (updated version

Specialization in the iStar2.0 language

iStar2.0 has been proposed as a standard language for building goal- and agent-oriented models. It is an evolution of the former i* language, with the purpose of homogenising existing syntactical and semantic variations of basic i* constructs that researchers in the field introduced along the years. In its first version (2016), iStar2.0 was intentionally kept simple, and some constructs were merely introduced but not formally defined. One of them is the notion of specialization. The specialization relationship is offered by iStar2.0 through the is-a construct defined over actors (subactor x is-a superactor y). Although the overall meaning of this construct is highly intuitive, its semantics when it comes to the fine-grained level of the models is not defined in the standard. In this paper we provide a formal definition of the specialization relationship ready to be incorporated into a next release of the iStar2.0 standard language. We root our proposal over existing work on conceptual modeling in general, and object-orientation in particular. Also, we use the results of a survey that provides some hints about what definition do iStar2.0 modelers expect from specialization. As a consequence of this twofold analysis, we identify, define and specify a set of specialization operations that can be applied over iStar2.0 models. Correctness conditions for them are also formally stated. The result of our work is a formal proposal of specialization for iStar2.0 that allows its use in a well-defined manner and contributes to its standardization.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Specialization in i* strategic rationale diagrams

ER 2012 Best Student Paper AwardThe specialization relationship is offered by the i* modeling language through the is-a construct defined over actors (a subactor is-a superactor). Although the overall meaning of this construct is highly intuitive, its semantics when it comes to the fine-grained level of strategic rationale (SR) diagrams is not defined, hampering seriously its appropriate use. In this paper we provide a formal definition of the specialization relationship at the level of i* SR diagrams. We root our proposal over existing work in conceptual modeling in general, and object-orientation in particular. Also, we use the results of a survey conducted in the i* community that provides some hints about what i* modelers expect from specialization. As a consequence of this twofold analysis, we identify, define and specify two specialization operations, extension and refinement, that can be applied over SR diagrams. Correctness conditions for them are also clearly stated. The result of our work is a formal proposal of specialization for i* that allows its use in a well-defined mannerPeer ReviewedAward-winningPostprint (author’s final draft

Model interchange and tool interoperability in the i* framework: a proof of concept

Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Definition and uses of the i* metamodel

The clear definition of a metamodel can be considered helpful for any conceptual modeling approach, and the i* framework is not an exception. Agreeing on a metamodel for i* can be considered even more convenient than ever when we are aware of the different dialects and variations that the commu-nity proposed, and keep proposing, over the seminal i* definition. In this paper we present the revised version of the i* metamodel proposed by the GESSI re-search group at 2005 and we report some current contexts of use: 1) definition of a data interchange format; 2) definition of the inheritance construct; 3) defi-nition of a modularity construct; and 4) definition of a metrics framework.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Tool interoperability using iStarML

iStarML is an XML-based format for enabling interoperability among i* tools. Its main design focus was to support data interchange even when involved tools implement different i* variants. In this paper, we present a summary of the format, we briefly describe the ccistarml Java library, and we show an application of it. We finally summarize the requirements for representing new i* concepts in order to generate a revised version of iStarML.Postprint (published version

Prevalencia del riesgo nutricional en pacientes adultos con COVID - 19 hospitalizados en un hospital público de Lima, 2021.

Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia del riesgo nutricional en pacientes adultos con Covid - 19 hospitalizados en un Hospital público de Lima, 2021. Material y métodos: se hizo una investigación con un enfoque de tipo descriptivo, cuantitativo y retrospectivo. La población fueron los pacientes en el servicio de emergencia en un Hospital público de Lima, durante el periodo de setiembre a diciembre del 2021, cumpliendo con el criterios de selección como mujeres y hombres mayores de 18 años, realizándose un muestreo por conveniencia, no probabilístico. La técnica de recolección de datos fueron las fichas, las historias clínicas de los pacientes. Resultados: De los 207 pacientes investigados se encuentra con riesgo nutricional ( =3 puntos) un 66,18%; de acuerdo a la edad por grupos etarios con mayor porcentaje, el 51,21% fueron de 30 a 59 años y el 29,95% los = de 60 años; de acuerdo al sexo el 57,97% de ellos fueron masculino. En cuanto a los antecedentes de enfermedades que se presentaron con un mayor porcentaje fueron 28,50% en diabetes mellitus 2; 5,80% tanto para la hipertensión arterial y la tuberculosis. De acuerdo al número de enfermedades en los pacientes que se presentaron con mayor porcentaje, el 48.79% mostraron presencia de una enfermedad; mientras que el tiempo de hospitalización en los pacientes se tuvo una media de 15 días. Conclusiones: El porcentaje de riesgo nutricional en los pacientes adultos que presenta Covid - 19 hospitalizados fue de 66.18% siendo este alto