Reaction time on fencing and karate high level athletes

The great speed of the actions in combat sports makes very difficult to react quickJy without mistakes. If the fighter had longer time to react, their reaction would be more accurate. This fact gives relevance to choice lime reaction (CRT) studies on these kinds of sports. The importance of the athletes1 physical or psychological abilities varies depending on the sporl played. According to the requirements of the speciality, players who reach Ihe maximum level will be those who have the characteristics requested to compete on it. These abilities could be innate or "life-long" acquired by training. Previous studies have not confirmed yet in which sports reaction time is more important, in addition, previous measurements should be considered with caution because some of Ihem included movement time in the reaction time results (Martmez de Quel, 2003). An approach to gel further knowledge about this subject, it is comparing the results of e\perts in two or more disciplines with unspecific tests, in which previous sport experience is not required in order to perform the lest

Efecto de una exposición aguda a una estimulación neuromuscular mecánica en el tiempo de respuesta electiva a pie parado en tiradores de esgrima

En este trabajo se aplicó un protocolo de exposición aguda a las vibraciones en competidores de esgrima de nivel nacional, para analizar el efecto producido sobre el sistema neuromuscular en el tiempo de respuesta electiva

El uso de la información visual en situaciones de limitación temporal en deportistas de élite de taekwondo

El objetivo de esta investigación fue profundizar en el conocimiento de la percepción visual de taekwondistas expertos y determinar si esta percepción varía en función de la limitación temporal a la que son expuesto

Analysis of the rear leg rotation movement during the fencing lunge

The most relevant aulhois of fencing agree on the extension of the rear leg's knee from the on guard position, which is the ona thai provides ihe real speed to the lunge, and the extension of the arm only serves to drive the points towards the target. All the authors coincide thai it is important to keep the whole sole of the rear Foot supported on the Boor, keeping the same direction and without sliding it during the movernent, being the only one support that assures a really fast and balanced lunge, allowing the return to the on guard position or to continue towards ahead. Nevertheless, in a competition it may be observed that there are just a few fencers that keep the position of the feet in 90° angle during the lunge, as proposed in the fencing books. From this situation, we try to know if the rotation movement of the rear leg improve the speed of the Mass Centre and the weapon

Validity and reliability of AMPET Greek versión: a first examination of learning motivation in Greek PE settings

Validity and reliability of AMPET Greek versión: a first examination of learning motivation in Greek PE setting

The nutritional strategy of European rabbits is affected by age and sex: Females eat more and have better nutrient optimisation

[EN] The ecological interest in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has grown since it was declared an endangered species. Nutrition is fundamental in its dispersion and the key to its success. This is the main reason why knowledge of their nutritional preferences/requirements could play a fundamental role in rabbit biology and, therefore, in their conservation. The objectives of the work will be to elucidate how age and sex affect both nutritional preferences/requirements, and the nutrient optimisation of European rabbits. To address this gap, 70 wild European rabbits were studied. The rabbits were divided according to their age: adult (n = 43) and young (n = 27). Two groups were differentiated according to the adult rabbits' sex: females (n = 28) and males (n = 15). We analysed the relative (%) and absolute (g) chemical composition of the rabbits' gastric contents: dry matter (DM), ashes (ASH), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and lignin, hemicelluloses and celluloses, highly digestible nonnitrogenous nutrients (HDNN: fat, starch, and soluble fibre), well from the blood was analysed with plasmatic urea nitrogen (PUN), nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and glucose (GLU). As a nutrient optimisation measure, the following indices between blood metabolites and stomach content were calculated: PUN/CP total content, NEFA/DM total content and GLU/DM total content ratios. Our works showed that age and sex affected the nutritional strategy of rabbits. Regarding age: adults showed lower CP (-14%; p = 0.0217) and higher HDNN (+21%; p = 0.0399) relative content than young rabbits, and absolute amount of most nutrients: DM (+59%; p = 0.001), OM (+43%; p = 0.0049), ASH (+54%; p = 0.0085), Hemicelluloses (+73%; p = 0.0084), Cellulose (+27%; p = 0.0452), and HDNN (+63%; p = 0.0012). In addition, adults showed better nutrient optimisation. Sex did not affect the relative chemical composition of the gastric content, but it showed a clear higher gastric content by females (+85%; p < 0.0001) and higher intake of most of the absolute chemical components: DM (+64%; p < 0.001), CP (+56%; p = 0.0005), OM (+58%; p = 0.0001), ASH (+44%; p = 0.0123), HDNN (+39%; p = 0.001), NDF (+59%; p = 0.001), ADF (+64%; p = 0.0003), lignin (+82%; p = 0.0036) and cellulose (+58%; p = 0.0002). Finally, we observed that females had better nutrient optimisation than males. This works supports the idea that feeding ecology and nutrition are particularly relevant to reproductive success and fitness in wild animals.Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Grant/Award Number: PUENTE22/03; Regional Ministry of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society of the Generalitat Valenciana, Grant/Award Numbers: GV/2021/115, CIBEST/2021/157Marín-García, PJ.; Llobat, L.; Aguayo-Adán, JA.; Larsen, T.; Cambra López, M.; Blas Ferrer, E.; Pascual Amorós, JJ.... (2023). The nutritional strategy of European rabbits is affected by age and sex: Females eat more and have better nutrient optimisation. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 107(5):1294-1301. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.1382612941301107

Unravelling the Role of Metabolites for Detecting Physiological State of Wild Animals: European Rabbit's (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Case

[EN] The main aim of this work was to know the possible potential of certain metabolites as biomarkers of the European wild rabbit to deepen the biological knowledge of this species and complement specific conservation programs. The main finding of our paper is that, regardless of the weight of the animals and their reproductive state, females show greater feed intake capacity than males, and their metabolism is affected. Furthermore, different reproductive stages are related to different metabolic phenotypes, metabolic behaviors, and metabolic profiles. There are indications of better optimization of resources by females, and evidence of the importance of some metabolites in the reproductive fitness of the species. European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has been defined as a keystone species in the Mediterranean ecosystem. Rabbits have been classed as "endangered" by the IUCN within their native range. In this sense, animal nutrition may play a fundamental and limiting role in the conservation of wild species. The overarching goal of ecological nutrition is to unravel the extensive web of nutritional links that direct animals in their interactions with their ecological environments. The main aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different feed intake, geographic location, animal sex, and reproductive stage on glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and plasmatic urea nitrogen (PUN), albumin, glutamate, and total protein metabolites. Additionally, we examined the potential of these metabolites as biomarkers. Full stomach contents and blood samples were collected from European wild rabbits (n = 89) for the analysis of the metabolites described above. Our work shows that the levels of these metabolites are affected by the sex of the animals, as well as by their reproductive stage (glucose, NEFA and albumin). There were signs of better optimisation of resources by females than by other groups of animals. These data may be interesting in the study of nutritional components that could be affecting physiological state of this species.This study was supported by the Regional Ministry of Innovation, Universities, Scienceand Digital Society of the Generalitat Valenciana (GV/2021/115 and CIBEST/2021/157) and Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU (PUENTE22-03). This study was partially supported by a project granted by the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA) and funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University (REF: PRIMAS2-11-PCI2019-103698). The APC was invited to Pablo Jesus Marin Garcia.Marín-García, PJ.; Llobat, L.; Rouco, C.; Aguayo-Adán, JA.; Larsen, T.; Cambra López, M.; Blas Ferrer, E.... (2022). Unravelling the Role of Metabolites for Detecting Physiological State of Wild Animals: European Rabbit's (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Case. Animals. 12(22):1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani1222322519122

Nutritional ecology of European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): Factors affecting chemical composition of gastric content

[EN] Nutritional ecology seeks to unravel the extensive web of nutritional links that directs animals in their interactions with their ecological and social environments. European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations its endemic locations are declining and it is considered a keystone species of the Mediterranean ecosystem prompteing the interest in its conservation. The main aim of this study was to determine the nutritional composition of the diet of European rabbits through the relative and absolute chemical composition of the gastric content. To address this objective, gastric content was collected from 80 European rabbits in a Mediterranean area for the analysis of its chemical composition. To this end, gastric content was analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, crude protein (CP), highly digestible nonnitrogenous nutrients (HDNN), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin. The rabbits were divided into two groups: EMPTY and FULL, depending on the level of stomach filling, directly related to food intake. Our results revealed a positive correlation between the rabbits weight with DM in the gastric content, total gastric content with DM in the gastric content, and DM in gastric content with all chemical parameters analysed. The mean relative values obtained were 8.8%, 25.5%, 40.4% and 25.4%, for ash, CP, NDF and HDNN, respectively. Moreover, EMPTY rabbits had both a proportional (+19%, p = 0.002 and -40%; p = 0.004, on NDF and HDNN, respectively) and absolute (-38%, p = 0.014, -52%; p = 0.012, -52%; p = 0.011 and +83%; p = 0.008 for OM, ash, HDNN, and lignin, respectively) different proportion of nutrients in gastric contents than FULL animals. Since there is a connection between this availability and the fitness of this species, understanding the chemical composition of the rabbit's diet can be utilised to delve into its biology. Our study provides information that will help elucidate the factors affecting the chemical composition of the gastric content of European rabbits to assist land use planners and conservationists in identifying sites for conservation in Mediterranean ecosystems.Regional Ministry of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society of the Generalitat Valenciana, Grant/Award Number: GV/2021/115Marín-García, PJ.; Llobat, L.; Aguayo-Adán, JA.; Franch, J.; Cambra López, M.; Blas Ferrer, E.; Pascual Amorós, JJ.... (2023). Nutritional ecology of European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): Factors affecting chemical composition of gastric content. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 107(6):1495-1501. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.1384914951501107

Efecto de la adición de magnesio y litio en la microestructura y las propiedades mecánicas a temperatura ambiente, media (0.5 TF) y alta (0.6-0.7 TF) de aleaciones AL-SI A380, así como su soldabilidad por FSW

In this project, the effect of the addition of magnesium and lithium in the aluminum alloy for foundry A380 was investigated, where the mechanical properties and the process of friction stir welding (FSW - Friction Stir Welding) in the alloys were analyzed. The alloys were machined to obtain specimens of tension and hardness, and the plates were welded by means of the FSW process with a heat treated AISI 1045 steel pin, varying only their geometry. For the microstructure analysis, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used, the chemical composition analysis was carried out by means of spark spectrometry and the intermetallics formed by means of EDS were observed. The results show a reduction in density of up to 11.35% compared to the A380 alloy, but likewise a reduction in its mechanical properties.En este proyecto se investigó el efecto de la adición de magnesio y litio en la aleación de aluminio para fundición A380, donde se analizó las propiedades mecánicas y el proceso de soldadura por fricción y agitación (FSW – Friction Stir Welding) en las aleaciones. Se generaron un total de 5 aleaciones: 1) aleación base (A380), 2) aleación 2.5% Mg 0.25% Li, 3) aleación 5% Mg 0.25% Li, 4) aleación 5% Mg, y finalmente 5) aleación 5% Mg 1% Li. La fundición se realizó a 720 ⁰C vaciando en moldes de grafito y en moldes permanentes de acero para la obtención de placas. Una vez obtenidas las aleaciones se maquinaron para obtener probetas de tensión y dureza, y las placas se soldaron mediante el proceso FSW con un pin de acero AISI 1045 tratado térmicamente variando solamente su geometría. Para el análisis de la microestructura se utilizó microscopia óptica y microscopia electrónica de barrido, el análisis de la composición química se realizó por medio de espectrometría de chispa y se observaron los intermetálicos formados por medio de EDS. Los resultados muestran un reducción en la densidad de hasta el 11.35% en comparación a la aleación A380 pero de igual manera una reducción de sus propiedades mecánicas pasando de 192.60 a 186.65 MPa con la adición de 2.5% magnesio y 176.77 MPa con adición de 5% magnesio

Differences in the Offensive and Defensive Actions of the Goalkeepers at Women’s FIFA World Cup 2011

The aim of this study was to analyze the technical and tactical offensive and defensive actions of the goalkeepers and to determine the relationship between these actions and the qualifying results of their respective teams. The sample studied is made up of the goalkeepers (n = 20) of the senior national teams that participated in the FIFA Women’s World Cup in Germany 2011. A descriptive analysis was developed comparing the offensive and defensive actions in competition carried out by the goalkeepers on qualified teams (pass the group stage) with the goalkeepers on unclassified teams (not pass the group stage). For the inter-group comparison, the value of the coefficient of variation was incorporated and the effect size calculated. All data were treated with a statistical significance level of p &lt; 0.05. The results show that the goalkeepers on qualified teams have higher offensive registers, as well as a higher number of passes successfully completed in different areas of the field. The goalkeepers on unclassified teams show higher defensive records such as saves inside the area, foot stops and wrong clearances among others