Análisis del Modelo de Bass : Ampliación mediante el reemplazo, la innovación, la inversión y el atractivo del producto

[Resumen]: En este documento se realiza un análisis del modelo de difusión de productos de Bass. Se tiene en consideración tanto el proceso de adopción por difusión como el proceso de adopción mediante la publicidad. Además, se estudian simulaciones de ambos casos en diferentes circunstancias. A éste, se añade una ampliación mediante el reemplazo del producto, ya llevado a cabo por otros autores. En este apartado del documento se incluye la compra múltiple dejando atrás la compra única del modelo de Bass. Por último, en las dos últimas partes, se desarrolla un modelo con el que se persigue mitigar las limitaciones de los modelos anteriores. Para ello se incluye como variables el atractivo del producto, la vida media del producto, la innovación y la inversión en esta última. Todo ello, se realiza mediante la metodología de la dinámica de sistemas, que permite enfocar un problema o situación combinando la modelización matemática y grafica de este sistema de análisis.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.ECO). ADE. Curso 2016/201

Hammer rebound index as an overall-mechanical-quality indicator of self-compacting concrete containing recycled concrete aggregate

The hammer rebound index has traditionally been solely and exclusively used to estimate the compressive strength of vibrated concrete. Its use has recently been extended to the prediction of the compressive strength of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and concrete produced with Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA). The conventional use of the hammer-rebound test is further developed in this paper, by demonstrating how it can be used to estimate the overall mechanical behavior of SCC containing RCA. To do so, nine SCC mixes with different contents and fractions (coarse, fine, and powder) of RCA are analyzed. Following a simple-linear-regression validation and property standardization procedure, the hammer rebound index is then expressed as a linear combination of four mechanical properties, adjusted through a multiple regression. The hammer rebound index is therefore expressed as a weighting of both the mean value of compressive behavior (arithmetic mean of compressive strength and modulus of elasticity) amounting to a weight of 72.8%, and the mean value of bendingtensile behavior (arithmetic mean of splitting tensile strength and flexural strength) amounting to a weight of 27.2%. The hammer rebound index can therefore be construed as an overall-mechanical-quality performance indicator of the SCC containing RCA, which can also yield predictions of every mechanical property. In this way, the application of the hammer rebound index could likewise be of use in rehabilitation, pathology, and healthmonitoring works where a full characterization of the mechanical performance of SCC with RCA is required, facilitating the use of SCC with RCA in real structures.The authors wish to express their gratitude to the following government ministries, agencies, and universities for funding this research: the Spanish Ministry of Universities, MICIN, AEI, EU, ERDF and NextGenerationEU/ PRTR [PID2020-113837RB-I00; 10.13039/501100011033; TED2021- 129715B-I00; FPU17/03374; PRX21/00007]; the Junta de Castilla y León (Regional Government) and ERDF [UIC-231, BU119P17]; the University of Burgos [SUCONS, Y135.GI]; and, finally, the University of Padova

Strength performance of low-bearing-capacity clayey soils stabilized with ladle furnace slag

In this paper, the performance of ladle furnace slag (LFS), a by-product of secondary steel refning, is evaluated as a binder to stabilize clayey soils of low bearing capacity. The aim is to defne whether additions of this by-product to clayey soil can stabilize the soil in accordance with the technical specifcations of Spanish standards. To do so, three diferent soils stabilized with 5% LFS were compared with the same soils stabilized with 2% lime and with no stabilization, in order to investigate their diferent behaviors. The chemical and mineralogical characterizations of all the soil mixes were conducted using X-ray fuorescence, X-ray difraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The Atterberg limit test was used to study the plastic behavior of the soils, and the results of compaction, bearing capacity, unconfned compressive strength, and direct shear strength (cohesion and friction angle) tests defned their strength characteristics. The analysis was completed with the pH monitoring of the mixes along the curing time in order to relate the pH changes with the strength evolution. The addition of LFS to the soils has resulted in an increase in the liquid limit and plastic limit, causing therefore a slight decrease in the plasticity index. All the soils showed increases between 30% and 70% in their California Bearing Ratios immediately after mixing with 5% LFS, and after 90 days of curing, improvements of 30–188% in their unconfned compressive strength were noted in comparison with untreated soil, which were higher than the lime-stabilized soils. The cohesion of soils stabilized with LFS at 28 days of curing obtained improvements ranging from 40 to 300% depending on the type of soil. However, the friction angle showed a slight increase of 10% in two of the soils and zero in another. The high initial pH in LFS-stabilized soils was maintained during the curing time, which favored the development of pozzolanic reactions that improve the soil strength. These results confrmed that the substitution of lime with LFS is a feasible option for soil stabilization

Multi-criteria feasibility of real use of self-compacting concrete with sustainable aggregate, binder and powder

Replacing natural raw materials with industrial by-products can increase the sustainability of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), although its fresh and hardened behavior will usually worsen. The benefits of increased sustainability must therefore outweigh any reduction in concrete flowability and strength. These aspects can be analyzed through Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) algorithms. In all, 19 SCC mixes were studied. One reproduced commercial SCC (limestone filler and conventional cement), the others were produced with more sustainable materials: 100% coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA); 0%, 50% or 100% fine RCA; 45% Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS); and sustainable aggregate powders such as limestone fines 0/0.5 mm and RCA powder 0/0.5 mm. Decreased flowability at 15 and at 60 min, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, carbon footprint, and cost of mix were all studied. Both the carbon footprint and the cost were calculated considering only the composition of the SCC, without including aspects that depend on each particular case study, such as transport distances. These aspects constituted the decision-making criteria of the MCDM analysis, under which 14 scenarios were evaluated with different requirements for SCC, using 3 different algorithms (TOPSIS, AHP, and PROMETHEE). The results suggested that the ideal choice for fast concreting is a combination of GGBS, 100% coarse RCA and limestone fines, although if SCC has to be transported to the concreting point, then conventional cement should be used. Strength and stiffness can be maximized by limiting the fine RCA content to 50%. Finally, considering a versatile choice, only SCC with coarse RCA, limestone fines, GGBS and 0% fine RCA could compete with conventional SCC. Adapting the design to minimize the detrimental effects of by-products is therefore essential to promote sustainable SCC that is also commercially competitive.Spanish Ministry MCIU, AEI and ERDF [grant numbers PID 2020-113837RB-I00; 10.13039/501100011033; FPU17/03374]; the Junta de Castilla y León (Regional Government) and ERDF [grant number UIC-231, BU119P17]; Youth Employment Initiative (JCyL) and ESF [grant number UBU05B_1274]; and, finally, the University of Burgos [grant number SUCONS, Y135.GI]

Improving higher education teaching: introduction of active learning methodologies in behavioral sciences

Irene Cano-López - Universitat de València - ORCID: 0000-0001-9447-3244Vanesa Hidalgo - Universitat de València - ORCID: 0000-0003-3920-1099Esperanza González-Bono - Universitat de ValènciA - ORCID: 0000-0001-8835-4505Recepción: 15.11.2019 | Aceptado: 20.11.2019Correspondencia a través de ORCID: Irene Cano-López - 0000-0001-9447-3244Antecedentes. Los actuales planes de estudio permiten superar la tradicional división entre teoría y práctica en la docencia universitaria, artificial en términos formativos. Para que esta integración sea efectiva en la dinámica del aula, se requieren actividades que efectivamente integren conocimientos teóricos con habilidades y destrezas y que estimulen el trabajo autónomo del estudiante. Objetivos/Hipótesis. Este estudio se centra en analizar la satisfacción y percepción subjetiva de logro de competencias del alumnado universitario tras la implementación de metodologías activas de aprendizaje en una asignatura centrada en aspectos fisiológicos de la conducta. Método. Se implementaron metodologías activas de aprendizaje a 54 estudiantes (edad media: 24.17 años), incluyendo la realización de una fase experimental en el aula, la aplicación del método del caso, el desarrollo de estrategias de ludificación y la potenciación del alineamiento docente. Al final de la asignatura, se administró al alumnado un cuestionario de satisfacción. Resultados. La metodología docente fue unos de los aspectos mejor valorados por el estudiantado, seguido de los resultados del aprendizaje y, en menor medida, de la adquisición de competencias. Conclusiones. La implementación de metodologías docentes innovadoras en el ámbito universitario ha resultado satisfactoria para el estudiantado, en diferente medida en función del aspecto considerado.Abstract: Background. The current curricula allow to overcome the traditional division between theory and practice in higher education teaching, artificial in formative terms. For this integration to be effective in the classroom dynamic, activities are required that effectively integrate theoretical knowledge with skills and abilities and that stimulate the independent work of the student. Objectives/hypotheses. This study focuses on analysing the satisfaction and subjective perception of achievement of competencies of university students after the implementation of active learning methodologies in a subject focused on physiological aspects of behaviour. Method. Active learning methodologies were implemented for 54 students (mean age: 24.17 years), including an experiment in the classroom, the case method, the development of gamification strategies and the strengthening of constructive alignment. At the end of the course, a satisfaction questionnaire was administered to the students. Results. The learning methodology was one of the aspects most highly valued by the students, followed by learning outcomes and, to a lesser extent, the acquisition of competences. Conclusions. The implementation of innovative learning methodologies in the university environment has been satisfactory for the students, to a different extent depending on the aspect considered.Universitat de València (UV-INNOV17-18

Differences in E-Cadherin and Syndecan-1 Expression in Different Types of Ameloblastomas

Ameloblastomas are a group of benign, locally aggressive, recurrent tumors characterized by their slow and infiltrative growth. ECadherin and syndecan-1 are cell adhesion molecules related to the behavior of various tumors, including ameloblastomas. Ninetynine ameloblastoma samples were studied; the expression of E-cadherin and syndecan-1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. E-Cadherin and epithelial syndecan-1 were more highly expressed in intraluminal/luminal unicystic ameloblastom a than in mural unicystic ameloblastoma and solid/multicystic ameloblastoma, whereas the stromal expression of syndecan-1 was higher in mural unicystic ameloblastoma and solid/multicystic ameloblastoma. Synchronicity was observed between E-cadherin and epithelial syndecan-1; the expression was correlated with intensity in all cases. There was a strong association between expression and tumor size and recurrence. The evaluation of the expression of E-cadherin and syndecan-1 are important for determining the potential aggressiveness of ameloblastoma variants. Future studies are required to understand how the expression of these markers is related to tumor aggressiveness

Self-compacting concrete with recycled concrete aggregate subjected to alternating-sign temperature variations: Thermal strain and damage

Any variation in temperature alters the dimensions of a concrete structure and provokes thermal stress. Moreover, the propagation of micro-cracking decreases the strength of concrete that is exposed to sub-zero temperatures (freezing), to heat phenomena (heating), or to cyclical thermal variations, especially when prepared using Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA). A reference selfcompacting concrete (SCC) mix made with 100% coarse and fine natural aggregate and three SCC mixes containing 100% coarse and/or fine RCA in replacement of natural aggregate were tested in this study of the thermal performance of SCC and the related effects of RCA. The mixtures were subjected to five thermal tests designed with positive and negative, and both constant and cyclical, extreme-ambient temperature variations, reaching temperatures of − 15 ◦C and 70 ◦C. Stiffness, weight, compressive strength, thermal deformability, and internal damage of the SCC mixtures were monitored throughout suitable testing. Internal damage, hygroscopicity, and loss of strength increased at temperatures below 0 ◦C, especially in the mixtures containing 100% coarse RCA, although the SCC manufactured with simultaneous additions of fine and coarse RCA fractions showed the worst performance. Overall, RCA performed better under positive temperature variations. The test results lead to the recommendation of a linear thermal expansion coefficient of 1.2⋅10− 5 ◦C− 1 in calculations for SCC containing RCA under those extreme environmental conditions.The authors wish to express their gratitude for funding this research work to: the Spanish Ministry of Universities, MICINN, AEI, EU and ERDF [PID2020–113837RB-I00; PID2021–124203OB-I00; RTI2018–097079-B-C31; 10.13039/501100011033; FPU17/03374]; the Junta de Castilla y León (Regional Government) and ERDF [UIC-231, BU119P17]; the Basque Regional Government through the consolidated research group SAREN [IT1619–22]; Youth Employment Initiative (JCyL) and ESF [UBU05B_1274]; and the University of Burgos [Y135. GI]

Factores o características socio-culturales del agresor en la violencia contra la mujer: según el enfoque criminológico

El presente trabajo de investigación ha tenido como objetivo primordial identificar los factores o características socio-culturales comunes del agresor en relación a la violencia originada contra la mujer, asociando los diferentes enfoques o teorías criminológicas que sirvan de parámetro para detectar y definir la conducta desviada, peligrosidad y la reincidencia de las personas agresoras. Al desarrollar la presente investigación en tres apartados fundamentales, los cuales han permitido obtener de manera concreta, precisa e inequívoca los aspectos e indicadores esenciales relacionados a la manifestación conductual del agresor; enmarcando inicialmente los diferentes sucesos históricos que han influido negativamente en la adopción de patrones sociales y culturales, los cuales han generado desigualdad y una falta de equidad de género. En el fundamento doctrinario se desarrollan las diversas teorías criminológicas y de género que permiten analizar las múltiples manifestaciones conductuales de los agresores. Finalmente, en el apartado normativo, se analiza la problemática social de la violencia contra la mujer, a partir de la vulneración de derechos fundamentales y derechos humanos inherentes a toda mujer, retomando el planteamiento jurídico contenido en la Constitución de la República, las normas especiales, tratados y convenios internacionales, criterios jurisprudenciales y múltiples mecanismos en pro de la protección de los derechos de la mujer. Como resultado del presente trabajo de grado, se ha evidenciado que históricamente han existido relaciones asimétricas y desiguales entre hombres y mujeres; asimismo, identificando factores de índole sociológicos, psicológicos y jurídicos como parámetros o indiciadores comunes para detectar el comportamiento desviado del agresor

MicroRNAs as molecular markers in lung cancer

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the western world for both men and women. Lung cancer appears to be a perfect candidate for a screening program, since it is the number one cancer killer, it has a long preclinical phase, curative treatment for the minority of patients who are diagnosed early and a target population at risk (smokers) and it is also a major economic burden. The earliest approaches to identifying cancer markers were based on preliminary clinical or pathological observations, although molecular biology is a strong candidate for occupying a place among the set of methods. In search of markers, several alterations, such as mutations, loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, DNA methylation, mitochondrial DNA mutations, viral DNA, modified expression of mRNA, miRNA and proteins, and structurally altered proteins have all been analysed. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small RNA molecules, about 19-25 nucleotides long and encoded in genomes of plants, animals, fungi and viruses. It has been reported that miRNAs may have multiple functions in lung development and that aberrant expression of miRNAs could induce lung tumorigenesis. We review here the role of miRNAs in lung tumorigenesis and also as a novel type of biomarker.-----------------------------------Cite this article as:Silva J, Garcia V, Lopez-Gonzalez A, Provencio M. MicroRNAs as molecular markers in lung cancer. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2013;1(1):010111. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0101.1

MicroRNAs as molecular markers in lung cancer

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the western world for both men and women. Lung cancer appears to be a perfect candidate for a screening program, since it is the number one cancer killer, it has a long preclinical phase, curative treatment for the minority of patients who are diagnosed early and a target population at risk (smokers) and it is also a major economic burden. The earliest approaches to identifying cancer markers were based on preliminary clinical or pathological observations, although molecular biology is a strong candidate for occupying a place among the set of methods. In search of markers, several alterations, such as mutations, loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, DNA methylation, mitochondrial DNA mutations, viral DNA, modified expression of mRNA, miRNA and proteins, and structurally altered proteins have all been analysed. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small RNA molecules, about 19-25 nucleotides long and encoded in genomes of plants, animals, fungi and viruses. It has been reported that miRNAs may have multiple functions in lung development and that aberrant expression of miRNAs could induce lung tumorigenesis. We review here the role of miRNAs in lung tumorigenesis and also as a novel type of biomarker.-----------------------------------Cite this article as:Silva J, Garcia V, Lopez-Gonzalez A, Provencio M. MicroRNAs as molecular markers in lung cancer. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2013;1(1):010111. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0101.11</p