Economías ilícitas y orden social: la frontera de Perú, Brasil y Colombia

En los últimos años, la frontera que comparten Perú, Colombia y Brasil se ha convertido en un enclave de producción y tráfico de drogas hacia los mercados internacionales. Se trata de un territorio cuyo control es disputado por actores no estatales y donde los cuerpos de seguridad del Estado padecen severas limitaciones materiales y de desplazamiento. El artículo –a través de un enfoque etnográfico– explica las limitaciones de la seguridad fronteriza y los desafíos institucionales que implica el control del tráfico de drogas y de madera en este contexto. El artículo coloca en el centro de la discusión sobre drogas y fronteras las ideas de reproducción y cambio social, como epistemes claves para pensar las dinámicas de cultivo y procesamiento de derivados cocaínicos en el Sur global

Democracia entre rejas: representación y elecciones en el Penal de Lurigancho en Perú

We seek to answer the question about how the method of election of “prison delegates” works in Lurigancho, the oldest prison in Peru. We are interested in explaining the practices that emerge in spaces like this as the key of procedural democracy and that are not only cyclical or atypical. The research explores political interactions and forms of representation and thus provides current evidence on its internal functioning. The results show that the penitentiary electoral reform organized by the inmates themselves favors internal control and has allowed the reduction of violence in previous years.Buscamos responder a la pregunta sobre cómo funciona el método de elección de “delegados penitenciarios” en Lurigancho, el penal más antiguo de Perú. Nos interesa explicar aquellas prácticas que en espacios como este emergen en clave de democracia procedimental y que no son solo coyunturales o atípicas. La investigación explora las interacciones políticas y formas de representación y aporta así evidencia actual sobre su funcionamiento interno. Los resultados muestran que la reforma electoral penitenciaria agenciada por los propios internos favorece la fiscalización interna y ha permitido disminuir la violencia existente en años anteriores

La cadena de valor de la cocaína: un análisis georreferenciado del Vrae

El artículo aborda el fenómeno del narcotráfico en el Perú a la luz de conceptos como los de cadena de valor y redes difusas. La cadena se descompone en cada uno de sus eslabones con el fin de identificar variables medibles que nos puedan dar cuenta de su extensión y densidad. Para ello, se recurre a un análisis estadístico geoespacial en el que se utiliza una base de datos especialmente preparada para el presente estudio a nivel distrital para el año 2010. Haciendo uso de este instrumento se pretende dar cuenta de un marco analítico, tanto teórico como metodológico, que permita medir la concentración de la presencia de actividades de la cadena del tráfico ilícito de derivados cocaínicos en el VRAE. Proponemos que tal aproximación puede ser utilizada como herramienta para un diseño inteligente y focalizado de las políticas de intervención en materia de lucha contra las drogas

The lexicographically least square-free word with a given prefix

The lexicographically least square-free infinite word on the alphabet of non-negative integers with a given prefix $p$ is denoted $L(p)$. When $p$ is the empty word, this word was shown by Guay-Paquet and Shallit to be the ruler sequence. For other prefixes, the structure is significantly more complicated. In this paper, we show that $L(p)$ reflects the structure of the ruler sequence for several words $p$. We provide morphisms that generate $L(n)$ for letters $n=1$ and $n\geq3$, and $L(p)$ for most families of two-letter words $p$

Minimalist C/case

This article discusses A-licensing and case from a minimalist perspective, pursuing the idea that argument NPs cyclically enter a number of A-relations, rather than just a single one, resulting in event-licensing, case-licensing and phi-licensing. While argument case commonly reflects Voice/v-relations, canonical A-movement is driven by higher elements, either in the C-T system or in a superordinate v-system (in ECM constructions). In addition, there is a distinction to be drawn between the triggering of A-movement, by for example C, and the licensing of the landing site, by for instance T, C-probing leading to tucking-in into Spec-T. Much of the evidence presented comes from quirky case constructions in Icelandic and from ECM and raising constructions in Icelandic and English. It is argued that T in ECM constructions inherits phi-licensing from the matrix v, regardless of the case properties of v

Kondo effect in coupled quantum dots: a Non-crossing approximation study

The out-of-equilibrium transport properties of a double quantum dot system in the Kondo regime are studied theoretically by means of a two-impurity Anderson Hamiltonian with inter-impurity hopping. The Hamiltonian, formulated in slave-boson language, is solved by means of a generalization of the non-crossing approximation (NCA) to the present problem. We provide benchmark calculations of the predictions of the NCA for the linear and nonlinear transport properties of coupled quantum dots in the Kondo regime. We give a series of predictions that can be observed experimentally in linear and nonlinear transport measurements through coupled quantum dots. Importantly, it is demonstrated that measurements of the differential conductance ${\cal G}=dI/dV$, for the appropriate values of voltages and inter-dot tunneling couplings, can give a direct observation of the coherent superposition between the many-body Kondo states of each dot. This coherence can be also detected in the linear transport through the system: the curve linear conductance vs temperature is non-monotonic, with a maximum at a temperature $T^*$ characterizing quantum coherence between both Kondo states.Comment: 20 pages, 17 figure

Morphological Alternations at the Intonational Phrase Edge

This article develops an analysis of a pair of morphological alternations in K\u27ichee\u27 (Mayan) that are conditioned at the right edge of intonational phrase boundaries. I propose a syntax-prosody mapping algorithm that derives intonational phrase boundaries from the surface syntax, and then argue that each alternation can be understood in terms of output optimization. The important fact is that a prominence peak is always rightmost in the intonational phrase, and so the morphological alternations occur in order to ensure an optimal host for this prominence peak. Finally, I consider the wider implications of the analysis for the architecture of the syntax-phonology interface, especially as it concerns late-insertion theories of morphology

From national monopoly to Multinational Corporation: how regulation shaped the road towards telecommunications internationalization

One of the consequences of major regulatory reform of the telecommunications sector from the end of the 1970s – particularly, privatization, liberalization and deregulation – was the establishment of a new business environment which permitted former national telecommunications monopolies to expand abroad. From the 1990s, a number of these firms, particularly those based in Europe, joined the rankings of the world’s leading Multinational Corporations. Their internationalization was uneven, however: while some firms internationalised strongly, others ventured abroad much slower. This article explores how the regulatory framework within which telecommunications incumbents evolved over the long-term shaped their subsequent, uneven, paths to internationalization. Two case studies representing ´maximum variation´ are selected: Telefónica, whose early and unrelenting expansion transformed it into one of the world’s most international of Multinational Corporations, and BT, whose overseas ventures failed and, with eroding domestic market share, forced the firm to partially retreat, becoming the least international of the large European incumbents. Long-term ownership, access to capital, management style and exposure to liberalization strongly influenced firms’ approaches to internationalizatio