Lesson Plan, U.S. History, 8th Grade

TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills): 8.23(D) analyze the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity. 8.23(E) identify the political, social, and economic contributions of women to American society. Lesson objective(s): 1.The Learner will (TLW) -analyze the political contributions of women and their significant roles they in promoting in the reform movements and civil rights. 2. TLW compare and contrast the letters to significant political leaders of their time of Mercy Otis Warren and Adela Sloss-Vento. Differentiation strategies to meet diverse learner needs: Students will write a letter (in Spanish and English) to local, state, and federal leaders addressing a change or reform in government to be effective today. Students will create a Venn-diagram comparing and contrasting Mercy Otis Warren and Adela SlossVento

A note on the combustion of blends of diesel and soya, sunflower and rapeseed vegetable oils in a light boiler

Producción CientíficaThis paper deals with the study of the vegetable oils (VO) used as fuel for heating. The properties of sunflower, rape and soya oils are studied and these are compared with the properties of C-diesel fuel (used for heating domestic purposes in Spain). The mixtures of VO and diesel are studied and characterized and, finally, the results of a series of combustion trials of the mixtures in a conventional heating installation with a mechanical pulverization burner are presented. The results show that viscosity of VO limits the use of blends up to 40% of them, and the oxygen present in their structures contributes to an efficiency gai

Progress toward scalable tomography of quantum maps using twirling-based methods and information hierarchies

We present in a unified manner the existing methods for scalable partial quantum process tomography. We focus on two main approaches: the one presented in Bendersky et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 190403 (2008)], and the ones described, respectively, in Emerson et al. [Science 317, 1893 (2007)] and L\'{o}pez et al. [Phys. Rev. A 79, 042328 (2009)], which can be combined together. The methods share an essential feature: They are based on the idea that the tomography of a quantum map can be efficiently performed by studying certain properties of a twirling of such a map. From this perspective, in this paper we present extensions, improvements and comparative analyses of the scalable methods for partial quantum process tomography. We also clarify the significance of the extracted information, and we introduce interesting and useful properties of the $\chi$-matrix representation of quantum maps that can be used to establish a clearer path toward achieving full tomography of quantum processes in a scalable way.Comment: Replaced with published version (only minor changes respect to the first version

Conjugated Polymers for Organic Electronics: Structural and Electronic Characteristics

The use of organic materials to design electronic devices has actually presented a broad interest for because they constitute an ecological and suitable resource for our current "electronic world". These materials provide several advantages (low cost, light weight, good flexibility and solubility to be easily printed) that cannot be afforded with silicium. They can also potentially interact with biological systems, something impossible with inorganic devices. Between these materials we can include small molecules, polymers, fullerenes, nanotubes, graphene, other carbon-based molecular structures and hybrid materials. Actually these materials are being used to build electronic structures into electronic devices, like organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells (OSCs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), constituting and already commercial reality. Some of them are used on a widespread basis1, and are the focus of some recent researches in molecules2,3 and polymers4-6 suitable for these purposes. In this study we analyze the electronic and molecular characteristics of some different π-conjugated structures in order to evaluate their potential as semiconducting materials for organic electronics. For this purpose we focus on the study of conjugated polymers with different backbones configurations: (i) donor-acceptor configuration, (ii) 1D lineal or 2D branched conjugated backbones, and (iii) encapsulated polymers. To achieve this goal, we use a combined experimental and theoretical approach that includes electronic spectroscopies (i.e., absorption, emission and microsecond transient absorption), vibrational Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations. These structural modifications are found to provoke a strong impact on the HOMO and LUMO levels and the molecular morphology, and, consequently, on their suitability as semiconductors in organic electronic applications.References 1. S. R. Forrest, M. E. Thompson. Chem. Rev., 2007, 107, 923 2. R. C. González-Cano, G. Saini, J. Jacob, J. T. López Navarrete, J. Casado and M. C. Ruiz Delgado. Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 17165 3. J. L. Zafra, R. C. González-Cano, M. C. Ruiz Delgado, Z. Sun, Y. Li, J. T. López Navarrete, J. Wu and J. Casado. J. Chem. Phys. , 2014, 140, 054706 4. M. Goll, A. Ruff, E. Muks, F. Goerigk, B. Omiecienski, I. Ruff, R. C. González-Cano, J. T. López Navarrete, M. C. Ruiz Delgado, S. Ludwigs. Beilstein J. Org. Chem., 2015, 11, 335. 5. D. Herrero-Carvajal, A. de la Peña, R. C. González-Cano, C. Seoane, J. T. López Navarrete, J. L. Segura, J. Casado, M. C. Ruiz Delgado, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118, 9899. 6. M. Scheuble, Y. M. Gross, D. Trefz, M. Brinkmann, J. T. López Navarrete, M. C. Ruiz Delgado, and S. Ludwigs, Macromolecules, 2015, 48, 7049.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Combustion of Soya Oil and Diesel Oil Mixtures for Use in Thermal Energy Production

Producción CientíficaIn August 2005, Spain approved the Plan for Renewable Energy Sources for the period 2005-2010 (P.E.R.), including co-combustion installations. Co-combustion in the P.E.R. aims to increase power output by 12,185.3 GWh in five years and shows great interest in studies of the combustion of mixtures of fossil and bio-combustible fuels. This paper presents studies of the co-combustion of soya oil and diesel for thermal heating. The paper begins with a characterization of soya oil as well as mixtures of this oil, with diesel, as fuels. The combustion of the soya oil mixtures and diesel is made in an installation, where the pressure of injection as well as the air volume of the burner can be changed. The obtained results inside to be the environmental average legislation and a greater efficiency of combustion is found. The conclusions show that the use of mixtures of soya oil and Diesel for producing thermal energy in conventional equipment is feasible

Pseudospectral versus finite-differences schemes in the numerical integration of stochastic models of surface growth

We present a comparison between finite differences schemes and a pseudospectral method applied to the numerical integration of stochastic partial differential equations that model surface growth. We have studied, in 1+1 dimensions, the Kardar, Parisi and Zhang model (KPZ) and the Lai, Das Sarma and Villain model (LDV). The pseudospectral method appears to be the most stable for a given time step for both models. This means that the time up to which we can follow the temporal evolution of a given system is larger for the pseudospectral method. Moreover, for the KPZ model, a pseudospectral scheme gives results closer to the predictions of the continuum model than those obtained through finite difference methods. On the other hand, some numerical instabilities appearing with finite difference methods for the LDV model are absent when a pseudospectral integration is performed. These numerical instabilities give rise to an approximate multiscaling observed in the numerical simulations. With the pseudospectral approach no multiscaling is seen in agreement with the continuum model.Comment: 13 single column pages, RevTeX, 6 eps fig

3D photonic crystals from highly monodisperse FRET-based red luminescent PMMA spheres

Red-luminescent PMMA spheres containing a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair were synthesized via a two-step polymerization method. Two reaction parameters, time and monomer volume, are scanned in order to tune the sphere diameter in the 250-500 nm range. Further the polydispersity of the spheres is kept low, at ca. 3%, regardless of sphere diameter or dye concentration. A thorough optical characterization via spectroscopy and time resolved measurements shows a FRET efficiency of over 40% before concentration quenching effects take place, allowing for a precise tuning of their emission in the red region of the visible spectrum. The high quality of these spheres makes them suitable to fabricate self-assembled 3D photonic crystals which act as photonic environment to modify the spectral properties of the FRET pair via Bragg diffraction.España Mineco MAT2012-31659Comunidad de Madrid S2013/MIT-274