Insecticidal activities of essential oil ofCallistemon viminalisapplied as fumigant and powder against two bruchids

The fumigant and contact toxicity of essential oil (EO) extracted from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis and its aromatized clay powder (ACP) was evaluated against adults of Acanthoscelides obtectus and Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The results obtained for fumigation assays showed that C. maculatus seems to be more susceptible (LC50 = 0.019 μl/cm3) to the vapours of the essential oil than A. obtectus (LC50 = 0.011 μl/cm3) after 12 h exposure. On the other hand, A. obtectus seems to be more susceptible (LD50 = 0.133 μl/g) to the essential oil applied by contact on grains than C. maculatus (LD50 = 0.170 μl/g) after 2 days exposure. The ACP was also very toxic towards the adults of A. obtectus (LD50 = 0.100 μl/g) and C. maculatus (LD50 = 0.098 μl/g) by contact on grains. At the doses of 0.133 μl/g and 0.266 μl/g, mortalities caused by ACP on grains were higher than those caused by the same dose of EO against the two bruchids. It is also established that both the EO and the ACP caused higher inhibition of F1 progeny production of A. obtectus than that of C. maculatus. The loss of insecticidal activity of the two materials in the course of time has been observed; however, the toxicity of the ACP was more persistent than that of the oil in the course of time when applied on grains. These results suggest that EO from the leaves of C. viminalis can be used as fumigant agent against A. obtectus and C. maculatus. In addition, it could be advisable to use an adsorbent mineral material as carrier of this EO for the prolongation of its insecticidal activity in the course of time

Drymaria cordata (Linn.) Willd (Caryophyllaceae): Ethnobotany, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry

In the present paper the isolation and characterization of seven major glycolipid classes (stigmasterol, acylated stigmasteryl glucoside, stigmasteryl glucoside, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, cerebroside and glucocerebroside) from Drymaria cordata (Linn.) Willd (Caryophyllaceae Family) are reported after an attempt has been made to congregate the traditional and pharmacological studies done on this important medicinal plant. Drymaria cordata is a weak spreading herb found widely dispersed in damp places all over the tropics of Africa, Asia and the Americas. There are many reports on its folk and traditional uses that include snake bite, skin diseases, peptic ulcer, headaches or nephritis, female infertility, sleeping disorders, convulsions, and febrile conditions in children. The plant has been examined on the basis of scientific in vitro and in vivo evaluations possessing the major pharmacological activities that include analgesic activity, antitussive activity, anxiolytic activity, antipyretic activity, antinociceptive activity, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. The information summarized here is intended to serve as a reference tool for practitioners in the fields of ethnopharmacology, natural product chemistry and drug discovery related research

Effet Bio-Insecticide De L’huile Essentielle Et De La Poudre De Chenopodium Ambrosioides L. Sur Les Imagos De Bruches De Haricots En Stockage

Le but de l’étude est d’évaluer l’effet d’insecticide et d’insectifuge de l’huile essentielle et de la poudre de Chenopodium ambrosioides L. contre Acanthoscelides obtectus Say, bruches de haricots. Après séchage de la partie terminale de C. ambrosioides, une aliquote de la matière sèche a été utilisée pour extraire par hydro-distillation de l’huile essentielle et une autre partie broyée pour produire une poudre fine après tamisage. L’analyse de l’huile extraite a été réalisée par chromatographie en phase gazeuse à ionisation de flamme couplée à la spectrométrie de masse. La toxicité de cette huile contre les bruches a été évaluée par fumigation avec ou sans graines, répulsion, contact sur papier filtre avec graines et contact avec graines. Il a été prouvé la toxicité de la poudre vis à vis des bruches de haricots. Le taux de répulsion (%) ou la mortalité des bruches a été déterminée par test. La DL50 a été calculée après que les bruches A. obtectus ont été exposées à l’huile essentielle et à la poudre à la moitié de la durée totale de l’expérience. L’huile essentielle extraite est composée d’hydrocarbures monoterpéniques (52,14 %) avec 37,15 % de α-terpinène et 13,55 % de p-cymène. Elle est riche en monoterpènes oxygénés (6,26 %) dont l’isoascaridole représente 5,43 %. La DL50 de l’huile essentielle est de 0,0017 μl/cm3, 0,017 μl/cm2, 0,0127 μl/g, 0,0032 μl/g respectivement pour le test de fumigation sans graines, de contact avec papier filtre, de fumigation avec graines et de contact avec graines. Avec la poudre, DL50 est de 19,5 g/kg. L’huile a montré un effet attractif pour le test de répulsion. Cette huile et la poudre ont influencé le cycle de développement des bruches en réduisant leur nombre des imagos émergées en F1. Cette huile a été plus efficace que la poudre. Le test in planta confirmera l’efficacité de l’huile essentielle extraite de C. ambrosioides contre les bruches A. obtectus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the insecticide and insectifuge effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. essential oil and powder against Acanthoscelides obtectus Say which are beans’ weevil. After drying the terminal part of C. ambrosioides, a certain quantity of dried latter was used for extraction by hydro-distillation of essential oil and the other part was grounded to produce a thin powder sifting. Analysis of the extracted oil was done by chromatography in gaseous phase at flame ionization coupled with mass spectrometry. Toxicity of the oil on weevil was evaluated by fumigation with or without seeds, repulsion, contact on filter paper with seeds and contact with seeds. It was proven the toxicity of the powder face to beans’ weevil. Repulsion rate (%) or mortality of the weevils was determined by test. DL50 was calculated after weevil A. obtectus have been exposed to essential oil and powder at half time of the total duration of the experimentation. The extracted essential oil is composed of monoterpenic hydrocarbons (52.14 %) with 37.15 % of α-terpinen and 13.55 % of p-cymene. The oil is rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (6.26 %) of which the isoascaridol represents 5.43 %. The DL50 of the essential oil equals 0.0017 μl/cm3, 0.017 μl/cm2, 0.0127 μl/g, 0.0032 μl/g for the fumigation without seeds test, the contact with filter paper, fumigation with seeds and contact with seeds respectively. With the powder, the DL50 equals 19.5 g/kg. The oil showed an attractive effect for the test of repulsion. That oil and the powder influenced the development cycle of the weevils by reducing the number of images emerged in F1. That oil was more efficient than the powder. The test in planta will confirm the efficiency of the extracted essential oil from C. ambrosioides against the weevils A. obtectus