Physiological demands of mountain running races

The aim of this study was to analyze the exercise intensity and competition load (PL) based on heart rate (HR) during different mountain running races. Seven mountain runners participated in this study. They competed in vertical (VR), 10-25 km, 25-45 km and >45 km races. The HR response was measured during the races to calculate the exercise intensity and PL according to the HR at which both the ventilatory (VT) and respiratory compensation threshold (RCT) occurred. The exercise intensity below VT and between VT and RCT increased with mountain running race distance. Likewise, the percentage of racing time spent above RCT decreased when race duration increased. However, the time spent above RCT was similar between races (~50 min). The PL was significantly higher (p45 km, respectively). The ratio of PL to accumulative altitude gain was similar in all races (~0.16 AU·m-1). In conclusion, outcomes from this study demonstrate the high exercise intensities and physiologic loads sustained by runners during different mountain races

SARDANA: an all-optical access-metro WDM/TDM-PON

A new optical access network, named “Scalable Advanced Ring-based passive Dense Access Network Architecture” (SARDANA), is presented. It transparently integrates WDM metro and TDM PON access technologies, implementing ring protection, 100 km reach and up to 1024 users served at 10 Gb/s, with passive highly-shared infrastructure. The introduced innovations are hybrid ring/tree WDM/TDM Passive Optical Network (PON) architecture; a resilient remote node (RN), which is distantly pumped from the Optical Line Terminal (OLT); and a reflective ONU (Optical Network Unit); as well as an enhanced Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol.Postprint (published version

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Mechanizing set theory

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D61102 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Viability of in-service, low-cost and spatially unambiguous OTDR monitoring in TDM- and WDM-PON access networks

A new strategy is proposed to efficiently monitor fibre plant failures in current and future optical access networks by implementing an OTDR subsystem in the physical layer. The viability of the method is evaluated by analyzing its theoretical performance limits. Experimental results demonstrate the applicability of the method.Peer Reviewe

Physiological demands of mountain running races

The aim of this study was to analyze the exercise intensity and competition load (PL) based on heart rate (HR) during different mountain running races. Seven mountain runners participated in this study. They competed in vertical (VR), 10-25 km, 25-45 km and >45 km races. The HR response was measured during the races to calculate the exercise intensity and PL according to the HR at which both the ventilatory (VT) and respiratory compensation threshold (RCT) occurred. The exercise intensity below VT and between VT and RCT increased with mountain running race distance. Likewise, the percentage of racing time spent above RCT decreased when race duration increased. However, the time spent above RCT was similar between races (~50 min). The PL was significantly higher (p45 km, respectively). The ratio of PL to accumulative altitude gain was similar in all races (~0.16 AU·m-1). In conclusion, outcomes from this study demonstrate the high exercise intensities and physiologic loads sustained by runners during different mountain races

Laboratorio virtual multiplataforma de educacion en ingenieria

Se presenta un laboratorio virtual autónomo y multiplataforma para docencia. La plataforma implementada incluye un servidor con conexión SSH (Secure SHell) y un repositorio separado que contiene los experimentos virtuales. La programación de los experimentos se ha realizado en Java usando la herramienta EJS (Easy Java Simulation) para entornos gráficos y el programa Matlab como motor de cálculo externo. El laboratorio virtual contiene experimentos de control a nivel universitario. Se presentan dos ejemplos de aplicación, en concreto, un levitador magnético y un sistema de péndulo invertido con carrito. El laboratorio virtual ha sido probado con éxito en la formación de estudiantes de Ingeniería Electrónica. Se presentan y comentan los resultados de esta experiencia de e-learning.Peer Reviewe

Laboratorio virtual multiplataforma de educacion en ingenieria

Se presenta un laboratorio virtual autónomo y multiplataforma para docencia. La plataforma implementada incluye un servidor con conexión SSH (Secure SHell) y un repositorio separado que contiene los experimentos virtuales. La programación de los experimentos se ha realizado en Java usando la herramienta EJS (Easy Java Simulation) para entornos gráficos y el programa Matlab como motor de cálculo externo. El laboratorio virtual contiene experimentos de control a nivel universitario. Se presentan dos ejemplos de aplicación, en concreto, un levitador magnético y un sistema de péndulo invertido con carrito. El laboratorio virtual ha sido probado con éxito en la formación de estudiantes de Ingeniería Electrónica. Se presentan y comentan los resultados de esta experiencia de e-learning.Peer Reviewe

Development of a Simulation Environment for the Learning of an Autonomous Navigation Algorithm for a 2-Meter Length Sailboat

[Resumen] Se presenta el desarrollo de un entorno virtual de simulación basado en Python Turtle para el entrenamiento de un algoritmo de aprendizaje por refuerzo destinado a la navegación autónoma de un velero de 2 metros de eslora. Este entorno de simulación permite entrenar el pilotaje autónomo en diferentes condiciones de viento y datos de navegación de la embarcación, en ausencia de obstáculos, por medio de la observación causa-efecto y una estrategia de recompensas que permiten al agente decidir las mejores acciones. La generación virtual de situaciones de navegación reduce las horas de pruebas de mar.[Abstract] The development of a virtual simulation environment based on Python Turtle is presented for the training of a reinforcement learning algorithm for the autonomous navigation of a 2 meters long sailboat. This simulation environment enables autonomous piloting to be trained in different wind conditions and navigation data from the vessel, in the absence of obstacles, through cause-effect observation and a reward strategy that allows the agent to decide the best actions. The virtual generation of navigation situations reduces the hours of sea trials.Los autores agradecen a la Facultat de Náutica de Barcelona la ayuda económica para la realización del proyecto Sensailorhttps://doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498043

Design of flexible udWDM metro-access network devices assisted by high resolution complex spectroscopy

The new cloud services, the Internet of Things (IoT) and the convergence of mobile and optical networks in the 5G scenario are pushing up the traffic demand over the metro-access networks. Flexible ultra-dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (udWDM) is a promising technology to address all these new requirements at the metro-access networks. These networks are cost sensitive, so vendors and providers are requiring a highly efficient spectrum usage to accommodate the maximum number of users and cost-effective devices for all the different elements on the network. High Resolution Complex Spectrum Analysis is a powerful tool not only to characterise different devices and network architectures, but also to study and design new complex modulation formats over cost-effective light sources, such as DFB and VCSEL, taking advantage of their physical dynamics (chirp). In this paper, some devices for 1 Gbps fullduplex links for udWDM Metro-Access Networks with 6.25 GHz frequency slots are presented and characterized using High Resolution Complex Spectroscopy.Peer Reviewe