43 research outputs found
Deliverable D32 Core indicators for the interconnection between short and long-distance transport networks ; projet 7FP CLOSER (Connecting LOng and Short-distance networks for Efficient Transport); September 2011
The CLOSER project has been set to analyse the interfaces and interconnections between long distance transport networks and local/regional transport networks of all modes. The project is funded within the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Commission, under the topic TPT-2008.0.0.13 âNew mobility/organisational schemes: interconnection between short and long-distance transport networksâ. The goal of WP3 of CLOSER is to establish a set of core indicators that reflect the most crucial issues connected to interfaces between short and long-distance transport networks, both for passenger and freight transport. This includes the creation of a structured representation of these interfaces, determination of core indicators, and the assessment of usability of the core indicators. CLOSER WP3 has produced two deliverables, of which the current document is the second. The first deliverable âInterconnections between short and long-distance transport networks: Structure of interface and existing indicatorsâ (Andersen et al., 2010) contained a review of existing indicators related to interfaces between long and short-distance freight and passenger transport.The aim of this document is to structure the interconnections between short and longdistancetransport networks. This in particular includes:- Establishment of selection criteria to choose core indicators- Selection and validation of core indicators and new indicators- Set of typologies of interfacesThe document also presents the results of the WP3 workshop arranged in Lille on May 24, 2011
Case studies: results and synthesis projet 7FP CLOSER (Connecting LOng and Short-distance networks for Efficient Transport) Rapport de recherche Deliverable 5.2 project européen CLOSER.
The CLOSER project has been set to analyse the interfaces and interconnectionsbetween long distance transport networks and local/regional transport networks of allmodes. The project is funded within the Seventh Framework Programme of theEuropean Commission, under the topic TPT-2008.0.0.13 âNew mobility/organisationalschemes: interconnection between short and long-distance transport networksâ.The objective of WP5 of CLOSER is to accomplish in-depth case studies to deepenand validate the understanding of results obtained in Work packages 2, 3 and 4. Thiswill be achieved by:- Developing a joint assessment and evaluation framework for the case studies,incorporating knowledge that has been obtained in WP 2, WP 3 and WP 4- Carrying out the case studies- Synthesising the results of the case studies in order to give inputs for thedevelopment of recommendations in WP 6.The deliverable at hand summarises the seven case studies that have been conductedin the CLOSER project:ï· Leipzig-Halle airport (Germany)ï· ArmentiĂ©res station (France)ï· Oslo bus terminal Vaterland (Norway)ï· Port of Helsinki (Finland)ï· Thessaloniki port (Greece)ï· Constantza port (Romania)ï· Vilnius Airport (Lithuania
Thermally activated composite with two-way and multi-shape memory effects
The use of shape memory polymer composites is growing rapidly in smart structure applications. In this work, an active asymmetric composite called âcontrolled behavior composite material (CBCM)â is used as shape memory polymer composite. The programming and the corresponding initial fixity of the composite structure is obtained during a bending test, by heating CBCM above thermal glass transition temperature of the used Epoxy polymer. The shape memory properties of these composites are investigated by a bending test. Three types of recoveries are conducted, two classical recovery tests: unconstrained recovery and constrained recovery, and a new test of partial recovery under load. During recovery, high recovery displacement and force are produced that enables the composite to perform strong two-way actuations along with multi-shape memory effect. The recovery force confirms full recovery with two-way actuation even under a high load. This unique property of CBCM is characterized by the recovered mechanical wor
Influence du mode de polymérisation de composites verre/polyester sur leur comportement mécanique
Lâobjet de cette communication est dâanalyser les propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques de composites unidirectionnels verre/polyester obtenus par deux procĂ©dĂ©s diffĂ©rents de polymĂ©risation : un procĂ©dĂ© conventionnel thermique et un procĂ©dĂ© photochimique. Les propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques de surface ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es par micro-indentation afin dâobserver lâinfluence des conditions dâĂ©laboration sur la rĂ©ponse du composite Ă une pĂ©nĂ©tration. Il apparait que la duretĂ© dâindentation HIT et le taux de conversion de la rĂ©sine ne sont pas suffisants pour discriminer les Ă©chantillons. Les propriĂ©tĂ©s dâĂ©lasticitĂ© et de fluage sont Ă©galement nĂ©cessaires pour comparer et comprendre le comportement des diffĂ©rents composites. Le procĂ©dĂ© de photopolymĂ©risation de la rĂ©sine amĂ©liore les propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques du composite ainsi Ă©laborĂ©
Detection of Babesia divergens in southern Norway by using an immunofluorescence antibody test in cow sera
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The incidence of bovine babesiosis, caused by <it>Babesia divergens </it>(Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida) has decreased markedly since the 1930 s, but may re-emerge as a consequence of climate change and changes in legislation and pasturing practices. This is a potentially serious disease, with both economical and animal welfare consequences. Therefore, there is a need to survey the distribution of <it>B. divergens</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We tested sera from 306 healthy pastured cows from 24 farms along the southern Norwegian coast by using an indirect immunofluorescence IgG antibody test (IFAT). Fractions of seropositive cows were compared by calculating 95% CI.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results of this test showed that 27% of the sera were positive for <it>B. divergens </it>antibodies. The fraction of antibody-positive sera that we detected showed a two-humped distribution, with a high fraction of positives being found in municipalities in the western and eastern parts of the study area, while the municipalities between these areas had few or no positive serum samples.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Neither the farmers' observations nor the Norwegian Dairy Herd Recording System give an adequate picture of the distribution of bovine babesiosis. Serological testing of cows by using IFAT is a convenient way of screening for the presence of <it>B. divergens </it>in an area.</p
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical studies of mild steel FeE500 passivation in concrete simulated water
In the context of the prediction of the long-term behaviour of
reinforced concrete structures involved in the nuclear waste
storage, the corrosion mechanisms of steels have to be assessed.
When mild steel rebars are embedded in concrete, the chemical
environment of the reinforcement is progressively modified, due to
the carbonation of the concrete matrix. This modification leads to
the variation of iron oxides properties formed at the steel/concrete
interface, and the active corrosion can be initiated. The aim of
this study is to evaluate the passivation behaviour and to provide
insights into the depassivation of mild steel in concrete pore
solution. In a young concrete, due to the alkalinity of the
interstitial solution, steel reinforcement remains passive.
Immersion tests of mild steel substrate in various alkaline
solutions (from pH 13 to 10) have been performed. Due to the low
thickness of the corrosion layers formed, X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy has been used to characterize them. In the passive
domain, the corrosion products are similar for the various
solutions. The corrosion layer is composed of a mixture of Fe
and Fe. A similar approach is used to determine the
depassivation mechanism. The effect of various components such as
carbonates, sulfates and silicates resulting from the dissolution of
minerals of cement during the carbonation process is investigated.
In addition to the surface analysis, the evolution of the
electrochemical behaviour as function of the solution nature (pH) is
evaluated with the help of electrochemical measurements (free
corrosion potential, cyclic voltamperometry)
Dynamical analysis of homogenized second gradient anisotropic media for textile composite structures and analysis of size effects
International audienceIn order to predict the dispersion relation of 3D composite structures in the low frequency range, we construct effective first and second order grade continuum models. The effective properties of textile composites are obtained computationally by an equivalent strain energy method based on the response of the representative volume unit cell (RUC) under prescribed boundary conditions as described in Goda and Ganghoffer (2016). The expressions of the phase velocities for the three modes of wave propagation in a 3D context (longitudinal, horizontal shear and vertical shear) reveal that the second order continuum is dispersive, due to the presence of the second order elasticity constants. The shape change of the phase velocity when increasing the wave number shows the dispersive behavior of the second gradient medium, whereas Cauchy medium is non dispersive. Plots of the iso-frequency contour for the two investigated composites in the case of second gradient and Cauchy effective medium show that the second gradient contributions does not modify the anisotropic behavior of the considered composites. Important size effects on the dynamical behavior are shown, especially reflected by the dispersive behavior and the anisotropic dynamic responses, due to the significant overall increase of the second order rigidity matrix when increasing the RUC size
Contribution of archaeological analogues to the comprehension of long term corrosion of concrete reinforcements
International audienc
An urbanism oriented towards rail in Germany and France, three main findings of a research-action program
International audienceno abstrac
DĂ©veloppement de structures composites intelligentes
Depuis quelques années le CETIM-CERMAT et le LPMT développent et élaborent un nouveau type de matériau actif, le M3C, matériau composite à comportement contrÎlé. Le principe de ce matériau consiste à rendre une structure composite active sans rajout d'actionneurs ou d`éléments extérieurs. L'activation du matériau est réalisée grùce à une source interne de chaleur creé par effet Joule à l'aide de renforts actifs. L'objectif de cette présentation consiste, dans un premier temps, à faire une présentation complÚte de ce nouveau matériau, et à situer ses performances par rapport à celles des autres matériaux intelligents, ceci en terme de domaine d'application, de puissance utile, de rendement, de temps de réponse. Dans un second temps, nous présenterons les différents outils numériques qui ont été développés afin de permettre le calcul et l'optimisation de ce matériau. Nous finirons cet article par une application potentielle du M3C