Influence of the timing of switching a protein-free to a protein-containing diet on the wound healing process in a rat all-layer skin defect

金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系We prepared full thickness skin defects in rats fed on a protein-free diet as a hypoproteinaemia model, then switched the animals to a diet containing a normal protein level 1, 6 or 12 days after wounding (inflammatory, granulation and rearrangement phases of the wound healing process) to examine whether improvement in the low-protein state promotes subsequent wound healing. The interval until wound healing in rats fed on a normal protein diet was significantly shorter, whereas that in rats continuously fed on a protein-free diet was significantly longer than those of other groups. Early correction tended to accelerate wound healing. Although wound contraction in groups receiving a protein-corrected or protein-free diet remained similar until 15 days after wounding, thereafter the duration of the rearrangement phase was significantly longer in the protein-free group than in the other groups. The collagen level per unit of granulation tissue area during wound healing was significantly lower in the protein-free group than in the other groups. These findings indicate that protein correction at any time after wounding accelerates wound healing, although early correction is more effective, and reduces the duration of the rearrangement phase more than those of the inflammatory and granulation phases because of the deposit of collagen

フィリピンにおける公衆衛生に関する留学記

As a second-year resident at the University of Tokushima Hospital, I report on my experience of overseas training in the Philippines under the training program of the National Institute of Health Sciences. The National Institute of Health Sciences is an institution that conducts education, investigation, and research related to health, medical care, and welfare, and I trained for two months in the Department of Clinical Training in Community Health, Specialty Course III. In addition to the out-of-hospital training at the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Chiba Prefectural Government, and National Institute of Infectious Diseases, the one week overseas training in the Philippines（Manila） consisted mainly of lectures and training on mosquito-borne infectious diseases, zoonosis, and parasites at the University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital, Suburban Health Center, and WHO Western Pacific Office. Infectious diseases are very different from those in Japan. The actual observation made us understand that rabies and parasitic infections are raging in the Philippines due to the sanitary conditions of the living environment, which is very different from that of Japan. By learning about the medical system at overseas medical facilities, we were able to rethink deeply about the merits of the Japanese medical system and the direction it should take in the future from various perspectives

International Perception of Competence, Education, and Training Needs Among Biomedical Professionals Involved in Medicines Development

The development of new medicines today, requires a multi-professional workforce, both in industry and the clinical research arena. Pharmaceutical physicians (PPs) and medicines development scientists (MDS) need a certain level of competence, achieved through on-the-job experience, with a postgraduate education foundation and continuous professional development programs. In order to assess the self-perception of competence, education and training needs, an on-line questionnaire based on the seven domains of competence, developed by IFAPP-PharmaTrain, was prepared and distributed among PPs and MDS members of IFAPP’s affiliated professional associations in countries with facilities for postgraduate education. The data collection was run over a fixed period of three months in Japan, Italy, Brazil, and Spain during 2017. Results indicate low but variable levels of perceived competence for the various domains as well as seniority in the job. All respondents declared a significant need for continuing professional development in all domains. These results corroborate and support the continuous efforts, put in place by IFAPP and the PharmaTrain Federation, to foster the development of accredited education and training among professionals involved in medicines development

トクシマケン ニオケル ジドウ セイト ノ タイカク ノ ゲンジョウ

The height and weight of all 74,859 students attending to the primary and junior-highschools in the Tokushima prefecture were gathered for the purpose of data collection for thecommittee for prevention of life style related disease. The measurement was performedbetween April and June, 2000 according to the methods recommended by the Japanesegovernment. The histograms of height of each sex and age group showed clear normaldistribution. On the other hands, the histograms of weight and Body Mass Index (BMI)showed the deviation towards the heavier part. We draw histograms of all males and allfemales, and found the existence of two peaks in both of the histograms. We recognizedthat the middle depressed part, which means the less person of that height, indicates thepeak of growth. The most bottoms were 139cm-140cm in female and 152cm-153cm in male

Analysis on photoemission spectrum of superconducting FeSe

In this paper, we present the result of soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and its comparison with the density functional calculation. Although local density approximation seems to be a good starting point for describing the electronic structure of FeSe, the simulated spectrum poorly reproduced the structure around E(B) = 2 eV. This result suggests the necessity of theoretical treatment beyond local density approximation

人間の海洋移動にともなう分散がフィリピン列島における媒介蚊ネッタイシマ蚊の集団遺伝構造に影響

長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（医歯薬）甲第794号 [学位授与年月日]平成27年9月18

DNA barcoding of mosquitoes collected through a nationwide survey in 2011 and 2012 in Malawi, Southeast Africa

We conducted a nationwide survey of mosquito distribution in Malawi from November 2011 to April 2012, and from July to September 2012. Using dried specimens of mosquito adults collected during the survey, we analyzed their cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences, prepared specimens, and registered the genetic information (658 bp) of 144 individuals belonging to 51 species of 10 genera in GenBank. Using the obtained genetic information, we analyzed the degree of intraspecific variation and investigated the various species from morphological and genetic perspectives. Moreover, we conducted phylogenetic analysis of the medically important species distributed from Africa to Asia and explored their geographical differentiation. Results showed that individuals morphologically classified as Culex univittatus complex included a individual of Cx. perexiguus which, to date, have not been reported in southern Africa. Furthermore, Mansonia uniformis, distributed in Africa and Asia, was revealed to belong to genetically distinct populations, with observed morphological differences of the samples suggesting that they are separate species. The results of genetic analysis further suggested that Cx. ethiopicus is not a synonym of Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, but that it is an independent species; although, in this study, the only definite morphological difference observed was in the shape of the wing scales. Further morphological and genetic investigation of individuals of these species, including larvae, is highly recommended.</p

Chitinase mRNA levels by quantitative PCR using the single standard DNA: acidic mammalian chitinase is a major transcript in the mouse stomach.

Chitinases hydrolyze the β-1-4 glycosidic bonds of chitin, a major structural component of fungi, crustaceans and insects. Although mammals do not produce chitin or its synthase, they express two active chitinases, chitotriosidase (Chit1) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase). These mammalian chitinases have attracted considerable attention due to their increased expression in individuals with a number of pathological conditions, including Gaucher disease, Alzheimer's disease and asthma. However, the contribution of these enzymes to the pathophysiology of these diseases remains to be determined. The quantification of the Chit1 and AMCase mRNA levels and the comparison of those levels with the levels of well-known reference genes can generate useful and biomedically relevant information. In the beginning, we established a quantitative real-time PCR system that uses standard DNA produced by ligating the cDNA fragments of the target genes. This system enabled us to quantify and compare the expression levels of the chitinases and the reference genes on the same scale. We found that AMCase mRNA is synthesized at extraordinarily high levels in the mouse stomach. The level of this mRNA in the mouse stomach was 7- to 10-fold higher than the levels of the housekeeping genes and was comparable to that the level of the mRNA for pepsinogen C (progastricsin), a major component of the gastric mucosa. Thus, AMCase mRNA is a major transcript in mouse stomach, suggesting that AMCase functions as a digestive enzyme that breaks down polymeric chitin and as part of the host defense against chitin-containing pathogens in the gastric contents. Our methodology is applicable to the quantification of mRNAs for multiple genes across multiple specimens using the same scale