Advanced abdominal pregnancy with dead foetus: a case report

Abdominal pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy in which the zygote implanted within the peritoneal cavity exception at ovaries, fallopian tubes and intra ligament spaces. The diagnosis is challenging and can be missed especially when the imaging facilities are not available in remote areas.A 35 years old, G3P2+0 was admitted to the hospital at 38+2 weeks of pregnancy with the chief complaint of reduced foetal movement for three days. She was taking regular antenatal care with the midwife at the rural health centre and uneventful until 37 weeks of pregnancy. On physical examination, the abdomen was distended, the foetal parts were easily palpable, no visible foetal movement and the foetal heart sound was not audible. Abdominal ultrasound scan identified the term foetus of abdominal pregnancy without foetal cardiac activity. The patient underwent laparotomy and dead, male foetus was extracted uneventfully. The placenta was attached to intestines and mesentery so that which was removed with great caution and secured haemostasis. The mother’s condition was stable throughout the operation and did not need to give the blood transfusion. The sutures were removed after 7 days and the healthy patient discharged from the hospital.Abdominal pregnancy is a rare condition and the diagnosis can be missed during the antenatal period and hence it is crucial to raise the awareness of health care personals especially in remote areas. The suspicious case of abdominal pregnancy should be referred to the experienced clinicians in the centres with diagnosis facilities

Investigation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Bogalay Township, Myanmar in 1999

An investigation was in Nyi-naung-wa village, Bogalay township for Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus infection and the possibility of a JE outbreak. JE virus antibody was determined among the pigs and the people living near the pig farms in that village and at an adjacent village as a control. The known JE virus vector Culex mosquito species were also identified in both villages. Haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) methods were used for the detectioon of JE and dengue antibodies. Homotypic or monotypic JE antibodies were detected in 33% of the pigs tested. No homotypic nor monotypic JE antibodis was detected among the villagers. Although there was no JE virus infection among the people, because of the presence of JE virus infection among the pigs and the presence of Culex mosquito vector in that area, the possibility of a JE outbreak in humans in that area, if the number of pig breeding per household increase and the mosquito density become higher is discussed

Low Incidence of Renal Dysfunction among HIV-Infected Patients on a Tenofovir-Based First Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimen in Myanmar.

BACKGROUND: Since 2004, Médecins Sans Frontières-Switzerland has provided treatment and care for people living with HIV in Dawei, Myanmar. Renal function is routinely monitored in patients on tenofovir (TDF)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART), and this provides an opportunity to measure incidence and risk factors for renal dysfunction. METHODS: We used routinely collected program data on all patients aged ≥15 years starting first-line TDF-based ART between January 2012 and December 2013. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) was assessed at base line and six-monthly, with renal dysfunction defined as CrCl < 50 ml/min/1.73 m2. We calculated incidence of renal dysfunction and used Cox regression analysis to identify associated risk factors. RESULTS: There were 1391 patients, of whom 1372 had normal renal function at baseline. Of these, 86 (6.3%) developed renal dysfunction during a median time of follow-up 1.14 years with an incidence rate of 5.4 per 100 person-years: 78 had CrCl between 30-50 ml/min/1.73 m2 and were maintained on TDF-based ART, but 5 were changed to another regimen: 4 because of CrCl <30 ml/min/1.73 m2. Risk factors for renal dysfunction included age ≥45 years, diagnosed diabetes, underlying renal disease, underweight and CD4 count <200 cells/mm3. There were 19 patients with baseline renal dysfunction and all continued on TDF-based ART: CrCl stayed between 30-49 ml/min/1.73 m2 in five patients while the remainder regained normal renal function. CONCLUSIONS: In a resource-poor country like Myanmar, the low incidence of renal toxicity in our patient cohort suggests that routine assessment of CrCl may not be needed and could be targeted to high risk groups if resources permit

Development of a signal integrity analysis tool based on transmission line theory

This project is developed for the purpose of predicting signal reflection due to the mismatches of the signal line at the load and source ends and the prediction of crosstalk response for a pair of coupled microstrip lines by using the MATLAB. The simulation results have been validated with a reference paper for signal reflection and with measurement results for crosstalk response.Master of Science (Consumer Electronics

Optimization of pultrusion of composites with post-curing

The purpose of this project is to prove that post-curing in pultrusion process is effective in improving the quality of composites materials. The purpose was to examine the influence of post-curing on optimization of pultrusion process for composites. Three dimensional Finite Element/ Nodal Control Volume approach and procedure were used in this process simulation.Master of Science (Precision Engineering

Practical design considerations for high speed digital board

This report presents the development of a mock up electronic system, High Speed Digital Board (HSDB), which is used to validate the design rules developed through previous final year projects. Therefore, some improvements in printed circuit board (PCB) layout and routing based on previous projects are presented. The results from the improvements are presented and discussed after the development of firmware, assembly and functional testing.Bachelor of Engineerin

Motion control of robot arm

In this project – Motion Control of Robot Arm, the focus will be to create a Five-Axis Robotic Arm which has a monitor screen as an end-effector. The screen will act as a human face and it can show different emotional states (sad, happy, curious, etc.) like a real person. When it shows a specific state, the robot and its joints have to move to show like the body gesture of the person. The objective is to program the robot to function according to the user defined Joint Angle as first step. The next step is to program the inverse kinematic of the robot in which user will define the desired coordinate point and the robot will calculate the algorithm and get the joint angles so that its end effector will reach to the desired point. The hardware used in this project to build the robotic arm are the mechanical structures which act as robot links and Dynamixel RX-64 smart actuators. Robotic Operating System (ROS) will be used as the platform for robot programming. Ubuntu (Linux) Operating System will also be used as ROS only perform under Ubuntu.Bachelor of Engineerin

The Nature of Newly Developed Industrial Activities in Myanmar : A Case Study of Industrial Zones

Different types of industry demand different locational advantage.Spatial variations of industrial development and industrial specialization have, therefore, occurred on the earth 's surface. In Myanmar, the most spatially distinguished effort for industrial development is establishment of industrial zones since 1989.This paper tries to trace the spatial variations on the nature of newly developed industrial activities from the case study 0f those industrial zones and tries to explain t he underlying factors that generate above variations. Analysis is focused on industrial development and industrial specialization and conducted at two levels: national level; and regional level. The results show that development of the industrial zones is closely related to their respective advantageous location . Therefore, the industrial policy should favor the advantages of each industrial zone to be able to accelerate the industrial development

Binary oxide, XRD, DSSC, conversion efficiency, fill factor.

SnO2 (x) – ZnO (1-x) binary system with two different SnO2 composition (x= 3, 5 mol%) were prepared by solid state reaction at high temperature employed as photoanode for dye sensitized solar cell(DSSC) fabrication. SnO2-ZnO binary oxide was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and UV-VIS Spectroscopy to examine their structure and optical properties. High performance carbon electrode was prepared onto glass and used as counter electrode. Coffee powder was used as natural dye-sensitized. The improvement in device efficiency was achieved by larger SnO2 composition. The overall power conversion efficiency increased from 0.18% for SnO2:ZnO (3:97mol %) device to 0.26% for a device with SnO2:ZnO (5:95mol %) photoanode