TRUNK MOTION DURING THE GOLF SWING OF ELITE GOLFERS

The key requirement of a successful golf swing is an accurate impact. The body and arm motions dur,ing the backward and forward swings must be executed in such a way that an accurate impact is secured. Novice golfers experience difficulties in coordinating the arm and body motions due to the complexity of the mobility system formed by the trunk and arms. Differentiation of the abnormal swings causing inaccurate impact from normal swings through in-depth trunk motion analysis is thus of importance. The purpose of this study was to provide a biomechanical profile of the normal go'lf swing in te~ms of trunk motion ranges and patterns with the aim of establishing baseline data for comparative studies

BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS A SEQENCE OF ANGULAR VELOCITY AND COORDINATED MUSCLES ACTIVITY DURING BASEBALL HITTING

The purpose of this study was to analyse a sequence of rotations and coordinated muscles activities of upper body. Using kinematic and EMG data from 3 recreational university baseball players participating in this study, we computed the angular velocity of trunk, pelvis, bat and trunk-pelvis rotation angle and PMT of upper body muscles. Trunkpelvis rotation angle was 22 ° before the bat-ball contact. The pelvis, trunk, and bat showed a sequence of angular velocity beginning with the hip, followed by the trunk, and end tip of the bat. Additionally, PMT of upper body muscles generated right pectoralis major(1.03 sec.), right external oblique(1.11 sec.), left thoracloumbar fasci(1.12 sec.), left external oblique(1.13 sec.), right latissimus dorsi(1.15 sec.), left latissimus dorsi(1.16 sec.), right thoracloumbar fascia(1.16 sec.), left pectoralis major(1.25 sec.), on at a time during baseball hitting motion. PMT of upper body muscles were related to the shifting and rotating of body segment and this action can be considered the coordinated muscle activities of upper body

Competition between B-Z and B-L transitions in a single DNA molecule: Computational studies

Under negative torsion, DNA adopts left-handed helical forms, such as Z-DNA and L-DNA. Using the random copolymer model developed for a wormlike chain, we represent a single DNA molecule with structural heterogeneity as a helical chain consisting of monomers which can be characterized by different helical senses and pitches. By Monte Carlo simulation, where we take into account bending and twist fluctuations explicitly, we study sequence dependence of B-Z transitions under torsional stress and tension focusing on the interaction with B-L transitions. We consider core sequences, (GC)(n) repeats or (TG)(n) repeats, which can interconvert between the right-handed B form and the left-handed Z form, imbedded in a random sequence, which can convert to left-handed L form with different (tension dependent) helical pitch. We show that Z-DNA formation from the (GC)(n) sequence is always supported by unwinding torsional stress but Z-DNA formation from the (TG)(n) sequence, which are more costly to convert but numerous, can be strongly influenced by the quenched disorder in the surrounding random sequence.National Research Foundation NRF-2012 R1A1A3013044 NRF-2014R1A1A2055681NRF-2012R1A1A2021736IBS-R023-D1NRF-2015R1A2A2A01005916Chemistr

ARM MOTIONS FOR DIFFERENT TARGET POSITIONS DURING TAEKWONDO ROUNDHOUSE KICKS

The purpose of this study was to investigate arm motions for five different target positions during Taekwondo roundhouse kicks. Nine Taekwondo experts performed roundhouse kicks at a target. A 3D motion analysis was conducted. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to compare the arm motion among five conditions. This study reveals that a higher kick needs the increased vertical separation of the right and left arm (elbow and wrist) in release phase. For a longer kick at Body level, elbows should be more vertically apart and wrists should be more horizontally apart in the release phase. Both attackers and counter attackers in Taekwondo athletes can use the arm swing characteristics at different target heights and distances

COMPARISON OF PROPRIOCEPTION PERCEPTION TEST BETWEEN GOLFER AND NON-GOLFER USING TILTING PLATFORM

The purpose of this study was to test proprioception perception and compare between collegiate golfers and non-golfers using tilting platform. Sixteen male and fourteen female golfers and fifteen male and thirteen non-golfers were participated. All participants were performed perception test on the tilting platform. Frequency analysis and independent t-test were performed using SPSS 24.0. Alpha set at .05. Most participants were perceived from 1° to 2° of slopes and perceived left-right (target direction) slope than forward-backward slope. Repeated practice such as walking on the uneven ground or standing on sloped ground might help to improve proprioception perception. Further research using a tilting platform will be to develop the training program

EFFECTS OF GENDER AND FOOT POSITION ON ACCELERATION PATTERN OF KNEE AND HIP JOINT DURING DEEP SQUAT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gender and foot position on the acceleration patterns of the knee and hip joints during deep squat. Twenty-two male and 10 female collegiate students participated in this study. All the participants performed a deep squat two times in neutral foot position (NFP), with the foot rotated externally by 15° (ERFP). A wireless triaxial accelerometer was attached on the right-side knee and hip joints of each participant. Acceleration data generated in the anterior-posterior (AP), medio-lateral (ML), and superior-inferior (SI) directions during deep squat were collected through the attached acceleration sensor (2000Hz). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0, and mixed analysis of variance (p \u3c 0.05) was used to identify the interaction and main effects of gender and foot positions. The acceleration patterns of the knee joint during deep squat according to gender indicated differences between the AP and ML directions. The acceleration motion of the hip joint under the ERFP condition indicated a difference in the SI direction

CONTRIBUTION OF THE KNEE JOINT TO MECHANICAL ENERGY IN CROUCHING START ACCORDING TO THE BACKWARD BLOCK INCLINED ANGLE INCREASE

The purpose of this study was to analyze the contribution of the knee joint to mechanical energy in crouching start according to the backward block inclined angle increase(F, F1, F2). Using kinetic and kinematic data from 3 university sprinters participating in this study we calculated the energies absorbed and generated by the knee joints. The analysis is limited to a two-dimensional (sagittal plane) exercise. Comparing mean values of the energy absorbed and generated from lower extremity joints of each subjects according to backward block inclined angle increase (F, F1, F2). We generate a ratio of a total energy absorbed and generated from lower extremities to one from knee joints. The generated energy of knee joints during start was the highest for all subjects and the absorbed energy of those was the lowest at 55 degree of backward block angle, or F, for subject 1, 50 degree for subject 2, and 50 degree for subject 3

Identification of C16orf74 as a Marker of Progression in Primary Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

PURPOSE: Methylation-induced silencing of PRSS3 has been shown to be significantly associated with invasive bladder cancer, and expression of the C16orf74 gene locus has been shown to correlate positively with PRSS3. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between C16orf74 expression level and progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: C16orf74 mRNA levels were examined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of 193 tumor specimens from patients with primary NMIBC. Expression data were analyzed in terms of clinical and experimental parameters. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models, respectively, were used to determine progression-free survival and to identify independent predictive parameters of progression. RESULTS: Analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves revealed prolonged progression-free survival of high-C16orf74-expressors as compared to low-expressors (p<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that low C16orf74 mRNA expression levels are a significant risk factor for disease progression in patients with primary NMIBC (HR: 10.042, CI:2.699-37.360, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Decreased expression of C16orf74 correlates significantly with progression in primary NMIBC. C16orf74 expression level represents a potentially useful marker for predicting progression in primary NMIBC patients