Konserwatyści krakowscy a zamach majowy. Ewolucja optyki działaczy Stronnictwa Prawicy Narodowejw stosunku do zamachu stanu z 1926 r.

May’s attack is one of the most controversial events in the history of independent Poland. It was absolutely incompatible with the ideology of the conservative group. It’s representatives opposed revolutionary changes because of their violence and illegality. Initially, the Krakow conservatives criticized the attack (see articles in “Czas”).  The formation of a legal government, presidential elections and constitutions were the basis for a change of stance by the conservatives. The aim of the article is to present the process of changing opinions from criticism to cooperation between Krakow conservatives and Józef Piłduski.Zamach majowy jest jednym z najbardziej kontrowersyjnych wydarzeń w historii niepodległej Polski. Józef Piłsudski, który głosił potrzebę „sanacji” czyli uzdrowienia państwa, 12 maja 1926 roku wraz z grupą tzw. piłsudczyków dokonał zamachu, w wyniku którego przejął władzę w stolicy. Dla konserwatystów był to czyn absolutnie niezgodny z prawem oraz sprzeczny z linią ideowa tej grupy. Dla zachowawców jednym z najistotniejszych elementów ideowych było pielęgnowanie tradycji i wprowadzanie zmianw oparciu o proces ewolucji a nie rewolucji. Grupa konserwatystów krakowskich początkowo negatywnie ustosunkowała się do zbrojnego przejęcia władzy przez piłsudczyków, co odzwierciedlały artykuły ukazujące się w ich krakowskim organie prasowym – „Czasie”. Wraz z posunięciami rządu po 1926 r. (m.in. utworzenie rządu na czele z Józefem Piłsudskim oraz uwzględnienie w gabinecie przedstawicieli grupy wileńskich zachowawców – „żubrów wileńskich”), optyka tego środowiska ulegała powolnej zmianie. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie procesu ewolucji jaki miał miejsce w wewnątrz grupy krakowskich zachowawców względem zamachu majowego -od skrajnie negatywnego podejścia do akceptacji a nawet nawiązania współpracy z obozem rządzącym po 1926 roku

Longitudinal assessment of renal size and function in extremely low birth weight children at 7 and 11 years of age

BACKGROUND: There are a lack of studies describing a longitudinal association between preterm delivery and renal complications later in life. We assessed renal size and function in preterm infants born with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) during 4 years of follow-up, comparing these parameters to age-matched children born full term (term controls). METHODS: The results of selected renal laboratory tests [levels of cystatin C, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN)] and of renal ultrasound evaluations were compared between the ELBW group and the term control group at age 7 and 11 years. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 64 children born with ELBW (ELBW children) who had been recruited at birth and 36 children born at term (term children) who took part in both follow-up assessments. Renal ultrasound examination revealed a significantly smaller renal volume in the 7- and 11-year-old ELBW children compared to the term controls [right kidney volume: 50.8 vs. 61.2 ml/m(2), respectively, at 7 years (p <0.01) and 51.4 vs. 58.2 ml/m(2), respectively, at 11 years (p <0.01); left kidney volume: 51.4 vs. 60.3 ml/m(2), respectively, at 7 years (p <0.01) and 55.2 vs. 60.7 ml/m(2), respectively, at 11 years (p = 0.02)]. Renal function in ELBW children was also affected. Serum cystatin C levels were significantly higher in ELBW children than in the controls at 7 years of age, and this difference remained statistically significant at 11 years of age [0.63 vs. 0.59 mg/l, respectively, at 7 years (p = 0.02) and 0.72 vs. 0.61 mg/l, respectively, at 11 years (p = 0.01)]. Six ELBW children also had elevated cystatin C levels (0.97–1.11 mg/l) at 11 years of age. Cystatin C levels were within normal range in the ELBW children at age 7 years and in term children in both follow-up studies. BUN levels were higher in ELBW children at the age of 11 years (4.49 vs. 4.15 mmol/l; p = 0.028). CONCLUSION: Continued follow-up of these patients will reveal whether the observed worsening in renal function will persist into adulthood

Oxidative stress biomarkers and left ventricular hypertrophy in children with chronic kidney disease

Cardiovascular diseases remain the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the study was to assess the association between oxidative stress biomarkers and cardiovascular risk factors and left ventricular hypertrophy in children with CKD. Material and Methods. The studied group consisted of 65 patients aged 1.4–18.6 (mean 11.2) years with stages 1 to 5 CKD. Serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), protein carbonyl group, creatinine, cystatin C, albumin, lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, insulin, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone levels were measured. Patients were divided into groups depending on CKD stage. Anthropometric measurements, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements, and echocardiography with left ventricular mass (LVM) calculation were performed. Results. Serum oxLDL strongly correlated with creatinine (R=0.246; p=0.048), cystatin C (R=0.346; p=0.006), total cholesterol (R=0.500; p<0.001), triglycerides (R=0.524; p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein concentrations (R=0.456; p<0.001), and 24 hour BP values of systolic (R=0.492; p=0.002), diastolic (R=0.515; p<0.001), and mean arterial pressure (R=0.537; p<0.001). A significant correlation between oxLDL levels and LVM z-scores (R=0.299; p=0.016) was found. Conclusions. Hypertension and dyslipidemia correlated with lipid oxidation in children with CKD. oxLDLs seem to be valuable markers of oxidative stress in CKD patients, correlating with left ventricular hypertrophy

The outcomes of Polish patients with advanced BRAFpositive melanoma treated with vemurafenib in a safety clinical trial

Aim of the study: The BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib has improved progression- free survival and overall survival in patients with BRAFV600-mutationpositive metastatic melanoma. Here we present the results of an open-label safety study with vemurafenib in patients with metastatic melanoma enrolled in Polish oncological centres. Material and methods: Patients with untreated or previously treated Stage IIIC/IV BRAFV600 mutation-positive melanoma were treated with oral vemurafenib in an initial dose of 960 mg twice daily. Assessments for safety and efficacy were made every 28 days. For the survival analysis the Kaplan-Meier estimator was used with the log-rank tests for bivariate comparisons. Results: In total, 75 Polish patients were enrolled in the safety study across four centres. At data cut-off, 28 patients died (37%), mainly (26) due to disease progression; 33 (44%) patients continued vemurafenib after disease progression. The objective response rate was 46%, including two patients with a complete response and 29 with a partial response. Median progression-free survival was 7.4 months. The one-year overall survival rate was 61.9% (median overall survival was not reached). Seventy-three (97.3%) patients reported adverse events (AEs), and grade 3–5 toxicity was reported in 49.4% (37) patients. The most common AEs were: skin lesions (including rash and photosensitivity), arthralgia, and fatigue. Conclusions: The overall safety profile and response rate of vemurafenib were comparable to those reported in previous studies of this drug. Our study confirmed the value of well-established prognostic features for overall survival, such as initial LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) level and AJCC staging

Comparative two time-point proteome analysis of the plasma from preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Background: In this study, we aimed to analyze differences in plasma protein abundances between infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), to add new insights into a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. Methods: Cord and peripheral blood of neonates (≤ 30 weeks gestational age) was drawn at birth and at the 36th postmenstrual week (36 PMA), respectively. Blood samples were retrospectively subdivided into BPD(+) and BPD(−) groups, according to the development of BPD. Results: Children with BPD were characterized by decreased afamin, gelsolin and carboxypeptidase N subunit 2 levels in cord blood, and decreased galectin-3 binding protein and hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 levels, as well as an increased serotransferrin abundance in plasma at the 36 PMA. Conclusions: BPD development is associated with the plasma proteome changes in preterm infants, adding further evidence for the possible involvement of disturbances in vitamin E availability and impaired immunological processes in the progression of prematurity pulmonary complications. Moreover, it also points to the differences in proteins related to infection resistance and maintaining an adequate level of hematocrit in infants diagnosed with BPD