The quality of data and the accuracy of energy generation forecast by artificial neural networks

The paper presents the issues related to predicting the amount of energy generation, in a particular wind power plant comprising five generators located in south-eastern Poland. The location of wind power plant, the distribution and type of applied generators, and topographical conditions were given and the correlation between selected weather parameters and the volume of energy generation was discussed. The primary objective of the paper was to select learning data and perform forecasts using artificial neural networks. For comparison, conservative forecasts were also presented. Forecasts results obtained shaw that Artificial Neural Networks are more universal than conservative method. However their forecast accuracy of forecasts strongly depends on the selection of explanatory dat

The Nucleosome (Histone-DNA Complex) Is the TLR9-Specific Immunostimulatory Component of Plasmodium falciparum That Activates DCs

The systemic clinical symptoms of Plasmodium falciparum infection such as fever and chills correspond to the proinflammatory cytokines produced in response to the parasite components released during the synchronized rupture of schizonts. We recently demonstrated that, among the schizont-released products, merozoites are the predominant components that activate dendritic cells (DCs) by TLR9-specific recognition to induce the maturation of cells and to produce proinflammatory cytokines. We also demonstrated that DNA is the active constituent and that formation of a DNA-protein complex is essential for the entry of parasite DNA into cells for recognition by TLR9. However, the nature of endogenous protein-DNA complex in the parasite is not known. In this study, we show that parasite nucleosome constitute the major protein-DNA complex involved in the activation of DCs by parasite nuclear material. The parasite components were fractionated into the nuclear and non-nuclear materials. The nuclear material was further fractionated into chromatin and the proteins loosely bound to chromatin. Polynucleosomes and oligonucleosomes were prepared from the chromatin. These were tested for their ability to activate DCs obtained by the FLT3 ligand differentiation of bone marrow cells from the wild type, and TLR2−/−, TLR9−/− and MyD88−/− mice. DCs stimulated with the nuclear material and polynucleosomes as well as mono- and oligonucleosomes efficiently induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines in a TLR9-dependent manner, demonstrating that nucleosomes (histone-DNA complex) represent the major TLR9-specific DC-immunostimulatory component of the malaria parasite nuclear material. Thus, our data provide a significant insight into the activation of DCs by malaria parasites and have important implications for malaria vaccine development

A Consensus Molecular Classification of Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

Background: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a molecularly diverse disease with heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Several molecular classifications have been proposed, but the diversity of their subtype sets impedes their clinical application. Objective: To achieve an international consensus on MIBC molecular subtypes that reconciles the published classification schemes. Design, setting, and participants: We used 1750 MIBC transcriptomic profiles from 16 published datasets and two additional cohorts. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: We performed a network-based analysis of six independent MIBC classification systems to identify a consensus set of molecular classes. Association with survival was assessed using multivariable Cox models. Results and limitations: We report the results of an international effort to reach a consensus on MIBC molecular subtypes. We identified a consensus set of six molecular classes: luminal papillary (24%), luminal nonspecified (8%), luminal unstable (15%), stroma-rich (15%), basal/squamous (35%), and neuroendocrine-like (3%). These consensus classes differ regarding underlying oncogenic mechanisms, infiltration by immune and stromal cells, and histological and clinical characteristics, including outcomes. We provide a single-sample classifier that assigns a consensus class label to a tumor sample's transcriptome. Limitations of the work are retrospective clinical data collection and a lack of complete information regarding patient treatment. Conclusions: This consensus system offers a robust framework that will enable testing and validation of predictive biomarkers in future prospective clinical trials. Patient summary: Bladder cancers are heterogeneous at the molecular level, and scientists have proposed several classifications into sets of molecular classes. While these classifications may be useful to stratify patients for prognosis or response to treatment, a consensus classification would facilitate the clinical use of molecular classes. Conducted by multidisciplinary expert teams in the field, this study proposes such a consensus and provides a tool for applying the consensus classification in the clinical setting. An international consortium of bladder cancer expert teams establishes a consensus reconciling the diverse molecular classifications of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This work offers a robust framework that will enable testing and validating predictive biomarkers in future prospective clinical trials

The Somatic Genomic Landscape of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

We describe the landscape of somatic genomic alterations of 66 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (ChRCCs) based on multidimensional and comprehensive characterization, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and whole genome sequencing. The result is consistent that ChRCC originates from the distal nephron compared to other kidney cancers with more proximal origins. Combined mtDNA and gene expression analysis implicates changes in mitochondrial function as a component of the disease biology, while suggesting alternative roles for mtDNA mutations in cancers relying on oxidative phosphorylation. Genomic rearrangements lead to recurrent structural breakpoints within TERT promoter region, which correlates with highly elevated TERT expression and manifestation of kataegis, representing a mechanism of TERT up-regulation in cancer distinct from previously-observed amplifications and point mutations

The Impact of FPGA Clocking Time on the Accuracy of DC Motor Speed Estimation

W artykule przedstawiono dwa problemy badawcze. Pierwszy z nich odnosi się do zastosowania napędu bezczujnikowego sterowanego układem FPGA, który wykorzystuje do estymacji filtrację Kalmana. Drugi problem badawczy koncentruje sie na wpływie częstotliwości taktowania procesu uruchamianego na FPGA na dokładność estymacji. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań różnych stanów pracy napędu bezczujnikowego. Przedstawione analizy dotyczą dynamiki zmian napięcia i momentu obciążenia silnika. Wartość prędkości wyznaczona bezpośrednio z modelu odniesienia silnika prądu stałego stanowiła wartość, do której odnoszono wyniki estymacji.Two problems are considered in the paper. One of them applies to sensorless drive with a DC motor, which uses Kalman filtering. The second problem concerns the description of performed investigations of sampling frequency effect for precision of speed estimation. The investigations concern the simulation of different cases of sensorless drive operation. The analysis regarding the speed estimation precision at voltage and load torque jumps for a different value of sample time has been performed. The speed determined directly from a mathematical model of motor is the base value for comparison

Digital state machine of power electronic device with the use of inverter’s real-time model

Artykuł przedstawia koncepcję stanowiska laboratoryjnego przeznaczonego do badań układów sterowania przekształtników energoelektronicznych. Zakłada się, że przekształtnik energoelektroniczny symulowany jest sprzętowo jako współbieżny proces w stosunku do testowanego układu sterowania. Jako platformę sprzętową wykorzystuje się układ o programowalnej strukturze logicznej umożliwiający testowanie procesu sterowania na modelu czasu rzeczywistego przekształtnika lub bezpośrednie sterowanie modelem laboratoryjnym. Jako przykład przedstawiono cyfrowy model falownika napięcia sterowany automatem realizującym przełączanie półokresowe. Prezentowana koncepcja ma zastosowanie w badaniach naukowych i dydaktyce.The article presents the concept of the laboratory stand for testing of power electronic control systems. It is assumed that the converter unit and the control process are simulated in parallel as a hardware. The hardware platform uses the programmable logical structure for testing the control process on real time inverter model or can directly control the laboratory inverter model. The digital model of the inverter voltage controlled by digital state machine that makes half-period switching was used as an example. The presented concept is applicable in scientific research and teaching

Simultaneous Real-Time Models of Power Electronics Converters

Badanie układów energoelektronicznych zarówno do celów dydaktycznych, jak i naukowych wymaga przeprowadzania testów układów sterowania i regulacji. Testy te nie zawsze kończą się sukcesem, zwłaszcza w sytuacji nieprzewidzianych zdarzeń lub niewłaściwie dobranych parame-trów sterowania. W przypadku stanowiska laboratoryjnego ewentualne zwarcia lub błędy mogą skutkować zniszczeniem wrażliwych, kosztownych elementów. W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję stanowiska laboratoryjnego przeznaczonego do fazy prototypowania, które w czasie rzeczywistym wykonywało współbieżnie obliczenia modeli przekształtników energoelektronicznych i realizowało zadania sterowania.The power electronics converters study, both for the purposes of teaching and scientific research, requires the testing of control systems and regulations. These tests do not always end with success, especially in a situation not provided for events or inappropriately selected control parameters. In the case of a laboratory station possible short circuits or errors can result in the destruction of sensitive, costly items. The article shows the concept of a laboratory station intended for prototyping phase, which in real time performed calculation in parallel of the power electronic converter models and provided the control tasks

The Use of Virtual Power Electronics Objects in the Process of Research and Teaching

Postępujący na ogromną skalę rozwój w zakresie energoelektroniki wymusza skorygowanego sposobu patrzenia na procesy badawcze i dydaktyczne odnoszące się do tych zagadnień. Coraz większą rolę zaczynają odgrywać procesy realizowane za pośrednictwem Internetu i innych środków elektronicznego przekazywania informacji. W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję wykorzystu-jącą wirtualne obiekty energoelektroniczne użyte jako narzędzie dydaktyczne, ale także jako narzędzie do badań naukowych. Jako przykład wykorzystano cyfrowy model przekształtnika prądu stałego, którego działanie w czasie rzeczywistym pozwala na prowadzenie badań na wirtualnych sygnałach emulujących wielkości fizyczne.Observed on a massive scale the development in the field of power engineering forces the ad-justed way of looking at the processes of teaching and research relating to these issues. Increasingly important are processes realized via the Internet and other electronic devices. This article presents the concept of virtual power electronics objects used as a teaching tool but also as a tool for scientific research. As an example, the virtual digital DC inverter model that works in real time was presented, which allows to conduct research on virtual signals that emulate physical quantities

Stages of Design Visualization of 2D and 3D on the Example of Single-Family Building

Przedstawiona problematyka związana z wizualizacją 2D i 3D elementów architektonicznych jest w dzisiejszych czasach bardzo aktualna. Bardzo często, można by powiedzieć, że zawsze, stało się to już standardem. W artykule przed132 stawiono etapy projektowania elementów architektonicznych od projektu do wizualizacji 2D i 3D.The problems associated with 2D and 3D visualization of architectural elements nowadays is very timely. Very often, you might say, as always, it happened already standard. The article presents the design stages of architectural elements from design to 2D and 3D visualization

The Influence of Measurement Methodology on the Accuracy of Electrical Waveform Distortion Analysis

The present paper covers a review of documents that specify measurement methods of voltage waveform distortion. It also presents measurement stages of waveform components that are uncommon in the classic fundamentals of electrotechnics and signal theory, including the creation process of groups and subgroups of harmonics and interharmonics. Moreover, the paper discusses selected distortion factors of periodic waveforms and presents analyses that compare the values of these distortion indices. The measurements were carried out in the cycle per cycle mode and the measurement methodology that was used complies with the IEC 61000-4-7 norm. The studies showed significant discrepancies between the values of analyzed parameters