Identification of a personality

Biometric technologies are based on biometrics, measurement of the unique characteristics of a certain person. These are the unique signs received by a person from birth and acquired characteristics that can change under the influence of time or external environment. This article discusses the principles of operation, types of biometric identification systems, describes examples and areas of their application

Carbon potential of climate projects in forests: methodical approach and investment decisions

This article is devoted to the description of the main methodical aspects of calculating the carbon potential of the implementation of climate projects in forests, including the initial data and formulas for such calculations. The study analyzes the basic methodical principles for calculating carbon stocks in forests (including the assessment of changes in carbon stocks in forests, assessment of carbon pools (above-ground and below-ground biomass, litter, soil, dead wood), the possibility of using conversion coefficients to assess carbon stocks for the main forest-forming species, potential approaches to assessment carbon absorption by forest lands not covered by forest vegetation), attention is focused on the basic requirements for the assessment of scenarios of climate projects in forests (baseline, project scenario), as well as on the institutional framework for assessing carbon stocks in forests (including state regulation of the implementation of climate projects in forests). On the basis of the analysis, preliminary estimates of the carbon potential of the implementation of climate projects in forests are given, their prospects are determined, the rationale for the need to assess the carbon potential based on the classification of climate projects in forests is given

A Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Solving the School Bus Routing Problem: A Case Study of Dar es Salaam

School bus routing is one of major problems facing many schools because student’s transportation system needs to efficient, safe and reliable. Because of this, the school bus routing problem (SBRP) has continued to receive considerable attention in the literature over the years. In short, SBRP seeks to plan an efficient schedule for a fleet of school buses where each bus picks up students from various bus stops and delivers them to their designated school while satisfying various constraints such as the maximum capacity of a bus, the maximum transport cost, the maximum travelling time of students in buses, and the time window to reach at school. Since school bus routing problems differ from one school to another, this paper aims to developing Simulated Annealing (SA) heuristic algorithms for solving   formulating a mathematical model for solving the student bus routing problem. The objective of the model is to minimize amount of time students in the buses from the point where they pickup to the school. We illustrate the developed model using data from five schools located at Dar es salaam, Tanzania. We present a summary of results which indicates good performance of the model. Keywords: bus stop, students, bus, simulated Annealing (SA), Objective function value, Current route, proposed route

Mathematical Formulation Model for a School Bus Routing Problem with Small Instance Data

This paper aims to describe the mathematical formulation model and an exact optimal solution analyses for a school bus routing problem with small instance data. The formulated model has been used  to compute the optimal solution of time spent by students at all bus stops, apart from that the bus stops are not necessary be linearly ordered. We also listed down five procedures of mathematical formulation model to reach an exact optimal solution for a school bus routing problem with small instance data. We assume that each bus has fixed pick up points, these generates the many possible routes for a bus, the number of routes that generated is equal to permutation of pick up points, for each route of a bus we computing the objective function and the route with smallest objective function value can be optimal route of a bus. The sample data from two schools located at Dar es Salaam are collected and validated in the model to shows the good performing of that model. The optimal solution results obtained shows that the students spent minimal minutes in new planned routes compared to current routes. Keywords: bus stop, students, buses, optimal value, optimal solution, set, pick up

RusTitW: Russian Language Text Dataset for Visual Text in-the-Wild Recognition

Information surrounds people in modern life. Text is a very efficient type of information that people use for communication for centuries. However, automated text-in-the-wild recognition remains a challenging problem. The major limitation for a DL system is the lack of training data. For the competitive performance, training set must contain many samples that replicate the real-world cases. While there are many high-quality datasets for English text recognition; there are no available datasets for Russian language. In this paper, we present a large-scale human-labeled dataset for Russian text recognition in-the-wild. We also publish a synthetic dataset and code to reproduce the generation processComment: 5 pages, 6 figures, 2 table

Biometric identification

Image recognition is an information process implemented by some information converter (intelligent information channel, recognition system) having input and output. The input of the system is fed with information about the characteristics of the objects being presented. The output of the system displays information about which classes (generalized images) the recognized objects are assigned to. When creating and operating an automated system for pattern recognition, a number of problems are solved, while for different authors the formulations of these tasks, and the set itself, do not coincide, since it depends to a certain extent on the specific mathematical model on which this or that recognition system is based. This is the task of formalizing the domain, forming a training sample, learning the recognition system, reducing the dimensionality of space

A SINGLE POWER SUPPLY 0.1-3.5 GHZ LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER DESIGN USING A LOW COST 0.5 µM D-MODE PHEMT PROCESS

Design and testing results of a single power supply wide-band low noise amplifier (LNA) based on low cost 0.5 µm D-mode pHEMT process are presented. It is shown that the designed cascode LNA has operating frequency range up to 3.5 GHz, power gain above 15 dB, noise figure below 2.2 dB, output linearity above 17 dBm and power consumption less than 325 mW. Potential immunity of the LNA to total ionizing dose and destructive single event effects exceed 300 krad and 60 MeV·cm2/mg respectively

The Shape of Learning: Anisotropy and Intrinsic Dimensions in Transformer-Based Models

In this study, we present an investigation into the anisotropy dynamics and intrinsic dimension of embeddings in transformer architectures, focusing on the dichotomy between encoders and decoders. Our findings reveal that the anisotropy profile in transformer decoders exhibits a distinct bell-shaped curve, with the highest anisotropy concentrations in the middle layers. This pattern diverges from the more uniformly distributed anisotropy observed in encoders. In addition, we found that the intrinsic dimension of embeddings increases in the initial phases of training, indicating an expansion into higher-dimensional space. Which is then followed by a compression phase towards the end of training with dimensionality decrease, suggesting a refinement into more compact representations. Our results provide fresh insights to the understanding of encoders and decoders embedding properties.Comment: Submitted to EACL-202