Diiodido[4′-(4-pyrid­yl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ3 N,N′,N′′]copper(II)

The CuII atom in the title compound, [CuI2(C20H14N4)], has a distorted square-pyramidal coordination formed by the N atoms of the tridentate 4′-(4-pyrid­yl)-2,2′:6′2′′-terpyridine (pyterpy) ligand and two I atoms; one of the I atoms is in the apical position. In contrast to other known square-pyramidal diiodido- and dibromidocopper complexes of the pyterpy ligand in which metal–halogen distances are significantly different, in the title compound the apical and equatorial Cu—I bonds are almost identical [2.6141 (8) and 2.6025 (8) Å, respectively]

Nicotinohydrazide

In the title compound (alternative name: pyridine-3-carbo­hydrazide, C6H7N3O), the asymmetric unit contains a single mol­ecule. In contrast with nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, the C=O bond is found to be oriented cis with respect to the Cipso C N fragment in the pyridine ring. The pyridine ring and the hydrazide group make a dihedral angle of 34.0 (2)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are associated into a three-dimensional framework by a combination of N—H⋯N and three-centre N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Monitoring subsidence effects in the urban area of Zonguldak Hardcoal Basin of Turkey by InSAR-GIS integration

Zonguldak Hardcoal Basin is the largest bituminous coal region in Turkey where extensive underground mining activity exists. Because of this activity subsidence effects have been experienced in different locations of the city. In this study, surface deformations caused by the subsidence have been observed by D-InSAR technique using C-Band RADARSAT data. InSAR data process of 16 RADARSAT images acquired between 24 July 2005–23 October 2006 has resulted in significant deformations in the order of about 6 cm in the most populated region of the city. The deformation map obtained has been integrated with digitized mine production maps and Quickbird Orthoimage into GIS. According to GIS analysis, there are three mine seams at different levels driven below the deformed zone. Many governmental and private buildings located in this area have a high potential risk of subsidence damage. Also, this area covers approximately 12 km of transportation routes

Direct determination of local coordinates from gps without transformation

Geodetic frameworks in most countries are still referenced to local horizontal geodetic datums. Therefore, GPS-determined geodetic networks have to be integrated to local (national) networks. In practice, this process is always achieved by a coordinate transformation. However, this common way has some difficulties. For avoiding these difficulties, an alternative way called DIDELOC is proposed in this study. The basis of this method is based on that the slope distances are datum free. Utilizing this property of slope distance, GPS baselines can be evaluated directly in local system by DIDELOC method. This method is successfully applied to the test data selected from the biggest hard coal basin of Turkey. The results show that the previous coordinates in the basin have experienced deformations caused by subsidence. © 2009 Survey Review Ltd

ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR IMPROVING TRANSFORMATION CONSISTENCY BETWEEN GEOCENTRIC AND NON-GEOCENTRIC (LOCAL) COORDINATE SYSTEMS

WOS: 000272223800008Today, GPS is the most popular surveying technique used in determination of geodetic networks, Using this technique, one can obtain point coordinates in a geocentric coordinate system. On the other hand, geodetic frameworks in many countries are referenced to local coordinate systems. Therefore, geodesists often come across transformation problems between geocentric and local coordinate systems. The 7-parameter similarity, transformation method, which reveals the real geometrical relationship between terrestrial coordinate systems, is usually the basic solution to this problem. However, this method may not always provide a transformation with a good consistency when the existing coordinates in local systems are distorted. In this case, alternative methods to the basic solution should be introduced to acquire a better consistency,. For this purpose, the polynomial method is the most common alternative in practice. In this study, two other methods, namely, the least square filtering and the artificial neural network methods, are introduced into the transformation problem. These three methods ore investigated using the data composed of the point coordinates in ITRF94 and ED50 frames which are located in the city of Istanbul in Turkey. This investigation, carried out with respect to various criteria, shows that the Most consistent results are obtained by the artificial neural network method

Figure condition in datum transformation

A complete datum transformation between two geodetic coordinate systems requires seven parameters: three translations, three rotations, and one scale factor. When a datum transformation is needed, these parameters, which are generally unknown beforehand, are computed using the common points whose coordinates are available in both systems. Therefore, the accuracies of the computed parameters depend on the accuracies of the coordinates of the common points. Accordingly, the accuracies of the point coordinates transformed by these parameters will depend on the accuracies of the parameters, along with the accuracies of the coordinates before transformation. For this reason, one should investigate whether the figure condition of the computed parameters is satisfied for all the transformation area in which the parameters will be involved. In the cases where the figure condition could not be satisfied for all the transformation area, the design of the network constituted by common points should be revised, either by adding well-distributed new common points to the network, or by dividing the transformation area into parts for which the figure conditions would be satisfied. © ASCE