The effects of different nitrogen doses on herbage and seed yields of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. caramba)

This study has been carried out during the growing seasons of 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 in Turkey, to determine the effects of different nitrogen doses on the herbage (150, 230, 310, 390, 470, 550, 630 and 710 kg ha-1) and seed yields (150, 170, 190, 210, 230, 250, 270 and 290 kg ha-1) of and some agricultural characteristics of annual ryegrass cv. “caramba”. Two different trials were established separately for the production of herbage and seed in the research. According to the two-year research, applications of different nitrogen doses are observed to be important for all properties of herbage yield and properties except for plant height of seed yield. As a result, the highest forage yield in annual ryegrass with the aim of green herbage is obtained to be of (54834 kg ha-1) 470 and (54976 kg ha-1) 550 kg ha-1 at nitrogen levels, plant height (71.9 cm), crude protein ratio (21.2%) and the yield of crude protein is (1982 kg ha-1) 470 kg ha-1. It was obtained for the seed production that the highest number of tiller (626 item/m2), fertile tiller number (483 item/m2) and grain yield are (0.54 mg) 210 kg ha-1, spikelet number per grain is (32.7 item) 250 kg ha-1 and (33.6 item) 270 kg ha-1, the highest seed yield is (343 kg ha-1) 250 kg ha-1 from the nitrogen dose application. In the light of information, the highest values were obtained from total 470 kg ha-1 nitrogen application in herbage production and 250 kg ha-1 in seed production.Key words: Crude protein, fodder crops, herbage yield, seed yield, nitrogen doses

The effect of different replications of humic acid fertilization on yield performances of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

This study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Diyarbakir, Turkey, in 2003 to 2004 and 2004 to 2005 growing seasons, in order to determine the effects of different humic acid treatments (control, soil 100%, seeds 100%, leaves 100%, soil 50% + seeds 50%, soil 50% + leaves 50%, seeds 50% + leaves 50% and seeds 33% + soil 33% + leaves 33% fertilizations) on herbage and crude protein concentration of common vetch. According to the results of this study, humic acid treatments increased the yields, and this increase was found to be significant as well as statistical. According to the two-year research, the highest value for green herbage yield (15180 kg ha-1), dry herbage yield (3045 kg ha-1) and plant height (61 cm) was obtained from soil 100% fertilizations, while the highest crude protein concentration (13.43%) was obtained from seeds 33% + soil  33% + leaves 33% fertilizations.Key words: Crude protein, fertilization, fulvic acid, humic acid and vetch

Morphological response and ion regulation in maize (Zea mays L.) varieties under salt stress

A screening study was conducted in order to determine the genotypic differences of 20 maize varieties, and to evaluate the mechanism of ion regulation under salt stress conditions. The study was arranged in a completely randomized plot design with 4 replications under controlled conditions in 2013. Seeds were planted in plastic pots with a mixture of peatperlite at a ratio of 2:1. At 27 days after sowing, the salt (NaCI) treatment was started. The varieties were classified according to the severity of the leaf damage symptoms, using symptoms score of 1-5. The fresh and dry shoot weights, fresh and dry root weight, leaf number, plant height, stem diameter, relative water content, and the shoot and root concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, and chlorine were also investigated. The varieties exposed to 250 mM NaCI application developed different mechanisms to be protected against toxic effects of Na ion. Salt tolerant varieties limited Na accumulation and acted selectively among ions. K and Ca concentrations were high in shoot and root in which Na concentration was low, and tolerant varieties had higher K/Na and Ca/Na ratios than sensitive varieties. In conclusion, the maize varieties showed a wide variation in their response to salt stress. Reliable and effective screening parameters, such as scale, shoot and root freshdry weight, ion content, for determination of salt tolerance level of the maize varieties were discussed. Overall findings suggest that PG 1661, Ada 523, Colonia, PG Pasha, and PG 1610 varieties were more tolerant varieties than the other ones

Agricultural Academy

abstract KUSVURAN, A. and V. TANSI, 2011. The effects of different row spacing on herbage and seed yields of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Caramba). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., This study has been carried out at the experimental area of the Field Crops Department of Cukurova University, Agricultural Faculty in [2003][2004], to determine the effects of different row spacing (sprinkle planting, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 cm row spacing) on the herbage and seed yields of and some agricultural characteristics of annual ryegrass cv. Caramba. According the results, average of two years the different row spacing significantly affected both herbage and hay yields, crude protein rate and yield, seed yield, tiller number and its proportion, spike length and spike weight. ) and 30 cm (341 kg ha -1 ) row spacing. It has been concluded that, for the highest herbage and seed yield, row spacing of 30 cm has been the best one

The effects of different row spacing on herbage and seed yields of annual Ry egrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Caramba)

This study has been carried out at the experimental area of the Field Crops Department of Cukurova University, Agricultural Faculty in 2003-2004, to determine the effects of different row spacing (sprinkle planting, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 cm row spacing) on the herbage and seed yields of and some agricultural characteristics of annual ryegrass cv. Caramba. According the results, average of two years the different row spacing significantly affected both herbage and hay yields, crude protein rate and yield, seed yield, tiller number and its proportion, spike length and spike weight. As a result, 20 cm row spacing 16.90% crude proteins, 30 cm row spacing 80754 kg ha -1 herbage and 14932 kg ha -1 hay and 235 kg ha -1 crude protein yields have been obtained. The highest tiller number has been obtained from sprinkle planting (877 item/m2) and 15 cm row spacing (874 item/m2), fertile tiller number (470 item/m2) from 15 cm row spacing, percentage of fertile tiller (% 63.9) from 40 cm row spacing, seed yield from 35 cm (360 kg h -1) and 30 cm (341 kg h -1) row spacing. It has been concluded that, for the highest herbage and seed yield, row spacing of 30 cm has been the best one

Effects of mixture ratio and row spacing in Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) intercropping system on yield and quality under semiarid climate conditions

This study was conducted at the Middle Kizilirmak basin of Turkey (40°20'N, 33°58'E, elevation 550 m), during the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 growing seasons, to determine the effects of different mixture ratios (sole Hungarian vetch (HV), annual ryegrass (AR); 80%HV+20%AR, 60%HV+40%AR, 40%HV+60%AR, and 20%HV+80%AR) and row spacings (20, 30, and 40 cm) on the forage yield and quality of the HV and AR intercropping system. The experiment was planned in a randomized complete block design, where a split-plot arrangement of mixture ratios was considered as the main plot with the row spacings considered as subplots. According to the mean of 2 years, the different mixture ratios and row spacings had a statistically significant effect on all of the properties. At the end of the research, among the different mixture ratios and row spacing interactions, the highest green herbage yield (33.4 t ha–1), hay yield (7.5 t ha–1), lowest neutral detergent fiber (52.2%), and crude ash (7.8%) rates were obtained from the 60%HV+40%AR mixture and 30-cm row spacing interaction. The highest crude protein (CP) rate (17%), CP yield (1156 kg ha–1) and ADF (39.5%) ratios were obtained from the 80%HV+20%AR mixture and 30-cm row spacing interaction. The highest RFV value (107) was obtained from the 80%HV+20%AR mixture and 20-cm row spacing interaction. These results show that increasing the HV ratio in the mixture has positive effects on the yield and quality, whereas raising the row spacing has adverse effects on the forage values. Therefore, 80%HV+20%AR or 60%HV+40%AR with a 30-cm row spacing interaction can be suggested for forage production in an HV and AR intercropping system. © 2014, Society of Field Crops Science. All Rights Reserved

INTERCROPPING OF HUNGARIAN VETCH (VICIA PANNONICA CRANTZ.) AND BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.) UNDER DIFFERENT PLANT VARIETIES AND MIXTURE RATES

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different varieties and mixture ratios on the forage yield and quality of a Hungarian vetch and barley intercropping system at the Middle Kizilirmak Basin of Turkey (40 degrees 202 N, 33 degrees 582 E, elevation 550 m), during the 2011-2012 and 2012 2013 growing seasons. As per the results averaged over 2 years, the different varieties and mixture ratios had significant effect on the forage yield and quality, and also the interactions for the characters studied were statistically significant. The highest Hungarian vetch rate (37.3%), green herbage (36.3 t ha(-1)) and crude protein (CP) yields (1510 kg ha(-1)) were obtained from the mixture of 80% Hungarian vetch (Tarm Beyazi-98) and 20% barley, the highest hay yield (10.5 t ha(-1)) was obtained from the mixture of 20% Hungarian vetch (Anadolu Pembesi-2002) and 80%barley. In terms of the forage quality parameters, such as crude protein rate (CPR), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and relative feed value, except for the CPR (16%, in 80% Hungarian vetch (Tarm Beyazi-98)+20% barley combination), the most desirable results were assessed (54.6%, 31.3%, and 110%, respectively) from the mixture of 80% Hungarian vetch (Ege Beyazi-79) and 20% barley. The cultivar Tarm Beyazi-98 showed the highest forage yield among the tested cultivars of Hungarian vetch, while cultivar Ege Beyazi-79 had the highest forage quality. Moreover, despite the forage yield having been increased with the increasing barley seed ratio in the mixture, the forage quality significantly decreased concurrently. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the optimal values, both in yield and quality, were obtained from the 80% Hungarian vetch +20% barley intercropping system.This study was conducted to determine the effects of different varieties and mixture ratios onthe forage yield and quality of a Hungarian vetch and barley intercropping system at the MiddleKizilirmak Basin of Turkey (40&deg;202 N, 33&deg;582 E, elevation 550 m), during the 2011&ndash;2012 and 2012&ndash;2013 growing seasons. As per the results averaged over 2 years, the different varieties and mixtureratios had significant effect on the forage yield and quality, and also the interactions for the charactersstudied were statistically significant. The highest Hungarian vetch rate (37.3%), green herbage (36.3t ha&ndash;1) and crude protein (CP) yields (1510 kg ha&ndash;1) were obtained from the mixture of 80% Hungarianvetch (Tarm Beyazi-98) and 20% barley, the highest hay yield (10.5 t ha&ndash;1) was obtained from themixture of 20% Hungarian vetch (Anadolu Pembesi-2002) and 80%barley. In terms of the foragequality parameters, such as crude protein rate (CPR), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber,and relative feed value, except for the CPR (16%, in 80% Hungarian vetch (Tarm Beyazi-98)+ 20%barley combination), the most desirable results were assessed (54.6%, 31.3%, and 110%, respectively)from the mixture of 80% Hungarian vetch (Ege Beyazi-79) and 20% barley. The cultivar Tarm Beyazi-98 showed the highest forage yield among the tested cultivars of Hungarian vetch, while cultivar EgeBeyazi-79 had the highest forage quality. Moreover, despite the forage yield having been increasedwith the increasing barley seed ratio in the mixture, the forage quality significantly decreasedconcurrently. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the optimal values, both in yieldand quality, were obtained from the 80% Hungarian vetch+ 20% barley intercropping system.</div