Keamanan Stevia Hasil Budidaya B2p2to2t Dalam Aspek Teratogenitas

Teratogenic test has been performed on sweet stevia as product of B2P2TO2T cultivation at rats (Rattus novergicus) pregnant female Wistar. Stevia sweet was administered orally at a dose of 360, 120 and 40 mg/kg bw, volume 1 ml/100g bw per day during organogenesis period, on the day of pregnancy to the 6th until 15th. During the test, test animals were observed two times daily with the distance of six hours against the toxicity symptoms such as changes in skin, hair, eyes and mucous membranes, bleeding. Animals that experienced abortion, premature birth or death during the trial period were sacrificed and observed immediately with microscopic technic. At 20th day of pregnancy all of the pregnant rat dissected, and put out the fetuses from the mother's and observated the health conditions in general and the whole of mothers reproductive systems of fetuses, the outer fetal malformation and soft tissue system of fetal. The conclusion were sweet stevia of B2P2TO2T no worse effect on the mother rats, fetal body weight and morphology of mother rats and the fetus, does not affect the process of development of fetal soft tissue, and does not affect the development of fetal skeleton. Generally the B2P2TO2T stevia sweet substances safe for used, does not cause teratogenic effects

Pengaruh Waktu Pengeringan Terhadap Kadar Tanin Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma Ulmifolia Lamk.)

The study of drying period to tannin content on Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk. was conduted to asses the optimal perod of drying as well as the maximum tannin content on the raw material. Both sun and oven drying are commonly applied in post harvest handling, but this study used only oven-dried (400C) for the following time: 6, 7, 8 hours. The tannin content was determined by spectrophotometry UV­-Vis (Folin Dennis and saturated Natrium Carbonat). Qualitative assessment analyzed by colour and sedimentation reaction. The qualitative analysis result showed that H2SO4 changed into brown, HCl changed into greenish yellow, FeCl3 changed into blackish blue, and albumin solution and gelatin induced a sediment. Quantitative analysis result showed that on 6 hours treatment (0.4833 ± 0.0254)% w/w, on 7 hours (0.5684 + 0.0096)% w/w and on 8 hours (0.6440 ± 0.0184)% w/w. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by T-Test. It was concluded that the periodof drying influenced the tannin content of Guazuma ulmifolia. The high­ est tannin content was shown by the 8 hours treatment

Application of FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics for correlation of antioxidant activities, phenolics and flavonoid contents of Indonesian Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Curcuma xanthorrhiza is one of the most commonly used herbals found in Indonesian Traditional Medicine. This herb has been known as antioxidant. The phenolics and flavonoids are believed to be responsible for these activities. The objective of this study was to develop FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectra in conjunction with chemometrics of multivariate calibration for the prediction of antioxidant activity, total phenolics contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of C. xanthorrhiza obtained from several locations in Indonesia. In this study, C. xanthorrhiza samples were subjected to antioxidant activity measurement based on DPPH radical scavenging assay and expressed by inhibition concentration of 50% (IC50), determination of TPC based on Folin-Ciocalteau reagent expressed as gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE/g) and determination of TFC based on its complexes with AlCl3 and expressed as quercetin equivalent (mg QE/g). The samples were also scanned using FTIR spectrophotometer at wavenumbers of 4000–650 cm−1 based on attenuated total reflectance (ATR) measurement. The antioxidant activities, TPC and TFC were correlated with FTIR spectra with the aid of multivariate calibration. The results showed that IC50 values of C. xanthorrhiza powder were within 0.177–0.615 mg/mL, TPC of 0.438–1.214 mg GAE/g and TFC of 0.058–0.229 mg QE/g. PLS regression for the correlation between actual values of IC50 and FTIR predicted values were of 0.9919 indicating the high accurate prediction method. From ANOVA test, the error obtained is low, i.e., 0.0027 indicating the precise method. The similar results in terms of high accuracy and precision were also obtained during the employing FTIR spectra and PLS for prediction of TPC and TFC. It can be concluded that the combination of FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics can provide the alternative methods for prediction of antioxidant activities using DPPH radical assay, TPC and TFC with the main advantage of simple in operation and minimum use of solvents

Analysis of Curcumin Contents in Curcuma xanthorrhiza using FTIR Spectroscopy and HPLC-UV in Combination with Multivariate Calibration

Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. or Java Turmeric with the local name of Temulawak is one of herbal medicines used in Indonesia. This plant is believed to prevent some degenerative diseases due to its active compounds, especially curcumin (CUR) contained in Java Turmeric. Therefore, analysis of active components including CUR is very urgent. This study highlighted the development of FTIR spectroscopy coupled with PLSR for the determination of CUR in Java Turmeric powders. The levels of CUR in Java Turmeric powders were determined using HPLC with UV detectors, and the obtained results were used as actual values to be predicted using FTIR spectroscopy-multivariate calibrations. The results revealed that the levels of CUR ranged from 0.6741 ± 0.0705% (g/100 samples) to 2.1062 ± 0.0095%. PLSR modeling for the relationship between the actual value of CUR as determined using HPLC and calculated values as predicted using FTIR spectroscopy provide the value of R2 of 0.9990 with RMSEC of 0.0028. The developed method offers reliable results providing a green analytical method due to the use of minimum solvent and reagent and does not involve extensive sample preparation