Solid Dispersion of Acetosal Using Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 in Tablets with Direct Compressing Method

Acetosal is classified in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II (low solubility, high permeability). Low solubility causes a decreased dissolution rate. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 is an inert carrier easily soluble in water and can influence the solubility of a drug substance. Efforts to increase the solubility of acetosal make a solid dispersion system. This study aims to determine the effect of the solid dispersion system of acetosal: PVP K-30 on dissolution rate, the ratio of the solid dispersion with the best dissolution rate, and the physical properties of acetosal tablets formed in the dispersion system. Solid dispersions using the dissolving method with variations in the concentration of acetosal: PVP K-30 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. The results of the dissolution test of acetosal in solid dispersion powder, i.e., PVP Formula 1:5, which has the highest dissolution percentage compared to formula 1:1 and 1:3 with the concentration this formula was 140.96 mg, dissolution percentage was 28.19±0,63% in 30 minutes. Statistical results by ANOVA test show a significant difference of 0.044 (p<0.05). The physical properties of tablets with a dispersion system show higher addition of PVP K-30. This result is related to slower disintegration time and lower friability

Solid Dispersion of Acetosal Using Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 in Tablets with Direct Compressing Method

Acetosal is classified in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II (low solubility, high permeability). Low solubility causes a decreased dissolution rate. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 is an inert carrier easily soluble in water and can influence the solubility of a drug substance. Efforts to increase the solubility of acetosal make a solid dispersion system. This study aims to determine the effect of the solid dispersion system of acetosal: PVP K-30 on dissolution rate, the ratio of the solid dispersion with the best dissolution rate, and the physical properties of acetosal tablets formed in the dispersion system. Solid dispersions using the dissolving method with variations in the concentration of acetosal: PVP K-30 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. The results of the dissolution test of acetosal in solid dispersion powder, i.e., PVP Formula 1:5, which has the highest dissolution percentage compared to formula 1:1 and 1:3 with the concentration this formula was 140.96 mg, dissolution percentage was 28.19±0,63% in 30 minutes. Statistical results by ANOVA test show a significant difference of 0.044 (p<0.05). The physical properties of tablets with a dispersion system show higher addition of PVP K-30. This result is related to slower disintegration time and lower friability

Type Of Breast Pump And The Affect To Pain Scale, Milk Production, And Pumping Time In Breastfeeding Mothers

Background: As we know that breastfeeding saves children under five lives every year, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The facts show that only 43% of infants 0-6 months are exclusively breastfed. The limited time for breast milk expression in between the mother's work routine needs to be supported by an efficient and effective pump. This study aimed to assess the type of breast pump not affect to pain scale, milk production, and pumping time in breastfeeding mothers. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 36 breastfeeding mothers in Banyumas Regency. They were chosen by distributing survey invitations through the WhatsApp group with a background breastfeeding mothers. Data was collected using the Google form, and analyzed using the Chi Square statistical test with a significance level of 95% (Alpha 0.05). Results: Chi-Square analysis test shows the Asymp value. Sig. (2-sided) for the relationship between the type of Breast Pump and the Pain Scale, the volume of breast milk expressed, and the duration of pumping are 0.001; 0.905; 0.620, so only pain scale which less than α >0,05, the others are more than α >0,05. This result means any correlation between the type of breast pump with pain scale but no correlation with the amount of milk expressed, and the time spent pumping. Conclusion: There is no relationship between the type of breast pump, the amount of milk expressed, and  the time spent pumping, but any correlation between pain scale. So breastfeeding mothers can choose any breast pump that fits their needs and consider other factors influencing breastfeeding success

Pengaruh Pemberian Vitamin C Terhadap Perubahan Profil Farmakokinetika Natrium Diklofenak pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus L.)

Obat  yang  digunakan  bersamaan  dengan  makanan  atau  minuman  dapat  mempengaruhi efek  terapi  obat  tersebut.  Natrium diklofenak  merupakan  salah satu  obat  anti inflamasi yang sering digunakan masyarakat dengan tambahan vitamin pada masa pemulihan dan menjaga kesehatan. Penelitian  ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian vitamin C terhadap  profil  farmakokinetik Natrium diklofenak pada tikus  putih.. Uji dilakukan dengan membagi 9 ekor tikus dalam 3 kelompok (tiap kelompok 3 ekor). Tiap kelompok diberi perlakuan sebagai berikut: kontrol natrium diklofenak, dosis 1 (natrium diklofenak dan 250 gram), dan dosis 2 (natrium diklofenak dan vitamin C 500 gram). Pengambilan cuplikan darah dilakukan dari vena mata tikus pada menit ke- 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 dan 360. Kadar natrium diklofenak dalam plasma diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer UV - Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimum 280 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vitamin C dapat mempengaruhi absorpsi natrium diklofenak dengan memperpanjang waktu konsentrasi plasma mencapai maksimum, menurunkan kadar maksimum natrium diklofenak dalam darah, dan vitamin C juga mempengaruhi eliminasi natrium diklofenak dengan memperpanjang waktu eliminasi natrium diklofenak

Exploring the Clinical Applications of Lemongrass Essential Oil: A Scoping Review

Lemongrass is a medicinal plant that produces essential oil with a variety of therapeutic properties. Although lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) is promising in clinical applications, the existing knowledge on the efficacy and safety of LGEO remains limited. This scoping review aimed to identify, summarize, and synthesize existing literature related to the clinical applications of LGEO to provide an overview of its potential therapeutic benefits for patients. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) were used following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to find articles published between 1 January 2013, and 1 November 2022. A total of 671 records were identified and 8 articles were included in this scoping review. The majority of patients received oromucosal and topical treatment. The results of the studies suggest that LGEO might be a useful tool in the treatment of periodontitis, gingivitis and oral malodour, with similar efficacy to chlorhexidine (anti-gingivitis effect) and doxycycline (periodontitis). Additionally, LGEO has the potential for treating pityriasis versicolor and preventing skin aging and may have anti-dandruff effects. These findings not only underscore the diverse clinical potential of LGEO but also emphasize its comparable efficacy to established treatments. Further research is imperative to comprehensively evaluate LGEO’s effectiveness, safety, mechanisms of action, potential interactions with other medications, and its long-term tolerability across diverse populations

Rasch Modelling to Assess Psychometric Validation of the Knowledge about Tuberculosis Questionnaire (KATUB-Q) for the General Population in Indonesia

Objective: This study aims to validate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the knowledge about tuberculosis questionnaire (KATUB-Q) for the general population in Indonesia. Methods: The KATUB-Q consists of three domains: general knowledge, transmission, and treatment, with 20 dichotomous items. Rasch analysis through WINSTEPS was used. Results: A total of 504 respondents from 34 provinces in Indonesia completed the survey. Based on the model fit statistics, 3 misfit items were deleted and 17 items were used. Item and person reliability, as well as Cronbach’s Alpha values were 0.99, 0.63, and 0.73, respectively, which means they achieved the minimum acceptable limit of 0.6. Based on the results, Indonesia’s Person ability analysis indicated a high level of knowledge. KATUB-Q has no significant bias item based on sex found in the differential item functioning analysis. Conclusion: KATUB-Q has 17 items with a valid and reliable instrument; hence, it can be used to measure the knowledge about TB in the general population. Practice implications: The unidimensional structure of the core items of the KATUB-Q provides empirical evidence for using the sum score of the items in practice to evaluate the effectiveness of TB education in the general population

EFEK ANTI HIPERGLIKEMIA DAPAGLIFOZINE MONOTERAPI DAN KOMBINASI DENGAN METFORMIN PADA MENCIT

Penyakit metabolik yang melibatkan insulin dikenal dengan diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan suatu gangguan yang melibatkan gangguan pada metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak dan protein yang berakibat pada peningkatan kadar glukosa darah. Diabetes melitus dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu usia, obesitas, riwayat keluarga, gangguan metabolisme glukosa, dan gaya hidup. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana efek setelah pemberian dapagliflozin tunggal dan kombinasi dengan metformin terhadap peningkatan gula darah puasa dan gula darah sewaktu pada mencit putih dengan induksi aloksan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental, data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan One Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variant) dengan signifikansi = 0,05, pengujian deilanjutkan dengan LSD Post Hoc Test untuk mengetahui perbedaan setiap kelompok perlakuan. Pengolahan data diproses dengan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa kelompok dapagliflozin monoterapi menunjukan penurunan profil kadar gula darah dengan nilai rata-rata selisih sebesar 39,48 mg/dL. Dapaglifozin-Metformin Kombinasi juga menggambarkan penurunan kadar gula darah dengan nilai rata-rata selisih sebesar 43.21 mg/dL. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan untuk terapi kombinasi anti diabetes menghasilkan efektivitas yang dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah dengan lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan dapaglifozin secara monoterapi. Analisis One way Anova penggunaan Dapagliflozin monoterapi menunjukan nilai F hitung 3.571311 dan nilai F tabel 3.4668, artinya terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna, oleh karena itu dianalisis lebih lanjut menggunakan uji LSD (BNT) kelompok dapagliflozin tunggal menunjukan nilai rata-rata kelompok 1 berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok 2 dan 3 , karena notasinya berbeda. Namun untuk yang terapi kombinasi Dapagliflozin-Metformin menunjukan nilai F hitung 1.351435 dan nilai F 3.468, artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna

Antibiotic use in elderly patients in ambulatory care: A comparison between Hungary and Sweden

Background: The elderly use antibiotics frequently due to their increasing infection susceptibility. Given the high and increasing proportion of elderly in the population, their antibiotic use is substantial. Objective: This study aimed to compare antibiotic use in the elderly in the ambulatory care sector between Hungary and Sweden

Five years of antibiotic consumption for urinary tract infection patients in Indonesia’s Provincial Public Hospital

This retrospective study aimed to analyze antibiotic utilization and trends in urinary tract infection (UTI) patients without comorbidities at a Provincial Public Hospital in Indonesia. The data of 183 eligible patients who received antibiotics for UTI treatment from 2017 to 2021 were analyzed using the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification system. Antibiotic utilization was measured in Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 100 patient-days and Drug Utilization 90% (DU 90%) index. The study revealed fluctuating utilization, with 2018 (51.32 DDD/100 patient-days) and 2017 (37.22 DDD/100 patient-days) showing the highest and lowest antibiotic utilization, respectively. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were ceftriaxone injection, cefixime oral, and levofloxacin injection, while ampicillin and amoxicillin oral were the least utilized. These findings provide valuable insights into antibiotic prescribing patterns for UTIs, highlighting fluctuating antibiotic utilization and the need for appropriate antibiotic stewardship strategies in primary care settings