State-to-State Kinetic Theory Approach for Transport and Relaxation Processes in Viscous Reacting Gas Flows

Abstract. In the paper, the description of non-equilibrium reacting gas flows taking into account detailed vibrational and chemical kinetics is considered on the basis of the kinetic theory methods. The kinetic models for transport and relaxation processes are presented, and peculiar features of transport coefficients in the state-to-state approach for reacting flows are demonstrated. Contribution of different dissipative processes to the diffusion velocity and heat flux is discussed. The statedependent rate coefficients for vibrational energy transitions, dissociation, recombination and exchange chemical reactions are studied in the zero-and first-order approximations of modified Chapman-Enskog method. Practical applications of proposed models for non-equilibrium gas-dynamics problems are discussed

Psychophysiological Indexes of Interpersonal Synchrony in Mentor-Mentee Dyads

Исследование направлено на оценку психофизиологических показателей межличностной синхронизации методом одновременной регистрации электроэнцефалограммы (ЭЭГ) диады наставника и наставляемого во время различных условий взаимодействия. Предварительный анализ демонстрирует значимо более высокие ЭЭГ показатели синхронизации в условии состоянии покоя, чем в интеракционных (при доминировании уровня синхронизации в свободном общении) и отсутствие различий между показателями синхронизации до и после взаимодействия.The current study focuses on mentor-mentee dyads interpersonal psychophysiological synchrony assessment by simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) while various interaction settings. Preliminary analysis showed significantly higher psychophysiological synchrony in resting state EEG than in interactional settings (with dominance of synchrony in free communication than in discussion) and no difference between synchrony in pre and post interaction resting states

State-to-State Kinetic Theory Approach for Transport and Relaxation Processes in Viscous Reacting Gas Flows

Abstract. In the paper, the description of non-equilibrium reacting gas flows taking into account detailed vibrational and chemical kinetics is considered on the basis of the kinetic theory methods. The kinetic models for transport and relaxation processes are presented, and peculiar features of transport coefficients in the state-to-state approach for reacting flows are demonstrated. Contribution of different dissipative processes to the diffusion velocity and heat flux is discussed. The statedependent rate coefficients for vibrational energy transitions, dissociation, recombination and exchange chemical reactions are studied in the zero-and first-order approximations of modified Chapman-Enskog method. Practical applications of proposed models for non-equilibrium gas-dynamics problems are discussed

Fluorescence Analysis of E. coli Bacteria in Water

The fluorescence analysis of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria was done. It has been established that a luminescent signal from the one of metabolites (reduction form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH) can be adopted as a vitality indicator of the bacteria. This signal was chosen as an analytical signal. It was determined that the nature of this signal is fluorescence. In order to eliminate influence of the light scattering on this fluorescence signal optimal conditions were chosen

Effect of cerebrolysin on motor function restoration during medical rehabilitation

Ischemic stroke (IS) is characterized by high prevalence, mortality, and disability rates. Therapy aimed to correct one biochemical or molecular stage of ischemic cell injury fails to treat stroke, suggesting that it is necessary to study multimodality therapy affecting several related pathophysiological components.The paper gives the January 2016 results of the randomized placebo-controlled multicenter study CARS that demonstrates the positive effect of cerebrolysin versus placebo according to the primary efficiency criterion, the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scale, and total outcome 90 days after disease onset. The investigation enrolled mainly patients with moderate or severe IS (the mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 9 at baseline).The specific features of the CARS study versus those of other clinical trials of neuroprotectors were the initial planning of narrower end criteria of efficiency (arm motor function recovery whereas the major goal of many investigations was to reduce mortality rates), as well as a standardized rehabilitation program in both treatment groups. Such investigations did not previously take into account the nature and volume of rehabilitation measures although the latter may have a substantial impact on the outcome of stroke.The CARS study is the first among the previously conducted clinical trials of neuroprotectors, which has attained the primary objective (to restore motor function), which opens up fresh opportunities for the medical support of rehabilitation measures in patients with IS

Scattering properties of singular and aggregate atmospheric hexagonal ice particles

This paper presents the results of calculating and analyzing the light scattering matrix of aggregates of atmospheric hexagonal ice particles located in cirrus clouds. Two types of basic particle shapes for aggregates are considered: a hexagonal column and a hexagonal plate. For both forms, two types of particle arrangement in aggregates were chosen: compact and non-compact. As a result, 4 sets of aggregates were built: compact hexagonal columns, non-compact hexagonal columns, compact hexagonal plates, and non-compact hexagonal plates. Each set consists of 9 aggregates differing in the number of particles in them, and the particles in each individual aggregate have the same shape and size, but different spatial orientation. The light scattering matrices for all aggregates were calculated for the case of arbitrary orientation in the geometric optics approximation. Dependences of the first element of the matrix on the number of particles in aggregate, with different types of particle arrangement, and for two types of shapes are give

Data bank of light backscattering matrices for atmospheric ice crystals of non-convex shape for wavelengths 0.355, 0.532, 1.064 μm

This paper presents the results of calculation and analyzes the light scattering matrix of random oriented ice particles of non-convex shape (hollow column) with cavity angles from 0 to 50 degrees for lidar wavelengths of 0.355, 0.532, and 1.064 microns and refractive indices of 1.3249, 1.3116, and 1.3004. The calculation was carried out within both physical and geometrical optics approximation methods for particle sizes varied from 10 to 100 microns. As a result, it is shown that differential scattering cross-section for non-convex shape (hollow column) demonstrates a power-law dependence on the particle size. However, the linear depolarization ratio has no simple dependence on particle size and is practically independent of wavelength for small particles (L<50 μm). The linear depolarization ratio increases from 0.2 up to 0.5–0.8 with an increase of the cavity angle of the crystal. The elements of the light scattering matrix depending on scattering and cavity angle are give

Backscattering Mueller matrices of 10-100 μm atmospheric ice particles for interpretation of ground-based and space-born lidar data

The paper presents a solution to the problem of light scattering by hexagonal atmospheric plates and columns, as well as irregularly shaped particles with sizes from 10 to 100 microns. The solution is presented in the form of a databank of light backscattering matrices. The solution was obtained for typical wavelengths used in laser sensing problems: 0.355, 0.532, 1.064 μm; as well as for the wavelengths of the near infrared range: 1.55, 2 and 2.15 μm. At wavelengths of 0.532 and 1.064 μm, in addition to the refractive index of ice, the refractive index of the dust aerosol was used: 1.48+i0.002 and 1.6+i0.002, respectively. The solution was obtained within the framework of the physical optics method developed by the authors. Based on the calculated light backscattering matrices, the values of the color and linear depolarization ratios were obtained. It is shown that the power laws previously identified by the authors are violated in the presence of absorption, in particular, for hexagonal particles with sizes up to 100 μm, with an imaginary part of the refractive index greater than i0.0004, significant deviations from the power law are observed. For irregularly shaped particles at wavelengths for which there is no absorption, smooth power law dependences are seen