Comparasion of Iles-iles and Cassava Tubers as a Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Substrate Fermentation for Bioethanol Production

Kusmiyati (2010) Comparasion of iles-iles and cassava tubers as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae substrate fermentation forbioethanol production. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 7-13. The production of bioethanol increase rapidly because it is renewable energy thatcan be used to solve energy crisis caused by the depleting of fossil oil. The large scale production bioethanol in industry generally usefeedstock such as sugarcane, corn, and cassava that are also required as food resouces. Therefore, many studies on the bioethanolprocess concerned with the use raw materials that were not competing with food supply. One of the alternative feedstock able to utilizefor bioethanol production is the starchy material that available locally namely iles-iles (Amorphophallus mueller Blum). The contain ofcarbohydrate in the iles-iles tubers is around 71.12 % which is slightly lower as compared to cassava tuber (83,47%). The effect ofvarious starting material, starch concentration, pH, fermentation time were studied. The conversion of starchy material to ethanol havethree steps, liquefaction and saccharification were conducted using α-amylase and amyloglucosidase then fermentation by yeastS.cerevisiaie. The highest bioethanol was obtained at following variables starch:water ratio=1:4 ;liquefaction with 0.40 mL α-amylase(4h); saccharification with 0.40 mL amyloglucosidase (40h); fermentation with 10 mL S.cerevisiae (72h) producing bioethanol 69,81g/L from cassava while 53,49 g/L from iles-iles tuber. At the optimum condition, total sugar produced was 33,431 g/L from cassavawhile 16,175 g/L from iles-iles tuber. The effect of pH revealed that the best ethanol produced was obtained at pH 5.5 duringfermentation occurred for both cassava and iles-iles tubers. From the results studied shows that iles-iles tuber is promising feedstockbecause it is producing bioethanol almost similarly compared to cassava

Nutrisi Di Awal Perkembangan

. Numbers and kinds of nutrition was needed for baby development and growth process. If need of the nutrition enough, the baby will growing accord with the age development and grow and increasing the quality of live. Nutrient deficiency in the early development will effect for quality of live next year. ASI is a main nutrition for baby post natal. After 6 month ASI was not enough for baby that is they must intake of add nutrition of ASI accord with the age and accordingly to digestive system with the result that the nutrient of nutrition can be absorption

Pendekatan Kontekstualdalam Pembelajaran Ipa(biologi) Di Sekolah Menengah Pertama

. Contextual learning is learning concept that encourages students to construct their knowledge by themselves. The learning process is naturally in the form of student\u27s activity and experience, not by transfer the knowledge from teacher. The aim of the application of contextual learning on biology will be more effective and efficient. The task of the teacher is controlling class and to decide learning strategy and method, so that the students experience concepts what they learnt by themselves

Nyeri Haid, Penyebab, Dan Penanggulangannya

Haid atau menstruasi merupakan pelepasan dinding endometrium disertai darah. Nyeri sering menyertai kejadian menstruasi, sebagai hasil kontraksi kuat miometrium yang terjadi menjelang dan selama menstruasiFaktor penyebab nyeri haid bermacam-macam, antara lain faktor endokrin, kejiwaan dan faktor lain yang terkait dengan alat reproduksi. Nyeri dapat terjadi karena sekresi prostaglandin yang berlebih. Umumnya perempuan yangmengalami nyeri haid tidak terlalu memperhatikan atau tidak merawat dengan khusus, karena kejadiannya sudah biasa, namun ada pula yang merasa sangat tidak nyaman. Nyeri haid dapat dikurangi dengan obat anti peradangan atauobat yang menghambat biosintesis prostaglandin, dan dengan tanpa obat seperti pijat, kompres hangat, mendengarkan musik, menonton televisi atau melatih pernafasan.Kata kunci : HaidAbstrac : Menstruation is the release of endometrium wall accompanied by blood. Menstrual cramps are the results of strong myometrial contraction that occur just before and during menstruation period. The causes of menstrual cramps could be endocrine, psychological and other factors related to reproduction organ. The cramps may be due to excessive prostaglandin secretion. Generally, women ignore the menstrual cramps because it is the monthly routine, but others feel extremely uncomfortable Menstrual cramp (painful) can be reduced by taking anti-inflamantory drugs or drugs which inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis or non medicinal practices like massase, warm compress, listening to music, watching television, or breathing relaxation

Hubungan Rawat Gabung Dengan Kelancaran Produksi Asi Pada Ibu Post Partum Normal Di Irina D Bawah BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D.Kandou Manado

Latar belakang : Cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif menurut Data Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2010 yang masih rendah yaitu 15,3% dikarenakan ibu merasa bahwa ASI tidak cukup atau tidak keluar pada hari -hari pertama kelahiran bayi, karena ibu bekerja dan karena adanya perasaan cemas sehingga merasa ASI kurang cukup. Rawat gabung akan membantu memperlancar pemberian ASI. Karena dalam tubuh ibu menyusui ada hormon oksitosin. Hormon ini sangat berpengaruh pada keadaan emosi ibu.Tujuan : untuk mengetahui hubungan rawat gabung bayi baru lahir dengan kelancaran produksi ASI pada ibu post partum normal di Irina D Bawah BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Tahun 2013.Metode : yaitu metode deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu post partum normal di Irina D Bawah BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado pada bulan Maret– April Tahun 2013 yang berjumlah 90 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara purposive sampling dan analisis data menggunakan uji chi square.Hasil : penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rawat gabung ibu post partum normal di IRINA D Bawah BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado yang dilakukan rawat gabung berjumlah 65 responden (72,2%), dan yang tidak dilakukan rawat gabung berjumlah 25 responden (27,8%), sedangkan pada kelancaran produksi ASI pada ibu post partum normal di IRINA D Bawah BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado pada kategori lancar berjumlah 63 responden (70%), dan kategori tidak lancar berjumlah 27 responden (30%) dengan nilai ρ sebesar 0,001 (ρ < 0,05) artinya ada hubungan antara rawat gabung dengan kelancaran produksi ASI pada ibu post partum normal di IRINA D Bawah BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

Faktor – Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemilihan Kontrasepsi Pasangan Usia Subur Di Puskesmas Damau Kabupaten Talaud

Latar Belakang : Penggunaan alat kontrasepsi di Indonesia pada Januari 2012 yaitu IUD 3.669.455 (11,5%), MOW 1.120.540 (3,51%), MOP 220.571 (0,69%), Kondom 907.949 (2,85%), Implan 2.782.759 (8,72%), Suntik 14.812.333 (46,44%), Pil 8.381.396 (26,28%)11. Jenis kontrasepsi yang paling banyak digunakan adalah suntik.Tujuan : penelitian ini adalah menganalisa hubungan antara faktor sosial ekonomi, pendidikan, partisipasi suami/isteri, umur dan paritas dengan pemilihan jenis kontrasepsi.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik17 dengan desain personal interview, besar sampel 303 Pasangan Usia Subur yang ditentukan secara Proporsional Random Sampling15 dari 8 desa wilayah kerja Puskesmas Damau, instrument yang digunakan adalah Check-List, hasil penelitian di analisa menggunakan Uji ‘Chi-Square X².Hasil penelitian : menunjukkan sebagian besar responden memilih non Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang. Faktor sosial ekonomi, pendidikan, partisipasi suami/isteri, umur memiliki hubungan dengan pemilihan kontrasepsi, dan faktor paritas tidak memiliki hubungan dengan pemilihan kontrasepsi. Kesimpulan : bahwah faktor yang memiliki hubungan dengan pemilihan kontrasepsi adalah sosial ekonomi (ρ= 0.000), pendidikan (ρ= 0.000), partisipasi suami/isteri (ρ= 0.000), umur (ρ= 0.0520), faktor paritas (ρ= 0.726) tidak memiliki hubungan dengan pemilihan kontrasepsi

Efektivitas Kompres Iodine Terhadap Zona Hambat Staphylococcus Aureus Pada Ulkus Diabetikum

Effectivity of Iodine Compress to Blocking Zone of Staphylococcus aureus in Diabetes Ulcers. Diabetic foot ulcers is one of diabetes chronic complications that might lead to leg amputations. Staphylococcus aureus is known as the cause of infection in diabetic foot ulcers. One of techniques to prevent diabetic foot amputations is wound care. Various materials are known to be used to compress diabetic foot ulcers. These include of using honey, sugar, 10% of Iodine and 0.9% of NaCl. This study aimed ttify to identify the effectiveness of various wound care materials to block Staphylococcus aureus. This is an in vitro experiment study to investigate the effetiveness of six wound care materials used to wounds compress: distilled water, sugar, 10% of Iodine, a mixture of sugar and Iodine, honey and 0.9% of NaCl. Experiments were carried out in 10 times to determine the average size of block area in 24 hours. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and soiled with various wound compressss materialls. The results showed that honey produced 0.4 mm of a blocking zone, 3.0 mm for glucose, 0.0 mm for distilled water, 0.0 mm for 0.9% of NaCl, 8.3 mm for 10% of Iodine, and 6.0 mm for mixed-Iodine Sugar. Ten percents of Iodine produced the widest zone to block Staphylicoccus aureus. This study recommends of apllying a 10% of Iodine compress if there is a positive culture of Staphylococcus aureus. A further in vivo study is a necessity to investigate the effectiveness of Iodine to diabetes foot ulcers

Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran Discovery Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Kelas VIII Di SMPN 3 Gunungsari Tahun Ajaran 2014/2015

: Natural science instruction in school, teachers are expected to put more emphasize on the provision of direct learning experience through the use and development of process skills and scientific attitude, to develop competence as an important aspect of life skills, so that learning science could be vehicle for students to learn about themselves and the nature around. Therefore, needful learning strategy oriented to students, one of which is a discovery learning strategy. This study aims to determine the effect of discovery learning strategy to students' critical thinking skills in science in the SMPN 3 Gunungsari Academic Year 2014/2015. This study was a quasi-experimental research design with nonequivalen control group design. The population of this study were all students at grade VIII which divided into five classes, using cluster random sampling technique was obtained sample class as a class experiment VIIIA and VIIIB class as the control class. This research was conducted at SMPN 3 Gunungsari, in October to November 2014. The research instrument consisted of a test of critical thinking skills, observation of student activity sheets, and teacher observation sheet activities. Data were analyzed using hypothesis testing polled variance t-test at 5% significance level. The results indicating that the average value of critical thinking skills experimental class is higher than the control class (73.7> 65.8). Hypothesis test results indicating that t-test is higher than t-table (tcount3,21> ttable2,02), so it can be concluded that the discovery learning strategies having an effect on students' critical thinking skills in natural science instruction in class VIII SMP 3 Gunungsari academic year 2014/201