New opportunities of differential diagnosis of biological tissues polycrystalline structure using methods of Stokes correlometry

A new method of Stokes correlometry of polarization-inhomogeneous images of biological layers is presented. Analytic relations are determined for the phase of complex parameters of the Stokes vector. A method for measuring the coordinate distributions of the magnitude of the phase of two-point parameters of the Stokes vector is proposed. Objective criteria for differentiating the optical anisotropy of the histological sections of tissue biopsy of the female reproductive tissue (FRT) of different pathologies have been found. An excellent level of balanced accuracy of differential diagnostics has been achieved

Jones matrix polarization-correlation mapping of biological crystals networks

It has been proposed the optical model of Jones-matrix description of mechanisms of optical anisotropy of polycrystalline films of human bile, namely optical activity and birefringence. The algorithm of reconstruction of distributions of parameters - optical rotation angles and phase shifts of the indicated anisotropy types has been elaborated. The objective criteria of differentiation of bile films taken from healthy donors and patients with cholelithiasis by means of statistic analysis of such distributions have been determined. The operational characteristics (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) of Jones-matrix reconstruction method of optical anisotropy parameters were defined

Jones matrix polarization-correlation mapping of biological crystals networks

The structure of biological layers can be considered as structurally inhomogeneous one. Laser polarimetry was formed recently as a new separate approach within matrix optics. This research is aimed on generalization of optical anisotropy of optically thin layers of bile films and the development of the method of Jones-matrix reconstruction of anisotropy parameters of polycrystalline networks in the task of cholelithiasis early diagnostics

Показатели кислородного статуса как маркеры дисфункции почек у новорожденных в критическом состоянии

Objective: to study whether the use of donor blood components can be reduced in patients with baseline anemia during endo-prosthetic replacement of the hip joint. Subjects and methods. The trial was carried out in 262 patients, including 233 patients who had normal preoperative hemoglobin levels and 29 were found to have anemia that was perioperatively corrected using erythropoiesis stimulants (Eprex® (Silag AG, Switzerland)). The patients with normal hemoglobin levels were operated on under normotensive spinal anesthesia (SA) (n=129) and spinal anesthesia with moderate controlled intraoperative hypotension during infusion of microdoses of adrenaline (n=104). All the patients with baseline anemia were operated on under SA with moderate controlled intraoperative hypotension. Results. Preoperative hemopoiesis stimulation in patients with anemia caused a significant increase in hemoglobin and red blood cells in the preoperative period. The volume of intraoperative, drainage, and total blood losses under SA in patients with intraoperative moderate hypotension was significantly lower than that in those with normotensive SA. Throughout the hospitalization, hemotransfusions during erythropoiesis stimulation were needed in 17% of the patients with baseline anemia, in 7% of those with normal preoperative hemoglobin levels, operated on under SA with moderate intraoperative hypotension, and in 40% of those operated on under normotensive SA. Conclusion. The use of erythropoiesis stimulants during preoperative preparation of patients with baseline anemia makes it possible to substantially elevate hemoglobin before surgery and to avoid its considerable postoperative decrease. That of SA with moderate controlled hypotension during endoprosthetic replacement of the hip joint results in the volume of perioperative blood loss, which permits avoidance of packed donor red blood cells in the majority of patients with preoperative anemia during its correction with erythropoiesis stimulants. Key words: endoprosthetic replacement of the hip joint, erythro-poiesis stimulants, spinal anesthesia, blood loss, blood transfusion.Исследование посвящено вопросам патогенеза и ранней диагностики дисфункции почек у недоношенных новорожденных с низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела (ЭНМТ). Цель исследования . Изучение особенностей механизмов развития острой почечной недостаточности (ОПН) у новорожденных с низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела и использование анализа показателей кислородного статуса как метода ранней диагностики ОПН у новорожденных. Материал и методы. В исследование было включено 172 новорожденных ребенка с массой тела при рождении от 800 до 1500 г. Всем детям ежедневно проводилось исследование показателей газового состава и кислотно-основного состояния крови, а также кислородного статуса с анализом всех показателей, отражающих наличие тканевой гипоксии. Результаты исследования. Существенных различий при анализе показателей кислородного статуса в зависимости от массы тела ребенка выявлено не было. Было продемонстрировано, что развитие дисфункции почек и ОПН у новорожденных с низкой и ЭНМТ чаще всего обусловлено прогрессированием респираторной недостаточности и тканевой гипоксии, что свидетельствует о вторичном характере поражения почек в структуре синдрома полиорганной недостаточности. Выявлено, что наличие отеков имеет прямую корреляционную связь с фракцией физиологического шунта и индексом оксигенации и обратную умеренную корреляцию с напряжением кислорода в крови и респираторным индексом. Кроме этого, выявлена обратная корреляционная связь между концентрацией лактата в сыворотке крови и объемом диуреза за сутки. Темп почасового диуреза имеет прямую корреляционную связь с респираторным индексом и обратную — с индексом оксигенации. Заключение. Дисфункция почек и острая почечная недостаточность у новорожденных в структуре синдрома полиорганной дисфункции носит вторичный характер и тесно связана с прогрессированием респираторной недостаточности, о чем свидетельствуют показатели кислородного статуса, которые могут быть использованы для прогнозирования и ранней диагностики ОПН у новорожденных с низкой и ЭНМТ. Ключевые слова: острая почечная недостаточность, дисфункция почек, новорожденные, низкая и экстремально низкая масса тела, гипоксия, кислородный статус, синдром полиорганной дисфункции

2D-Mueller-matrix tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks of biological tissues histological sections

tA new technique of Mueller-matrix mapping of the birefringent structure of biological preparations ofhuman organs tissues is suggested. The algorithms of reconstruction of average values and magnitudeof fluctuations of the phase (birefringence) and amplitude (dichroism) of optically anisotropic structureof myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall histological section are proposed.The magnitudes and ranges of changes in the statistical moments of the 1st-4th order that characterizethe distribution of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of birefringence and dichroism of themyocardium and connective tissue of the vaginal tissues histological sections were determined. Jointstudies of distributions of the characteristics of phase and amplitude of the anisotropy of myocardiumand connective tissue component of the vaginal wall tissues of different states were performed. The casesof various necrotic changes in the myocardium and pathological conditions of the vagina wall (prolapse ofthe genitals) are examined. Balanced accuracy of the method of Mueller-matrix polarization-phase anddiffuse tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks in the differentiation of necroticand pathological changes in human organs is determined

Oxygen Status Parameters as Markers of Renal Dysfunction in Neonatal Infants with Critical Status

Objective: to study whether the use of donor blood components can be reduced in patients with baseline anemia during endo-prosthetic replacement of the hip joint. Subjects and methods. The trial was carried out in 262 patients, including 233 patients who had normal preoperative hemoglobin levels and 29 were found to have anemia that was perioperatively corrected using erythropoiesis stimulants (Eprex® (Silag AG, Switzerland)). The patients with normal hemoglobin levels were operated on under normotensive spinal anesthesia (SA) (n=129) and spinal anesthesia with moderate controlled intraoperative hypotension during infusion of microdoses of adrenaline (n=104). All the patients with baseline anemia were operated on under SA with moderate controlled intraoperative hypotension. Results. Preoperative hemopoiesis stimulation in patients with anemia caused a significant increase in hemoglobin and red blood cells in the preoperative period. The volume of intraoperative, drainage, and total blood losses under SA in patients with intraoperative moderate hypotension was significantly lower than that in those with normotensive SA. Throughout the hospitalization, hemotransfusions during erythropoiesis stimulation were needed in 17% of the patients with baseline anemia, in 7% of those with normal preoperative hemoglobin levels, operated on under SA with moderate intraoperative hypotension, and in 40% of those operated on under normotensive SA. Conclusion. The use of erythropoiesis stimulants during preoperative preparation of patients with baseline anemia makes it possible to substantially elevate hemoglobin before surgery and to avoid its considerable postoperative decrease. That of SA with moderate controlled hypotension during endoprosthetic replacement of the hip joint results in the volume of perioperative blood loss, which permits avoidance of packed donor red blood cells in the majority of patients with preoperative anemia during its correction with erythropoiesis stimulants. Key words: endoprosthetic replacement of the hip joint, erythro-poiesis stimulants, spinal anesthesia, blood loss, blood transfusion

Assessing the effectiveness of ‘pulse radiofrequency treatment of dorsal root ganglion’ in patients with chronic lumbar radicular pain: study protocol for a randomized control trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chronic lumbar radicular pain can be described as neuropathic pain along the distribution of a particular nerve root. The dorsal root ganglion has been implicated in its pathogenesis by giving rise to abnormal impulse generation as a result of irritation, direct compression and sensitization. Chronic lumbar radicular pain is commonly treated with medications, physiotherapy and epidural steroid injections. Epidural steroid injections are associated with several common and rarer side effects such as spinal cord infarction and death. It is essential and advantageous to look for alternate interventions which could be effective with fewer side effects.</p> <p>Pulse radio frequency is a relatively new technique and is less destructive then conventional radiofrequency. Safety and effectiveness of pulse radio frequency in neuropathic pain has been demonstrated in animal and humans studies. Although its effects on dorsal root ganglion have been studied in animals there is only one randomized control trial in literature demonstrating its effectiveness in cervical radicular pain and none in lumbar radicular pain. Our primary objective is to study the feasibility of a larger trial in terms of recruitment and methodology. Secondary objectives are to compare the treatment effects and side effects.</p> <p>Methods/designs</p> <p>This is a single-center, parallel, placebo-controlled, triple-blinded (patients, care-givers, and outcome assessors), randomized control trial. Participants will have a history of chronic lumbar radicular pain for at least 4 months in duration. Once randomized, all patients will have an intervention involving fluoroscopy guided needle placement to appropriate dorsal root ganglion. After test stimulation in both groups; the study group will have a pulse radio frequency treatment at 42°C for 120 s to the dorsal root ganglion, with the control group having only low intensity test stimulation for the same duration. Primary outcome is to recruit at least four patients every month with 80% of eligible patients being recruited. Secondary outcomes would be to assess success of intervention through change in the visual analogue scale measured at 4 weeks post intervention and side effects. Allocation to each group will be a 1:1 ratio with allocation block sizes of 2, 4, and 6.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01117870</p