Avaliação do ciclo de vida dos materiais de uma habitação de interesse social em alvenaria convencional, light steel framing e light wood framing

Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Adriana de Paula Lacerda SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Construção Civil. Defesa : Curitiba, 04/04/2019Inclui referências: p.106-118Resumo: A construção civil figura entre os principais setores responsáveis pelos maiores impactos ambientais no mundo, parte devido à indústria do cimento. Como alternativas ao sistema construtivo em alvenaria convencional (AC), que é amplamente utilizado no Brasil e que consome grandes quantidades de cimento, existem sistemas inovadores como o light wood framing (LWF) e o light steel framing (LSF). O objetivo desta dissertação foi descrever o processo de avaliação do ciclo de vida dos materiais utilizados em uma edificação em AC, LWF e LSF para identificar os impactos ambientais. Como estudo de caso foi selecionada uma habitação de interesse social (HIS) padrão para pré-dimensionamento das estruturas e quantificação de materiais. A ACV foi realizada no software SimaPro com uso da base de dados Ecoinvent e do método IMPACT 2002+. Foram avaliadas as contribuições nas categorias de acidificação aquática, acidificação terrestre, aquecimento global, depleção da camada de ozônio, ecotoxicidade aquática, ecotoxicidade terrestre e eutrofização segundo: i) os materiais de construção utilizados em cada fase do ciclo de vida (pré-operação, operação e pós-operação) para os três sistemas; ii) as etapas da construção (subestrutura, superestrutura, vedações e cobertura) para os três sistemas; iii) a comparação entre os três sistemas construtivos ; e iiii) a comparação entre os dados da base adaptados e os originais. Na AC, de modo geral os materiais que mais impactaram as categorias avaliadas foram o bloco cerâmico, o cimento Portland e a telha cerâmica; no LWF foram a chapa de gesso, o OSB e a telha cerâmica; no LSF foram o aço e o tratamento de zincagem. A etapa pré-operacional foi a mais relevante para todos os sistemas construtivos. A maioria das categorias mostrou que o LSF apresentou as maiores contribuições para os impactos em análise, ao passo que o LWF apresentou as menores participações. As conclusões deste trabalho contribuem para a literatura nacional crescente de ACVs na construção civil e nas tomadas de decisão acerca de materiais e sistemas construtivos mais sustentáveis ambientalmente. Palavras-chave: Avaliação do ciclo de vida. Alvenaria convencional. Light wood framing. Light steel framing. Impactos ambientais.Abstract: Civil construction is among the main sectors responsible for the greatest environmental impacts in the world, partly due to the cement industry. As alternatives to the conventional masonry system (CA), which is widely used in Brazil and consumes large quantities of cement, there are innovative systems such as light wood framing (LWF) and light steel framing (LSF). The aim of this work was to describe the process of evaluating the life cycle of the materials used in a building in AC, LWF and LSF to identify environmental impacts. As a case study, a standard social housing (HIS) was selected for the pre-dimensioning of structures and quantification of materials. The ACV was performed in the SimaPro software using the Ecoinvent database and the IMPACT 2002+ method. The contributions in the categories of aquatic acidification, terrestrial acidification, global warming, ozone layer depletion, aquatic ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity and eutrophication were evaluated according to: i) the building materials used in each phase of the life cycle (pre-operation, operation and postoperation) for the three systems; ii) the construction stages (substructure, superstructure, walls and roofing) for the three systems; iii) the comparison between the three construction systems; and iiii) the comparison between the adapted database and the original one. In AC, the materials that most affected the categories evaluated were ceramic block, Portland cement and ceramic tile; in the LWF were gypsum board, OSB and ceramic tile; in the LSF were steel and zinc coating treatment. The preoperational stage was the most relevant for all construction systems. Most of the categories showed that the LSF presented the largest contributions to the impacts under analysis, while the LWF showed the smallest participations. The conclusions of this work contribute to the growing national LCA literature on construction and decision making about more environmentally sustainable building materials and systems. Keywords: Life cycle assessment. Conventional masonry. Light wood framing. Light steel framing. Environmental impacts

Mast Cell Infiltration is Associated with Myelofibrosis and Angiogenesis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Myelodysplastic syndromes are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by persistent peripheral cytopenia with morphological and functional abnormalities of hematopoietic cells. Mast cells infiltrate into or around tumor tissues and play a role in remodeling of the stromal microenvironment, contributing to tumor progression. Increased mast cell numbers are associated with fibrosis, angiogenesis and a poor prognosis in human carcinomas. The aim of this study was to determine whether mast cell infiltration contributes to myelofibrosis or angiogenesis in myelodysplastic syndromes. We evaluated the correlation between mast cell density and the extent of myelofibrosis and angiogenesis in myelodysplastic syndromes. Fifty bone marrow biopsies taken from patients with a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes were examined. Grading of myelofibrosis was evaluated by silver impregnation staining. Mast cell density and microvessel density were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Human mast cells have been divided into two phenotypes. We designated a tryptase-positive mast cell as MCT and a chymase-positive mast cell as MCTC. Microvessels were identified by CD34-positive endothelial cells. Microvessel density and the extent of myelofibrosis were significantly greater in patients with high MCT and MCTC density compared to those with low MC density. Based on this, we suggest that the presence of high mast cell numbers is associated with myelofibrosis and angiogenesis in myelodysplastic syndromes

大きな腫瘤を形成した腺性膀胱炎の１例 : 臨床的・組織学的・粘液組織化学的検討

A case of large protruding cystitis glandularis is reported. A 36-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to acute cholecystitis, and large protruding masses were incidentally found in the urinary bladder by abdominal ultrasonography. The histological study revealed that they consisted of a large number of Brunn's nests with or without cysts which were often accompanied with columnar epithelial metaplasia, and of glandular structures closely resembling the colonic crypts. The mucin-histochemical study demonstrated glandular lesions in the bladder secreted colonic type mucin, and endocrine cells positive with Grimelius' staining. A review of literature disclosed 19 clinical cases of cystitis glandularis, since 1970, in Japan, but such a large protruding lesion as this case is rare. We first performed detailed histological and mucin-histochemical studies for this clinical case

Avaliação do ciclo de vida dos materiais de uma habitação de interesse social em alvenaria convencional, light steel framing e light wood framing

Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Adriana de Paula Lacerda SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Construção Civil. Defesa : Curitiba, 04/04/2019Inclui referências: p.106-118Resumo: A construção civil figura entre os principais setores responsáveis pelos maiores impactos ambientais no mundo, parte devido à indústria do cimento. Como alternativas ao sistema construtivo em alvenaria convencional (AC), que é amplamente utilizado no Brasil e que consome grandes quantidades de cimento, existem sistemas inovadores como o light wood framing (LWF) e o light steel framing (LSF). O objetivo desta dissertação foi descrever o processo de avaliação do ciclo de vida dos materiais utilizados em uma edificação em AC, LWF e LSF para identificar os impactos ambientais. Como estudo de caso foi selecionada uma habitação de interesse social (HIS) padrão para pré-dimensionamento das estruturas e quantificação de materiais. A ACV foi realizada no software SimaPro com uso da base de dados Ecoinvent e do método IMPACT 2002+. Foram avaliadas as contribuições nas categorias de acidificação aquática, acidificação terrestre, aquecimento global, depleção da camada de ozônio, ecotoxicidade aquática, ecotoxicidade terrestre e eutrofização segundo: i) os materiais de construção utilizados em cada fase do ciclo de vida (pré-operação, operação e pós-operação) para os três sistemas; ii) as etapas da construção (subestrutura, superestrutura, vedações e cobertura) para os três sistemas; iii) a comparação entre os três sistemas construtivos ; e iiii) a comparação entre os dados da base adaptados e os originais. Na AC, de modo geral os materiais que mais impactaram as categorias avaliadas foram o bloco cerâmico, o cimento Portland e a telha cerâmica; no LWF foram a chapa de gesso, o OSB e a telha cerâmica; no LSF foram o aço e o tratamento de zincagem. A etapa pré-operacional foi a mais relevante para todos os sistemas construtivos. A maioria das categorias mostrou que o LSF apresentou as maiores contribuições para os impactos em análise, ao passo que o LWF apresentou as menores participações. As conclusões deste trabalho contribuem para a literatura nacional crescente de ACVs na construção civil e nas tomadas de decisão acerca de materiais e sistemas construtivos mais sustentáveis ambientalmente. Palavras-chave: Avaliação do ciclo de vida. Alvenaria convencional. Light wood framing. Light steel framing. Impactos ambientais.Abstract: Civil construction is among the main sectors responsible for the greatest environmental impacts in the world, partly due to the cement industry. As alternatives to the conventional masonry system (CA), which is widely used in Brazil and consumes large quantities of cement, there are innovative systems such as light wood framing (LWF) and light steel framing (LSF). The aim of this work was to describe the process of evaluating the life cycle of the materials used in a building in AC, LWF and LSF to identify environmental impacts. As a case study, a standard social housing (HIS) was selected for the pre-dimensioning of structures and quantification of materials. The ACV was performed in the SimaPro software using the Ecoinvent database and the IMPACT 2002+ method. The contributions in the categories of aquatic acidification, terrestrial acidification, global warming, ozone layer depletion, aquatic ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity and eutrophication were evaluated according to: i) the building materials used in each phase of the life cycle (pre-operation, operation and postoperation) for the three systems; ii) the construction stages (substructure, superstructure, walls and roofing) for the three systems; iii) the comparison between the three construction systems; and iiii) the comparison between the adapted database and the original one. In AC, the materials that most affected the categories evaluated were ceramic block, Portland cement and ceramic tile; in the LWF were gypsum board, OSB and ceramic tile; in the LSF were steel and zinc coating treatment. The preoperational stage was the most relevant for all construction systems. Most of the categories showed that the LSF presented the largest contributions to the impacts under analysis, while the LWF showed the smallest participations. The conclusions of this work contribute to the growing national LCA literature on construction and decision making about more environmentally sustainable building materials and systems. Keywords: Life cycle assessment. Conventional masonry. Light wood framing. Light steel framing. Environmental impacts

The Limited Effect of a History of COVID-19 on Antibody Titers and Adverse Reactions Following BNT162b2 Vaccination: A Single-Center Prospective Study

Background and Objectives: The need for, and ideal frequency of, the vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) of previously infected individuals have not yet been sufficiently evaluated. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody status and adverse reactions after vaccination among medical staff with or without a history of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A single-center prospective study was performed at Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital. We investigated the presence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer among medical staff before and after mRNA vaccination with the BNT162b2. The levels of immunoglobulin G antibody were quantitatively measured at six points—before vaccination, after the first vaccination, at three points after the second vaccination, and finally, after the third vaccination—and the levels were then compared based on the COVID-19 infection history. Results: The previously infected (before the first vaccination) subjects (n = 17) showed a marked increase in antibody titers two weeks after the first vaccination and four weeks after the second vaccination. Although they were able to maintain a certain level of antibody titers until 30 weeks after the second vaccination, the titers fell in the same way as observed in the non-infected subjects. The subjects who did not receive the third vaccination due to adverse reactions to previous vaccines (n = 1) or who were positive for COVID-19 prior to the third vaccination (n = 2) were excluded from the subsequent analyses. Among non-infected subjects (n = 36), smokers had lower peak antibody titers than the others. The previously infected subjects had a significantly higher incidence of adverse reactions after the first vaccination but had a similar incidence of adverse reactions after the second and third vaccinations compared to the non-infected subjects. Conclusions: A history of COVID-19 may influence only the initial increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers and the occurrence of adverse reactions after the first vaccination