Program 5 : Disaster Reduction Education Program

Appendix 2: Technology-Education Linkage Through Disaster Reduction Hyperbase -Ideas from GCOE-ARS Classroom 2011

Influence of oxygen in inflation gas during lung ischemia on ischemia-reperfusion injury

AbstractObjectives: Previous studies have reported that hyperinflation during lung ischemia improves pulmonary function after reperfusion. However, it has not been clarified whether hyperinflation itself or oxygen in inflation gas causes good pulmonary function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of oxygen in pulmonary inflation gas during lung ischemia on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: Twenty-one mongrel dogs were randomly divided into three groups: the lung during a 90-minute period of warm ischemia was inflated to 30 cm H2O with 100% oxygen in group A and 100% nitrogen in group B; it was not inflated in group C. Pulmonary function and hemodynamics were measured before ischemia and 1,2, and 3 hours after reperfusion. Total protein and phosphorous of phospholipid in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured 210 minutes after reperfusion. Results: No significant differences in pulmonary function and hemodynamics were noted between group A and group B, but these two groups had significantly better pulmonary function and hemodynamics than group C. No significant differences were detected in the concentrations of total protein and phosphorus of phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in adenine nucleotide levels of lung tissue after reperfusion among the three groups. Conclusions: The results indicate that pulmonary inflation during warm ischemia improves pulmonary function and hemodynamics after reperfusion in this model. The effect is caused by inflation itself and is not due to oxygen as a metabolic substrate during warm ischemia. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;114: 332-8

Roentgehological Evaluation of the Loss of Pulmonary Vascular Defnitions for the Early Detection of Intefstitial pulmonary Edema and Other Interstitial Pulmonary Diseases

Accumulation of fluid was done in the peri-vascular interstitium of dogs by abundant and rapid saline infusion, and chest roentgenograms and tomograms were taken and the lung was examined histologically. Post-infusion roentgenograms characteristically demonstrated a blurred outline of vascular shadows without observable abnormal densities instead of the sharp outline which appeared in the pre-infusion roentgenograms. This finding may contribute to the early detection of interstitial pulmonary edema because it preceded the Kerley lines and abnormal densities in the lung field. This peri-vascular interstitial condition may be roentgenologically substituted for other kinds of lesions. Thus the loss of vascular definition may lead to the early diagnosis of certain interstitial pulmonary diseases

Circulating 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations in preterm newborns

Alterations in circulating 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentrations play a role in the pathophysiology of respiratory failure in adults. We undertook a study to develop a micromethod and measure circulating free 5-HT concentrations in preterm newborns with and without respiratory distress. Forty-six samples of platelet-poor plasma were obtained from 29 preterm newborns with varying degrees of respiratory distress. Samples were taken on days 2–3 and 6–7 of life. For measuring 5-HT concentrations we used a precolumn sample enhancement technique followed by ion exchange HPLC with electrochemical detection. The assay allowed detection of extremely small (50 pg) amounts of 5-HT from small (0.2 ml) amounts of blood. The mean 5-HT concentration on days 2–3 was 1.77 ± 0.74 ng/ml (mean ± 95% confidence limits) and on days 6–7 was 0.69 ± 0 23 ng/ml. This represented a significant fall in 5-HT concentrations (P = 0.01). All of 16 paired serial samples fell with time (P = 0.006). We conclude that platelet-poor plasma 5-HT concentrations in premature newborns are low, that there is a significant decline in these values over the first week of life, and that, in contrast with adults, the presence of respiratory failure is not associated with increased free 5-HT concentrations. The low 5-HT concentrations seen in newborns may reflect the ability to increase pulmonary uptake. Pediatr Pulmonol 1987; 3:117–122 .Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/38593/1/1950030214_ftp.pd