Contributions of chemistry and material sciences to the translational research: examples of the current research

Translational research involves basic research, patient-oriented clinical research and population related research targeting to improve sustainably the public-health. New approaches to materials, preventions of disease, diagnostics and therapies access clinical trials in order to enhance steadily the therapeutic success for the affected patients. Essential requirements are the efficient partnership ofphysicians, researches in natural, biomedical and material sciences, and the medical device and pharmaceutical industry as well. Briefly outlined examples of the collaboration between the natural sciences in Tomsk and Muenster (Germany) and an orthopedic clinic and a radiation therapeutic/oncologic department (Muenster, Germany) demonstrate the contribution of chemistry and material sciences to the translational research

New design of cutters for coal mining machines

The author designs an up-to-date rock cutter for mining machines and presents a matrix to determine its service life depending on the strength of the rock being broken. The dependence of the cutter service life on the strength of the rock being broken is proved. Advanced designs of rock cutters by the leading companies are described. The author develops an original design of a rock cutter which provides greater cutting surface, increased strength and prolonged service life. Pilot samples of the cutters ready to the test run are presented

Influence of the C and Mn concentration on the grains size of the Fe-Mn-C alloy

In the study of the material, the detailed study of the structure in the initial state is an important task. In the present study was studied the influence of Mn content on the average grain size in the hardened alloys with different carbon concentrations (1. C ∼ 1 wt. %, 2.C ∼ 0.4 wt. %) in the Fe-Mn-C alloys with the addition of alloying elements Cr and V. The grain structure of alloys was studied. It was revealed that after quenching the alloy has regular grain structure. The average grain sizes are within the ranges of 20-45 microns. It is found that in the alloys of the first group (about 1 wt. % C), the grain size decreases with the increased Mn concentration, there is no such relationship in the alloys of the second group (∼ 0.4 wt. % C)

Photocatalytic activity of the iron-containing natural composites in the reaction of oxidative destruction of oxalic acid and phenol

This paper presents the results of a study of the photocatalytic activity of iron-containing composites based on natural peat and zeolite under external influences: Ultraviolet irradiation (UVI) and UVI + H2O2. It is shown that the optimal method for the photocatalytic destruction of pollutants (oxalic acid and phenol) with composites is to introduce hydrogen peroxide in the system. The composites studied are sources of iron ions in the Ruff-Fenton system; they provide the generation of •OH radicals, which have a high reactivity in the oxidative degradation reactions of organic substances and can be recommended for reuse to purify water drain

Regularities of PLA mechanical property modification under ion implantation conditions

The investigations of the surface physicochemical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) modified by argon, carbon and silver ion implantation to fluences of 1∙1014, 1∙1015 and 1∙1016 cm2 and energies of 20 keV, 20 keV and 42 keV respectively are described. The projected ion ranges in the polymer matrix are estimated by the computer simulation with the TRIDYN code, as well as energies of electron and nuclear stopping are assessed according to the SRIM modelling. The microhardness and elastic modulus are established to be dependent on the degree of crystallinity of the material. It was found that the microdistortions and strains of the PLA crystal lattice increase after ion implantation due to the structural alteration and defect formation. Long-range effect expressed as bigger depth of modified surface layer than the ion range in the material is suggested as a result of the radiation- stimulated diffusion and thermal restructuring of the material

Effect of silver ion implantation on surface physicochemical properties of composite materials based on polylactic acid and hydroxyapatite

The investigation of surface physicochemical and biological properties of polylactic acid and hydroxyapatite and composite materials based on them modified by Ag 1×1015 ion/cm2 and 1×1016 ion/cm2 40 keV ion implantation is presented. X-ray analysis reveals that ion implantation of the above mentioned materials leads to crystallite size and degree of crystallinity increase. The intensity of -С=О line is found by IR-spectroscopy to be decreased that is associated with surface layer carbonization processes of PLA during ion implantation. Silver ion introducing is established to enhance hydrophobic properties of the materials; this process is accompanied by free surface energy decreasing. It is shown that cell viability of non-implanted PLA is comparable with a control sample and ion implantation negatively affects to cell viability. The investigated materials can be promising for biomedical application

Synthesis of biocompatible composite material based on cryogels of polyvinyl alcohol and calcium phosphates

At the moment, the field of biomedical materials science is actively developing, which aims at creating new functional materials. A developing direction in biomedical materials science is that towards the treatment of diseases associated with bone tissue disorders, using biodegradable composite materials based on polymer and calcium phosphate materials. We developed a material based on polyvinyl alcohol cryogel, mineralized with calcium phosphate. A material based on cryogel of polyvinyl alcohol mineralized with calcium phosphate was developed. The composites were obtained by the method of cyclic freezing–thawing, and the synthesis of calcium phosphates was carried out in situ with heating, stirring, and exposure to microwave radiation. The phase composition, as well as the composition of functional groups, was determined by IR spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis. Monocytes isolated from human blood showed higher viability compared to the controls

Improved Operating Performance of Mining Machine Picks

The reasons of low performance of mining machine picks are stated herein. In order to improve the wear resistance and the cutting ability of picks a new design of a cutting carbide tip insert to be fixed on a removable and rotating pick head is developed. Owing to the new design, the tool ensures a twofold increase in the cutting force maintained longer, a twofold reduction in the specific power consumption of the breaking process, and extended service life of picks and the possibility of their multiple use

Structural-phase state and surface properties of composite materials based on polylactide and hydroxyapatite

The phase composition and unit cell parameters were determined for composites based on polylactide and hydroxyapatite with the polylactide/hydroxyapatite weight ratios of 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40. As the polylactide content of the composites is increased, they become less hydrophilic, and the surface energy σS-G increases from 29.13 to 74.35 mJ m–2. The sample with the component weight ratio of 70/30 is characterized by the maximal roughness, and the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions from simulated body fluid are actively adsorbed onto its surface, as proved by SEM examination of the composites