Feasibility of Multi-View Video Streaming Over P2P Networks

We propose to stream multi-view video over a multi-tree peer-to-peer (P2P) network using the NUEPMuT protocol. Each view of the multi-view video is streamed over an independent P2P streaming tree and each peer only contributes upload ca-pacity in a single tree, in order to limit the adverse effects of ungraceful peer departures. Additionally, we introduce a quick join procedure to reduce the start-up delay for the first data packet after a join request. Continuity index and decoded video quality performance for simulcast and MVC encoding in a large topology under different settings are reported, in addition to the improvements achieved by the quick join pro-cedure

Management of acquired bronchobiliary fistula: 3 case reports and a literature review

Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF), which often presents with bilioptysis, is an abnormal communication between the bronchial system and biliary tree. It is a complication associated with a high mortality rate and requires a well-planned management strategy. Although hydatid disease is still the leading cause, extensive surgical interventions and invasive procedures of the liver have altered the profile of patients in recent decades. This paper presents 3 cases of BBF and reviews the literature regarding the treatment options generally mandated by clinical presentation and the underlying disease

Subjective evaluation of scalable video coding for content distribution

This paper investigates the influence of the combination of the scalability parameters in scalable video coding (SVC) schemes on the subjective visual quality. We aim at providing guidelines for an adaptation strategy of SVC that can select the optimal scalability options for resource-constrained networks. Extensive subjective tests are conducted by using two different scalable video codecs and high definition contents. The results are analyzed with respect to five dimensions, namely, codec, content, spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and frame quality

MIKROBIYOLOJI BULTENI

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still a serious life-threatening disease, in which the etiologic agent cannot be identified in more than 50% of patients despite advanced diagnostic methods. The most commonly used methods in the determination of CAP etiology are culture and serological tests. Since early and accurate therapy reduces the mortality in CAP cases, rapid and reliable diagnostic methods are needed. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial etiology in adult patients with CAP by implementing multiplex polymerase chain reaction/reverse line blot hybridization (M-PCR/RLBH) assay combined with conventional methods. A total of 128 cases (94 were male; age range: 19-81 years, mean age: 58) who were admitted to our hospital and clinically diagnosed as CAP between November 2008 - November 2010, were included in the study. Respiratory samples (sputum and/or bronchoalveolar lavage) obtained from patients were searched by M-PCR/RLBH method (Gen ID (R) Autoimmun Diagnostika GmbH, Germany) in terms of the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila nucleic acids. The samples were simultaneously inoculated onto 5% sheep blood agar, chocolate agar, haemophilus isolation agar, buffered charcoal yeast extract-selective agar and EMB agar media for cultivation. Serum samples obtained from the cases were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against C.pneumoniae by microimmunofluorescence (Focus Diagnostic, USA) and against L.pneumophila and M.pneumoniae by indirect immunofluorescence (Euroimmun, Germany) methods. The bacterial etiology was identified in 59 (46.1%) of 128 patients with CAP and a total of 73 pathogens were detected. The leading organism was S.pneumoniae (n= 32, 25%), followed by H.influenzae and M.pneumoniae (n= 9, 7%), gram-negative bacilli (n= 10, 7.8%), M.catarrhalis (n= 6, 4.7%), C.pneumoniae (n= 4, 3.2%), L.pneumophila (n= 2, 1.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n= 1, 1.4%). Infection with atypical pathogens were detected in 15 (11.7%), and mixed infections in 14 (10.9%) patients. The detection rate of microorganisms (S.pneumoniae, H.influenzae, M.catarrhalis, C.pneumoniae, L.pneumophilia, M.pneumoniae) searched by M-PCR/RLBH method was 41.4% (53/128), while those microorganisms were detected in 23.4% (30/128) of the patients by conventional methods, representing a significant difference (p< 0.05). It was concluded that M-PCR/RLBH method supplemented the determination of bacterial etiology in CAP cases by increasing the rate of detection from 23.4% to 41.4%. The results indicated that empirical treatment of CAP should primarily include antibiotics against S.pneumoniae, M.pneumoniae and H.influenzae in our region

JAPANESE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Urinary tract infections are among the most common infections with an increasing resistance to antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine the change in antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) for the years 1998 through 2003 and to suggest that the current empirical antibiotic therapy used for these patients is inappropriate. During the study period, 7,335 community urine samples of which 1,203 (16.4%) grew bacterial isolates were analyzed. Among the total of 1,203 isolates, 880 (73.2%) were E. coli. The range of resistance of E. coli to ampicillin was 47.8 to 64.6% and that to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 37.1 to 44.6% during the study period. The susceptibility pattern of E. coli to nitrofurantoin and cefuroxime did not vary significantly over the 6-year period. There was a significant increase in the susceptibility of E. coli to ciprofloxacin (11.3 - 26.7%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (18.4 - 29.2%) and gentamicin (7.0 - 25.6%) (P < 0.05). Empirical initial treatment with ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was thus inadequate in approximately half of UTI cases in our region

Urinary tract infection with serratia marcescens in a 7-months old male infant

idrar yolu enfeksiyonu çocuklardaki bakteriyel enfeksiyonlarin en sik nedenleri arasindadir. idrar yolu enfeksiyonlarinin en sik rastlanan etkeni ise E. coli'dir.Serratia Marcescens hastane kökenli ve kateterizasyonla ilişkili bir enfeksiyon etkeni olarak bilinmektedir. Üriner sistemde malformasyon veya disfonksiyon durumlari dişinda alişilagelmiş bir enfeksiyon etkeni değildir. Bu olgu sunumunda dört ay önce hastanede yatirilmiş ve iki ay önce miksiyon sistoüretrografi (MSUG) çekilmesi sirasinda üriner kateterizasyon öyküsü bulunan 7 aylik erkek bebekte Serratia Marcescens'e bağli idrar yolu enfeksiyonu tartişilmiştirUrinary tract infection is among the most common bacterial infections in childhood. E.coli is the most frequently isolated causative agent in children with urinary tract infection.Serratia Marcescens is known to be responsible for urinary tract infection related to hospitalization and urinary catheterization. Urinary tract infection with Serratia Marcescens without malformation and dysfunction in the urinary tract is not a usual condition. In this paper,we discuss a 7-month-old male infant with urinary tract infection caused by Serratia Marcescens

Metisiline dirençli stafilokok izolatlarında glikopeptid direncinin araştırılması

The emergence of Staphylococcus aureus strains with intermediate resistance (VISA) and heterogen resistance (hVISA) to vancomycin leads to the occurence of severe therapeutic problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the vancomycin resistance in methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) isolated from clinical samples in Bacteriology Laboratory of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology Department of Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Manisa (located in western Anatolia, Turkey). A total of 120 staphyloccoccal strains (92 MRSA and 28 MRCoNS) isolated from different clinical specimens (tracheal aspirate, blood, abscess, wound swabs, sputum, catheter tips, etc) between the period of June 2005 to December 2006 were included to the study. Vancomycin resistance were determined by agar screening method using brain hearth infusion agar plates containing 6 ;amp;#956;g/mL vancomycin. Standard E-test and macro E-test methods were performed for 17 (14%) staphylococcal strains (10 MRSA and 7 MRCoNS) which had grown in agar screening plates. Vancomycin and teicoplanin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges of those strains were found as 1.5-4 ;amp;#956;g/mL and 2-4 ;amp;#956;g/mL, respectively, by standard E-test method. In our study, no VISA and hVISA isolates were detected when MIC value of ;amp;#8805;8 ;amp;#956;g/mL for vancomycin and teicoplanin, or ;amp;#8805;12 ;amp;#956;g/mL for teicoplanin only were accepted as the criteria for hVISA determination. Agar screening method which is preferably used in routine laboratories for practical and economical reasons, lower sensitivity and specificity than E-test. It can be concluded that, since agar screening method is not reliable for the detection of vancomycin resistance, further multi-center studies with the use of standard methods are needed in order to clarify the vancomycin resistance patterns of staphylococci in our country.Günümüzde vankomisine orta düzeyde dirençli S.aureus (VISA) ve heterojen dirençli S.aureus (hVISA) suşlarının ortaya çıkmış olması tedavide büyük sorunlar yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışmada metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ve koagülaz-negatif stafilokok (MRKNS) klinik izolatlarında glikopeptid direncinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mikrobiyoloji ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı Bakteriyoloji Laboratuvarı’nda Haziran 2005-Aralık 2006 tarihleri arasında çeşitli klinik örneklerden (trakeal aspirat, kan, abse, yara sürüntüsü, balgam, kateter ucu, vb) izole edilen 120 stafilokok suşu (92 MRSA, 28 MRKNS) alınmıştır. Glikopeptid direnci 6 ?g/mL vankomisin içeren beyin-kalp infüzyon agar plakları kullanılarak agar tarama testi ile araştırılmıştır. Agar tarama yöntemi ile elde edilen 17 (%14) stafilokok suşuna (10 MRSA, 7 MRKNS) standart E-test ve makro E-test yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Çalışmamızda, standart E-test yöntemiyle izolatların vankomisin minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyon (MİK) aralığı 1.5-4 ?g/mL, teikoplanin MİK aralığı ise 2-4 ?g/mL olarak bulunmuştur. Vankomisin ve teikoplanin MİK değerleri ?8 ?g/mL veya sadece teikoplanin MİK değeri ?12 ?g/mL olan suşlar hVISA olarak kabul edildiğinde, çalışmamızda VISA ve hVISA izolatına rastlanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak uygulama kolaylığı ve düşük maliyeti nedeniyle rutin laboratuvarlarda tercih edilen ancak özgüllük ve duyarlılığı E-test yöntemine göre oldukça düşük olan agar tarama yönteminin, vankomisin direncinin araştırılmasında güvenilir olmayabileceği ve ülkemizdeki stafilokok izolatlarında vankomisine direnç durumunun belirlenmesi için standart yöntemlerin kullanıldığı çok merkezli çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmüştür