FIELD CROP SUBSECTOR STRUCTURE AND COMPETITION UNDER FREE TRADE: CANADA

Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,

A wave-function Monte Carlo method for simulating conditional master equations

Wave-function Monte Carlo methods are an important tool for simulating quantum systems, but the standard method cannot be used to simulate decoherence in continuously measured systems. Here we present a new Monte Carlo method for such systems. This was used to perform the simulations of a continuously measured nano-resonator in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 057208 (2009)].Comment: 4 pages, revtex 4, 1 eps figure. v2: correction to Eqs (3),(9), and (11); v3 added further informatio

STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE CANADIAN GRAINS AND OILSEEDS SECTOR

Industrial Organization,

Interpreting multiscale domains of tree cover disturbance patterns in North America

Spatial patterns at multiple observation scales provide a framework to improve understanding of pattern-related phenomena. However, the metrics that are most sensitive to local patterns are least likely to exhibit consistent scaling relations with increasing extent (observation scale). A conceptual framework based on multiscale domains (i.e., geographic locations exhibiting similar scaling relations) allows the use of sensitive pattern metrics, but more work is needed to understand the actual patterns represented by multiscale domains. The objective of this study was to improve the interpretation of scale-dependent patterns represented by multiscale domains. Using maps of tree cover disturbance covering North American forest biomes from 2000 to 2012, each 0.09-ha location was described by the proportion and contagion of disturbance in its neighborhood, for 10 neighborhood extents from 0.81 ha to 180 km2. A k-means analysis identified 13 disturbance profiles based on the similarity of disturbance proportion and contagion across neighborhood extent. A wall to wall map of multiscale domains was produced by assigning each location (disturbed and undisturbed) to its nearest disturbance profile in multiscale pattern space. The multiscale domains were interpreted as representing two aspects of local patterns – the proximity of a location to disturbance, and the interior-exterior relationship of a location relative to nearby disturbed areas.Ye

Investigation of model micro-scale reconnecting plasma modes

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 27).We numerically and analytically investigate the linear complex mode frequencies of model micro-reconnecting plasma modes which have transverse wavelengths of the order of the electron skin depth c/lwpe. This model mode, which can have finite wavelength parallel to the magnetic field, is found in the limit of a straight and uniform magnetic field in the presence of temperature gradients. The theory of the related micro-reconnecting modes has been previously developed in view of explaining the observation of macroscopic instabilities which are not predicted by the drift tearing mode theory [2]. These micro-reconnecting modes are radially localized by magnetic shear and lead to the formation of microscopic magnetic islands. We derive the model dispersion equation, which closely follows the derivation of the micro-reconnecting mode dispersion equation [1], under relevant conditions using the drift kinetic approximation. We also consider the dispersion relation in the fluid limit [1]. We examine the solutions of the resulting dispersion relations and confirm the driving effect of the electron temperature gradient, and the stabilizing effect of a density gradient.by Kurt Tummel.S.B

China's Melamine in Milk Scandal: Failures All Around

Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,

Drive ‘Til You Qualify: Credit Quality and Household Location

A deeper understanding of the credit-sorting process is essential when considering the extent to which home foreclosures are driven by price contagion or an underlying spatial pattern of mortgage quality. Adapting household location theory, we find that credit constrained households follow “drive-\u27til-you-qualify” behavior leading to rising credit quality with distance from the CBD while unconstrained households exhibit declining credit quality. Individual level mortgage loan-to-income data for the 100 largest MSAs show credit constrained behavior either throughout the urban area or concentrated in the suburbs. Meta analysis of the credit sorting estimates identify MSA characteristics associated with each pattern