A phenomenological examination of esoteric states of conciousness

Esoteric states of consciousness, also known to us as mystical experiences, are characterized by the presence of three main elements: highly unusual and oftentimes ambiguous sensory and non-sensory forms of awareness, along with the bestowment of various forms of seemingly vast knowledge, upon the subject. Due to the first two elements, mystical experiences are often said to be ineffable and esoteric ; due to disagreements regarding the third element, they can also become the source of serious socio-political and religious conflicts. Finally, due to all three of these elements, they are also often viewed with great scepticism, especially within the scientific milieu. We propose a joint solution here, both to the problem of potential conflicts, as well as to the concerns of the sceptics. We do so by showing, by way of a phenomenological investigation, that much of what is purportedly claimed to be ineffable, by the mystics, is actually quite "effable", on condition that the proper questions be asked, and that the proper descriptive framework be employed. In so doing, we pull mystical experiences out of the shadows, and into the spotlight of public language-games. Finally, we further show that, far from negating the mystics, this process actually empowers them, with the fine distinctions needed to address the concerns of today's pedantic sceptics, as well as with the ability better to voice their account of the mystical experience. This, in turn, helps to alleviate potential conflicts, arising from misunderstandings, regarding the contents of the experience itself

The Capabilities Approach as a Foundation for an Ethical-Political Theory of the Good

L’approche des capabilités a été caractérisée par un développement fulgurant au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années. Bien que formulée à l’origine par Amartya Sen, détenteur du Prix Nobel en économie, Martha Nussbaum reprit cette approche dans le but de s’en servir comme fondation pour une théorie éthico-politique intégrale du bien. Cependant, la version de Nussbaum s’avéra particulièrement vulnérable à plusieurs critiques importantes, mettant sérieusement en doute son efficacité globale. À la lumière de ces faits, cette thèse vise à évaluer la pertinence théorique et pratique de l’approche des capabilités de Nussbaum, en examinant trois groupes de critiques particulièrement percutantes formulées à son encontre.The capabilities approach has seen significant development over the past quarter century, branching out into a variety of fields and directions. Originally developed by Nobel Prize Laureate Amartya Sen, Martha Nussbaum has sought to extend this approach beyond its mainly instrumental role into a tangible foundation for a full-fledged ethical-political theory of the good. However, this move has attracted a great number of criticisms levelled against Nussbaum’s specific version of the capabilities approach. In this thesis, I identify three main groups of observations under which said criticisms can be classified, and assess their respective strength and tenability

Ewaluacja ekonomiczna w świetle podstawowych zasad gospodarowania środkami publicznymi

Economic evaluation in the light of basic principles of public resources economy The aim of this article is to present relation between economic evaluation and principles of public resources economy which are valid in Poland. The author shows these principles from the praxiological point of view, the nature of the economic evaluation, its selected methods (among others the method of cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis) and areas of their applications. Simultaneously she stresses the need of the compliance of these methods with principles of the social justice

Dekontaminacja enzymatyczna broni masowego rażenia

[b]Abstract[/b]. This paper is devoted to the methods of decontamination of weapons of mass destruction (biological and chemical), based on the use of protein catalysts of chemical reactions — enzymes. This paper presents the possibility of using enzymes to neutralize the harmful and destructive to the environment and human chemicals used in weapons of mass destruction. The mechanism of the enzymatic reaction is showed. These are the possibilities of using lysozyme as destructor dangerous bacteria (E. coli, anthrax Bacillus anthracis) and their spores. The advantages and disadvantages of chemical and enzymatic methods of decontamination have been compared. It was found that under certain conditions the enzymes can be an alternative to chemical methods of decontamination of weapons of mass destruction.[b]Keywords[/b]: decontamination, weapons of mass destruction, enzyme

Wiarygodność sprawozdawczości gminy dla celów zarządczych w świetle centralizacji rozliczeń podatku VAT

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie na podstawowe problemy dotyczące jakości danych ujętych w sprawozdawczości gminy, wykorzystywanych między innymi w bieżącym zarządzaniu finansami jednostki. Problematyka zachowania wiarygodności tych danych ściśle wiąże się z wprowadzeniem od 1 stycznia 2017 r. obowiązkowej centralizacji rozliczeń w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego w zakresie podatku VAT. Realizację celu pracy oparto na studiach literatury przedmiotu, regulacji prawnych, a ponadto dokonano analizy wybranych zagadnień dotyczących systemu rachunkowości i sprawozdawczości gmin. Na przykładach niektórych kategorii finansowych dowiedziono, że część danych sprawozdawczych nie spełnia kryteriów porównywalności i wiarygodności. Przedstawiono własną propozycję sposobu ujęcia wybranych zdarzeń związanych z omawianym zagadnieniem w celu zwiększenia wartości poznawczej sprawozdań gminy, zwłaszcza dla organu zarządzającego