Vivienda y contexto

Dentro del proceso de diseño de una vivienda, o sea, el proceso de recrear y ordenar físicamente acontecimientos humano-espaciales, hay un momento en que -ya detectados y analizados los componentes del problema- debemos valorar los del contexto (natural o artificial) como condición esencial para plantear alternativas proyectuales que remitan a la conformación y comprensión de un sentido de lugar. Este vínculo profundo entre vivienda y lugar pondera o jerarquiza cuestiones formales, materiales, funcionales y espaciales, presentándolas como "elementos mediadores" de la tensión racional de ésta y el paisaje.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

The prevalence of chronic diseases and major disease risk factors at different ages among 150 000 men and women living in Mexico City: cross-sectional analyses of a prospective study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>While most of the global burden from chronic diseases, and especially vascular diseases, is now borne by low and middle-income countries, few large-scale epidemiological studies of chronic diseases in such countries have been performed.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From 1998–2004, 52 584 men and 106 962 women aged ≥35 years were visited in their homes in Mexico City. Self reported diagnoses of chronic diseases and major disease risk factors were ascertained and physical measurements taken. Age- and sex-specific prevalences and means were analysed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After about age 50 years, diabetes was extremely common – for example, 23.8% of men and 26.9% of women aged 65–74 reported a diagnosis. By comparison, ischaemic heart disease was reported by 4.8% of men and 3.0% of women aged 65–74, a history of stroke by 2.8% and 2.3%, respectively, and a history of cancer by 1.3% and 2.1%. Cancer history was generally more common among women than men – the excess being largest in middle-age, due to breast and cervical cancer. At older ages, the gap narrowed because of an increasing prevalence of prostate cancer. 51% of men and 25% of women aged 35–54 smoked cigarettes, while 29% of men and 41% of women aged 35–54 were obese (i.e. BMI ≥30 kg/m²). The prevalence of treated hypertension or measured blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg increased about 50% more steeply with age among women than men, to 66% of women and 58% of men aged 65–74. Physical inactivity was highly prevalent but daily alcohol drinking was relatively uncommon.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Diabetes, obesity and tobacco smoking are highly prevalent among adults living in Mexico City. Long-term follow-up of this and other cohorts will establish the relevance of such factors to the major causes of death and disability in Mexico.</p

The U.S.-Mexico Border Infectious Disease Surveillance Project: Establishing Binational Border Surveillance

In 1997, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Mexican Secretariat of Health, and border health officials began the development of the Border Infectious Disease Surveillance (BIDS) project, a surveillance system for infectious diseases along the U.S.-Mexico border. During a 3-year period, a binational team implemented an active, sentinel surveillance system for hepatitis and febrile exanthems at 13 clinical sites. The network developed surveillance protocols, trained nine surveillance coordinators, established serologic testing at four Mexican border laboratories, and created agreements for data sharing and notification of selected diseases and outbreaks. BIDS facilitated investigations of dengue fever in Texas-Tamaulipas and measles in California–Baja California. BIDS demonstrates that a binational effort with local, state, and federal participation can create a regional surveillance system that crosses an international border. Reducing administrative, infrastructure, and political barriers to cross-border public health collaboration will enhance the effectiveness of disease prevention projects such as BIDS

Brain metastasis development and poor survival associated with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Central nervous system is a common site of metastasis in NSCLC and confers worse prognosis and quality of life. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of clinical-pathological factors (CPF), serum CEA levels, and EGFR and HER2 tissue-expression in brain metastasis (BM) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced NSCLC.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In a prospective manner, we studied 293 patients with NSCLC in IIIB-IV clinical stage. They received standard chemotherapy. CEA was measured prior to treatment; EGFR and HER2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. BM development was confirmed by MRI in symptomatic patients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>BM developed in 27, and 32% of patients at 1 and 2 years of diagnosis with adenocarcinoma (RR 5.2; 95% CI, 1.002–29; p = 0.05) and CEA ≥ 40 ng/mL (RR 11.4; 95% CI, 1.7–74; <it>p </it>< 0.01) as independent associated factors. EGFR and HER2 were not statistically significant. Masculine gender (RR 1.4; 95% CI, 1.002–1.9; <it>p </it>= 0.048), poor performance status (RR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.5–2.3; <it>p </it>= 0.002), advanced clinical stage (RR 1.44; 95% CI, 1.02–2; <it>p </it>= 0.04), CEA ≥ 40 ng/mL (RR 1.5; 95% CI, 1.09–2.2; <it>p </it>= 0.014) and EGFR expression (RR 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4–1.9; <it>p </it>= 0.012) were independent associated factors to worse OS.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>High CEA serum level is a risk factor for BM development and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced NSCLC. Surface expression of CEA in tumor cells could be the physiopathological mechanism for invasion to CNS.</p

Investigación e innovación en el campo de la vivienda social: una experiencia desde la investigación en articulación con la docencia

La vivienda con su especialización espacial y constructiva, tal como masivamente se sigue produciendo hoy, no parece ser ya un soporte apto para los múltiples programas que en ella se desarrollan y que cambian en tiempos relativamente cortos. No podemos concebir la vivienda como un hecho cerrado sino como un sistema abierto y vivo (evolutivo y adaptable). Este trabajo reseña una experiencia pedagógica en el Taller de Diseño Arquitectónico ¿A¿ en el 5to año de la carrera, donde desde el año 1988 se viene desarrollando una doble tarea de investigación articulada con la tarea docente, en la que los estudiantes son partícipes de la revisión y renovación tipológica de la vivienda social, incentivando una actitud investigadora con respecto a los procesos y situaciones globales, a referentes y condiciones locales, que nos permitan conformar una identidad, una cultura y una arquitectura que responda a este tiempo y a este lugar

Taller Vertical de Arquitectura : Nivel II - Curso 1997

Presentación de propuesta y corrección de trabajo de cátedra. Alumno: Nicolás Bailleres Taller: Krause-Kuri-Tomás, arqs. Docente: Matías Martínez Tema:Vivienda y ciudad Programa: Cuatro viviendas en terreno urbano. Ciudad de La PlataFacultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism