Поведінка читачів і користувачів у бібліотеці, їхні типажі і роздуми над сучасною інформаційною культурою

Przedmiotem artykułu są współczesne realia pracy w bibliotece wynikające ze złożoności kontaktów z czytelnikami i użytkownikami. Podstawę źródłową stanowią teksty polskie i obce (wypowiedzi bibliotekarzy, tematyczne piśmiennictwo naukowe) z lat 1998-2014. Przedstawiono obraz środowiska czytelników i użytkowników pod kątem ich zachowańw bibliotece. Wyróżniono następujące wątki: 1. sposób bycia osób, 2. zachowania merytoryczne (świadczące o kompetencjach użytkowników i odnoszące się do kompetencji bibliotekarzy), 3. presja czytelników i użytkowników (jako sposób zachowywania się części osób w zamiarze uzyskania przez nich celów nie mieszczących się w profilu działań biblioteki). Uwzględniono treści regulaminów bibliotek i rozważono zachowania osób odwiedzających biblioteki w zakresie: 1) sposobu bycia wobec innych osób korzystających z biblioteki, 2) sposobu postępowania w stosunku do mienia instytucji bibliotecznej i 3) do jej pracowników. Sformułowano sugestie w zakresie dążenia do pomniejszenia rozmiaru zachowań niepożądanych i pobudzenia dobrych praktyk poszerzania wiedzy za pośrednictwem biblioteki.The subject of this article is a contemporary reality of libraries’ employees resulting from complexity of contacts with readers and users. The basis for this article comprises of Polish and foreign sources (statements of librarians, thematic scientific literature) dating from 1998 to 2014. It aims to show a picture of the environment of readers and users in terms of their behavior in the library. The following topics were discussed: 1. Overall culture and manner of persons visiting libraries, 2. Substantive behaviors (indicating the competence of users and referring to the competence of the librarians), 3. Pressure of readers and users (as a mode of behavior of persons whose objectives do not fall within the scope of libraries profiles). Libraries’ internal regulations as well as behaviors of visitors were analyzed in terms of: 1) the way of acting towards other people using the library, 2) behavior in relation to the property of a library institution and 3) to its employees. Suggestions were formulated in order to decrease the size of unwanted behaviors and to stimulate good practices in knowledge expansion through the library.Предметом дослідження, підсумки якого висвітлюється у статті є реальний стан особливостей праці в сучасній бібліотеці, як результат взаємовідносин між бібліотекарем і читачем або користувачем. Джерельну базу складають польські і закордонні тексти: тематична наукова література і зафіксовані думки бібліотекарів, опубліковані протягом 1998–2014 рр. Представлено середовище читачів і користувачів з точки зору їхньої поведінки у бібліотеці. Виокремлено наступні чинники: 1) спосіб життя осіб, 2) способи поведінки, (що свідчать про компетенцію користувачів як віддзеркалення компетенції бібліотекарів); 3) форми «тиску» читачів і користувачів на бібліотекаря (як способу поведінки частини осіб, з метою досягнення окреслених цілей, які виходять поза рамки профілю діяльності бібліотеки). Представлено фрагменти з правил користування бібліотеками і проаналізовано поведінку відвідувачів наступним чином: 1) спосіб поведінки в стосунку до інших користувачів, 2) спосіб поведінки по відношенню до статусу установи (бібліотеки) і 3) до її працівників. Сформульовано міркування і пропозиції, скеровані на зменшення діапазону небажаної поведінки і стимулювання до позитивних прикладів сприйняття бібліотеки як місця для поширення знань

Observational Constraints on the Generalized Chaplygin Gas

In this paper we study a quintessence cosmological model in which the dark energy component is considered to be the Generalized Chaplygin Gas and the curvature of the three-geometry is taken into account. Two parameters characterize this sort of fluid, the $\nu$ and the $\alpha$ parameters. We use different astronomical data for restricting these parameters. It is shown that the constraint $\nu \lesssim \alpha$ agrees enough well with the astronomical observations.Comment: Accepted by IJMPD; 18 pages; 10 Figure

Estimation of fatigue life of selected construction materials under cyclic loading

In the literature, there are many criteria of multiaxial fatigue. They are based on various assumptions and parameters describing the process of fatigue. Among them, there is a special group of criteria based on the concept of critical plane. Some of them in their equations take into account the ratio of normal and shear stresses. Macha has formulated the criterion of maximum normal and shear stress in fracture plane which can be generalised for the scope of random loading of numerous criteria. In the present study authors estimated the fatigue life of several construction materials. For the purposes of the analysis, the authors proposed modified Carpinteri et al. method to find orientation of critical plane, which is used in multiaxial fatigue criterion defined in critical plane. This plane is turned through the angle of ? in relation to the plane defined by maximum normal stresses. In this study authors analyzed the variability calculation of fatigue life, depending on the angle ?. Simulation studies were conducted in which it was assumed that ? ? . For each of the 46 angles, we calculated parameters B and K appearing in the formula defining equivalent stress. Then we calculated fatigue life according to the proposed model for each of the obtained angles ?. Fatigue life analysis was carried out in order to verify which angle ? gives the most similar results

Molecular detection of thyroglobulin mRNA transcripts in peripheral blood of patients with thyroid disease by RT-PCR

The sensitive detection of circulating tumour cells in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer may precede the detection of relapse by other diagnostic studies – such as serum thyroglobulin – and thus may have important therapeutic and prognostic implications. We performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on blood samples from patients diagnosed with thyroid disease using two different RT-PCR sensitivities. Additionally, tissue specificity of TG mRNA-expression was determined using RNA extracts from 27 different human tissues. The lower limit of detection was 50–100 TG mRNA producing cells/ml blood using a ‘normal’ RT-PCR sensitivity and 10–20 cells/ml blood using a ‘high’ sensitivity. With the normal sensitivity TG mRNA was detected in 9/13 patients with thyroid cancer and metastasis, 63/137 patients with a history of thyroid cancer and no metastasis, 21/85 with non-malignant thyroid disease and 9/50 controls. With the high sensitivity TG mRNA was detected in 11/13 patients with thyroid cancer and metastasis, 111/137 patients with a history of thyroid cancer and no metastasis, 61/85 with non-malignant thyroid disease and 41/50 controls. Interestingly, using the normal RT-PCR sensitivity TG mRNA transcripts are specific for thyroid tissue and detectable in the peripheral blood of controls and patients with thyroid disease, which correlates with a diagnosis of metastasized thyroid cancer. However, with a high RT-PCR sensitivity, TG mRNA expression was found not to be specific for thyroid tissue and was not correlated with a diagnosis of thyroid cancer in patients. As a consequence, to date TG mRNA detected by RT-PCR in the peripheral blood cannot be recommended as a tumour marker superior to TG serum-level. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaig

Direct on-chip differentiation of intestinal tubules from induced pluripotent stem cells

Intestinal organoids have emerged as the new paradigm for modelling the healthy and diseased intestine with patient-relevant properties. In this study, we show directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells towards intestinal-like phenotype within a microfluidic device. iPSCs are cultured against a gel in microfluidic chips of the OrganoPlate, in which they undergo stepwise differentiation. Cells form a tubular structure, lose their stem cell markers and start expressing mature intestinal markers, including markers for Paneth cells, enterocytes and neuroendocrine cells. Tubes develop barrier properties as confirmed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Lastly, we show that tubules respond to pro-inflammatory cytokine triggers. The whole procedure for differentiation lasts 14 days, making it an efficient process to make patient-specific organoid tubules. We anticipate the usage of the platform for disease modelling and drug candidate screening

Uniting cosmological epochs through the twister solution in cosmology with non-minimal coupling

We investigate dynamics of a flat FRW cosmological model with a barotropic matter and a non-minimally coupled scalar field (both canonical and phantom). In our approach we do not assume any specific form of a potential function for the scalar field and we are looking for generic scenarios of evolution. We show that dynamics of universe can be reduced to a 3-dimensional dynamical system. We have found the set of fixed points and established their character. These critical points represent all important epochs in evolution of the universe : (a) a finite scale factor singularity, (b) an inflation (rapid-roll and slow-roll), (c) a radiation domination, (d) a matter domination and (e) a quintessence era. We have shown that the inflation, the radiation and matter domination epochs are transient ones and last for a finite amount of time. The existence of the radiation domination epoch is purely the effect of a non-minimal coupling constant. We show the existence of a twister type solution wandering between all these critical points.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figs; (v2.) 27 pages, 12 figs, JCAP in pres

Lorentz Invariance Violation induced time delays in GRBs in different cosmological models

Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) manifesting itself by energy dependent modification of standard relativistic dispersion relation has recently attracted a considerable attention. Ellis et al. previously investigated the energy dependent time offsets in different energy bands on a sample of gamma ray bursts and, assuming standard cosmological model, they found a weak indication for redshift dependence of time delays suggestive of LIV. Going beyond the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology we extend this analysis considering also four alternative models of dark energy (quintessence with constant and variable equation of state, Chaplygin gas and brane-world cosmology). It turns out that the effect noticed by Ellis et al. is also present in those models and is the strongest for quintessence with variable equation of state.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figur

Testing the viability of the interacting holographic dark energy model by using combined observational constraints

Using the data coming from the new 182 Gold type Ia supernova samples, the shift parameter of the Cosmic Microwave Background given by the three-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe observations, and the baryon acoustic oscillation measurement from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, $H(z)$ and lookback time measurements, we have performed a statistical joint analysis of the interacting holographic dark energy model. Consistent parameter estimations show us that the interacting holographic dark energy model is a viable candidate to explain the observed acceleration of our universe.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in JCA

Drivers of organic molecular signatures in the Amazon River

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles 35(6), (2021): e2021GB006938, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB006938.As climate-driven El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are projected to increase in frequency and severity, much attention has focused on impacts regarding ecosystem productivity and carbon balance in Amazonian rainforests, with comparatively little attention given to carbon dynamics in fluvial ecosystems. In this study, we compared the wet 2012 La Niña period to the following normal hydrologic period in the Amazon River. Elevated water flux during the La Niña period was accompanied by dilution of inorganic ion concentrations. Furthermore, the La Niña period exported 2.77 Tg C yr−1 more dissolved organic carbon (DOC) than the normal period, an increase greater than the annual amount of DOC exported by the Mississippi River. Using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry, we detected both intra- and interannual differences in dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition, revealing that DOM exported during the dry season and the normal period was more aliphatic, whereas compounds in the wet season and following the La Niña event were more aromatic, with ramifications for its environmental role. Furthermore, as this study has the highest temporal resolution DOM compositional data for the Amazon River to-date we showed that compounds were highly correlated to a 6-month lag in Pacific temperature and pressure anomalies, suggesting that ENSO events could impact DOM composition exported to the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, as ENSO events increase in frequency and severity into the future it seems likely that there will be downstream consequences for the fate of Amazon Basin-derived DOM concurrent with lag periods as described here.This work was partially supported by National Science Foundation grant OCE-1464396 to Robert G. M. Spencer and funding from the Harbourton Foundation to Robert G. M. Spencer, R. Max Holmes, and Bernhard Peucker-Ehrenbrink.2021-12-1

Reconstructing the properties of dark energy from recent observations

We explore the properties of dark energy from recent observational data, including the Gold Sne Ia, the baryonic acoustic oscillation peak from SDSS, the CMB shift parameter from WMAP3, the X-ray gas mass fraction in cluster and the Hubble parameter versus redshift. The $\Lambda CDM$ model with curvature and two parameterized dark energy models are studied. For the $\Lambda CDM$ model, we find that the flat universe is consistent with observations at the $1\sigma$ confidence level and a closed universe is slightly favored by these data. For two parameterized dark energy models, with the prior given on the present matter density, $\Omega_{m0}$, with $\Omega_{m0}=0.24$, $\Omega_{m0}=0.28$ and $\Omega_{m0}=0.32$, our result seems to suggest that the trend of $\Omega_{m0}$ dependence for an evolving dark energy from a combination of the observational data sets is model-dependent.Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, To appear in JCA