Utjecaj veličine čestica praha zobenih vlakana na fizikalna svojstva peciva izrađenih od pšeničnog brašna

In response to the growing interest of modern society in functional food products, this study attempts to develop a bakery product with high dietary fibre content added in the form of an oat fibre powder. Oat fibre powder with particle sizes of 75 μm (OFP1) and 150 μm (OFP2) was used, substituting 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 % of the flour. The physical properties of the dough and the fi nal bakery products were then measured. Results indicated that dough with added fibre had higher elasticity than the control group. The storage modulus values of dough with OFP1 most closely approximated those of the control group. The addition of OFP1 did not affect significantly the colour compared to the other samples. Increasing the proportion of oat fibre powder resulted in increased firmness, which was most prominent in wheat bread rolls with oat fibre powder of smaller particle sizes. The addition of oat fibre powder with smaller particles resulted in a product with the rheological and colour parameters that more closely resembled control sample.U današnje je doba sve veća potražnja za funkcionalnom hranom, pa je svrha ovoga rada bila razviti nove pekarske proizvode s velikim udjelom zobenih vlakana u prahu. U smjesu je umjesto 4, 8, 12 ili 20 % pšeničnog brašna dodan zobeni prah veličine čestica od 75 i 150 μm. Ispitana su fizikalna svojstva sirovog tijesta i pečenih peciva. Rezultati pokazuju da je tijesto s dodatkom zobenog praha bilo elastičnije od kontrolne skupine. Tijesto s česticama praha veličine 75 μm imalo je vrijednosti modula čuvanja najsličnije onima kontrolne skupine. Dodatak finijeg praha zobenih vlakana nije bitno utjecao na boju peciva. S povećanjem udjela zobenog praha povećala se tvrdoća peciva, i to osobito nakon dodatka finijeg praha. Reološka svojstva i parametri boje peciva s dodatkom finijeg zobenog praha bili su najsličniji kontrolnom uzorku

Factors affecting the choice of therapeutic regimens in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and patient adherence to the therapies prescribed

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are the most common chronic respiratory diseases worldwide. At the moment, there is no information about the preferences of Polish specialists as regards the treatment of asthma and COPD or factors influencing the choice of particular treatment regimens. Aim: To determine the treatment options most commonly used by experienced pulmonologists and allergists for asthma and COPD and to identify the factors affecting the choice of a particular therapy. Material and methods: The survey included 224 doctors (pulmonologists and allergists) across Poland and concerned patients diagnosed with asthma (n = 4358) and COPD (n = 3062). Results: In the case of asthma, the most common therapy applied was inhaled glucocorticosteroids and long-acting \beta2 agonists. According to 27.2% of doctors, combination therapy was used in 70-80% of patients while 23.7% declared that the proportion of patients receiving such a treatment exceeded 80%. In the case of COPD, anticholinergics were most frequently prescribed when inhaled glucocorticosteroids and long-acting \beta2 agonists had proved insufficient. According to 21% of specialists, the percentage of patients treated so was 41-50%, while 19% declared the use of this treatment in 71-80% of patients. Conclusions: The most common treatments for asthma and COPD in Poland are inhaled glucocorticosteroids and long-acting \beta2 agonists. The main factors influencing treatment decisions are the current GINA and GOLD recommendations as well as patients' age, comorbidities, and price of treatment

Reaction with chronic pssychosis to an early childhood trauma : a case study

Autor przedstawia ilustrację dynamiki reakcji na uraz przebyty w okresie przedszkolnym i wczesnoszkolnym owocujący w okresie dorastania przewlekłą psychozą. Artykuł stanowi szczegółowy opis przypadku z diagnostyką różnicową oraz dyskusją.Diagnosis of psychoses created as a reaction to a trauma raise some controversies, especially when it does not concern acute but chronic reactions. In the presentation, a case of delusional chronic psychosis which occurred in connection with the trauma has been described. The trauma occurred in childhood and its course was directly connected with the clinical picture of the disturbance. A full psychiatric and psychological diagnosis as well as a clinical discussion concerning a differential diagnosis of disturbances causes was presented

Myocardial infarction differentially alters sphingolipid levels in plasma, erythrocytes and platelets of the rat

Three bioactive sphingolipids, namely sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), ceramide (CER) and sphingosine (SPH) were shown to be involved in ischemia/reperfusion injury of the heart. S1P is a powerful cardioprotectant, CER activates apoptosis and SPH in a low dose is cardioprotective whereas in a high dose is cardiotoxic. The aim of the present study was to examine effects of experimental myocardial infarction on the level of selected sphingolipids in plasma, erythrocytes and platelets in the rat. Myocardial infarction was produced in male Wistar rats by ligation of the left coronary artery. Blood was taken from the abdominal aorta at 1, 6 and 24 h after the ligation. Plasma, erythrocytes and platelets were isolated and S1P, dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate (DHS1P), SPH, dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and CER were quantified by means of an Agilent 6460 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using positive ion electrospray ionization source with multiple reaction monitoring. The infarction reduced the plasma level of S1P, DHS1P, SPH and DHS but increased the level of total CER. In erythrocytes, there was a sharp elevation in the level of SPH and DHS early after the infarction and a reduction after 24 h whereas the level of S1P, DHS1P and total CER gradually increased. In platelets, the level of each of the examined compounds profoundly decreased 1 and 6 h after the infarction and partially normalized in 24 h. The results obtained clearly show that experimental heart infarction in rats produces deep changes in metabolism of sphingolipids in the plasma, platelets and erythrocytes

Polimorfizm –A162G genu PON1 jako czynnik ryzyka rozwoju sporadycznej postaci stwardnienia bocznego zanikowego

Background and purpose: Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease, which results from complex genetic and environmental interactions. Recent studies have reported an association between several polymorphisms of the PON1 and PON2 genes and risk of sALS. The aim of the present study was to identify an association between the –A162G polymorphism of the promoter region of the human PON1 gene and the risk of sALS in a Polish population. Material and methods: We included 259 patients with a diagnosis of definite or probable sALS (76 bulbar onset, 183 limb onset) and 694 healthy controls matched for age and sex. The diagnosis of ALS was established according to El Escorial criteria. The polymorphism was studied by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis. Results: No overall difference in the PON1 –A162G geno - type and allele distribution was seen between cases and controls (all p > 0.05). There was, however, a difference in the A allele frequency when the bulbar onset group was compared to the controls (p = 0.03), but this significance disappeared after the Bonferroni correction. Conclusions: The results did not show that the –A162G polymorphism of the PON1 gene is a risk factor of sALS in a Polish population; it may affect, however, bulbar onset of the disease

Influence of variability in the amount of inflow wastewater pollution concentration in small sewer system (case study)

The aim of study was the analyze of the impact of hydraulic load on the changes in the concentration of pollution indicators in raw sewage in years 2009-2014 in the small wastewater treatment plant. Qualitative analysis for raw sewage was included three parameters: total suspension solid, BOD and COD. The characteristics relation between the concentration of pollution indicators in raw sewage (depend variable) from the hydraulic load(independent variable) was presented by the Pearson linear correlation. In the 6 year study period were collected 32 samples of raw wastewater. Based on the result of linear regression analysis, showed that along with the increasing amount of wastewater in the sewer decrease the concentration of pollutions in raw wastewater. For total suspension solid, increase by 1 m3 of quantity of raw sewage inflowing to wastewater treatment plant, causes a decrease in the concentration of this indicator by 0,53 g·m-3. For the both organic indicators (BOD and COD), the was found that an increase of 1 m3 the amount of raw sewage inflowing to wastewater treatment plant, caused a decrease of 0,75 gO2·m-3 BOD value and 0,66 gO2·m-3 COD value in raw sewage

Polimorfizm –A162G genu PON1 jako czynnik ryzyka rozwoju sporadycznej postaci stwardnienia bocznego zanikowego

Background and purpose Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease, which results from complex genetic and environmental interactions. Recent studies have reported an association between several polymorphisms of the PON1 and PON2 genes and risk of sALS. The aim of the present study was to identify an association between the – A162G polymorphism of the promoter region of the human PON1 gene and the risk of sALS in a Polish population. Material and methods We included 259 patients with a diagnosis of definite or probable sALS (76 bulbar onset, 183 limb onset) and 694 healthy controls matched for age and sex. The diagnosis of ALS was established according to El Escorial criteria. The polymorphism was studied by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis. Results No overall difference in the PONI – A162G genotype and allele distribution was seen between cases and controls (all p > 0.05). There was, however, a difference in the A allele frequency when the bulbar onset group was compared to the controls (p = 0.03), but this significance disappeared after the Bonferroni correction. Conclusions The results did not show that the – A162G polymorphism of the PON1 gene is a risk factor of sALS in a Polish population; it may affect, however, bulbar onset of the disease.Wstęp i cel pracy Sporadyczna postać stwardnienia bocznego zanikowego (sSLA) jest chorobą zwyrodnieniową układu nerwowego, w której etiopatogenezie kluczową rolę odgrywają interakcje między czynnikami genetycznymi i środowiskowymi. Dotychczasowe badania wskazują na istnienie zależności między polimorfizmami genów PON1 i PON2 a ryzykiem wystąpienia sSLA. Celem pracy było zbadanie, czy istnieje związek między polimorfizmem – A162G miejsca promotorowego genu PON1 a ryzykiem wystąpienia sSLA w populacji polskiej. Materiał i metody Badanie przeprowadzono u 259 chorych, uktórych zgodnie z kryteriami El Escorial rozpoznano pewne lub prawdopodobne SLA (76 osób z postacią opuszkową, 183 osoby z postacią kończynową) oraz u 694 zdrowych ochotników, stanowiących grupę kontrolną dobraną pod względem wieku i płci. Polimorfizm genu PON1 był badany za pomocą reakcji łańcuchowej polimerazy DNA z analizą ilości produktu w czasie rzeczywistym. Wyniki Nie stwierdzono istotnych statystycznie różnic w rozkładzie genotypów i alleli genu PON1 między grupą chorych a grupą kontrolną (p > 0,05). Stwierdzono natomiast różnice w częstości występowania allela A między grupą chorych z postacią opuszkową w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną (p = 0,03), jednak po korekcie Bonferroniego wynik ten nie był już istotny statystycznie. Wnioski Wyniki naszego badania nie wykazały, aby polimorfizm – A162G genu PON1 był czynnikiem ryzyka sSLA w populacji polskiej, jednak sugerują, że może mieć znaczenie dla wystąpienia postaci opuszkowej tej choroby

Biodiversity of bacteriophages: morphological and biological properties of a large group of phages isolated from urban sewage

A large scale analysis presented in this article focuses on biological and physiological variety of bacteriophages. A collection of 83 bacteriophages, isolated from urban sewage and able to propagate in cells of different bacterial hosts, has been obtained (60 infecting Escherichia coli, 10 infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4 infecting Salmonella enterica, 3 infecting Staphylococcus sciuri, and 6 infecting Enterococcus faecalis). High biological diversity of the collection is indicated by its characteristics, both morphological (electron microscopic analyses) and biological (host range, plaque size and morphology, growth at various temperatures, thermal inactivation, sensitivity to low and high pH, sensitivity to osmotic stress, survivability upon treatment with organic solvents and detergents), and further supported by hierarchical cluster analysis. By the end of the research no larger collection of phages from a single environmental source investigated by these means had been found. The finding was confirmed by whole genome analysis of 7 selected bacteriophages. Moreover, particular bacteriophages revealed unusual biological features, like the ability to form plaques at low temperature (4 °C), resist high temperature (62 °C or 95 °C) or survive in the presence of an organic solvents (ethanol, acetone, DMSO, chloroform) or detergent (SDS, CTAB, sarkosyl) making them potentially interesting in the context of biotechnological applications