The red blood cells cytometric characteristics of young fresh-water fish of various families

The morphometric indices of red blood cells of young fish of various species inhabiting coastal zones of the water bodies were studied. The subjects of the research were the fish of four families: Carp (Alburnus alburnus, Carassius gibelio, Rhodeus amarus, Abramis brama, Rutilus rutilus), Needles (Syngnathus abaster nigro lineatus), Centrarchidae (Lepomis gibbosus), Loaches (Cobitis taenia taenia), Gobies (Neogobius fluviatilis). The hydroecological conditions were characterized by an intense oxygen regime, high content of phosphates, and heavy metals (zinc). The fish peripheral blood was taken from the tail vein; smears were made according to the classical Romanowsky-Giemsa method. Our research showed that the red blood cells of young fish belonging to the ecological group of inactive and unpretentious species (Neogobius fluviatilis, Carassius gibelio) had the largest cross-sectional area and a high index of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. The indicators of erythrocyte eccentricity were the highest in the active fish with high energy costs (Alburnus alburnus, Lepomis gibbosus). The largest number of erythrocytes with pathological events (cytolysis, karyolysis, pyknosis, poikilocytosis) was observed in the young Alburnus alburnus (14%), and the smallest one in Rhodeus amarus and  Lepomis gibbosus (2–4%). In the individuals of Syngnathus abaster nigro lineatus affected by parasitic nematodes of the genus Ascaris, the number of erythrocytes with pathologies increased to 81%. Under the toxic load, destabilization of the fish circulatory system begins with the appearance of the young forms of erythrocytes as compensation for depleted mature erythrocytes and ends with the mass destruction of mature erythrocytes. Given these patterns, as well as the relatively low number of young ballast forms of erythrocytes and mature erythrocytes with pathological features, we can assume that the state of the red blood cells in the studied young fishes meets the conditional norm, with the exception of the blood of Syngnathus abaster nigro lineatus infected with parasites. In our opinion, the main characteristics of the fish red blood that reflect the fishes’ adaptive capacities are as follows:  eccentricity ratio of erythrocytes, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, ratio of the young ballast forms of erythrocytes, and the relative number of erythrocytes with pathology

REVIEW OF METHODS AND RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF STEEL AND STEEL CONCRETE STRUCTURES UNDER SPECIAL IMPACT

The modern experimental studies review of the resistance of the most common steel and steel-concrete building structures in emergency conditions is performed. The main directions of experimental design are revealed under certain types of special influences that affect the mechanical safety of structures. An overview of the experimental studies of steel and steelconcrete lamellar-structural elements survivability in local damage to columns, described in the modern scientific literature is presented. Tests of lamellar and light steel thin-walled structures on the effect of cyclic loading are described. Data on the limit static loads of beams and spatial frame systems are given. Attention to testing of structures for combined impact and explosive effects is paid. Photos and diagrams of laboratory samples and objects are given. As a result of the review, a conclusion is made about the prospects for further studies of the survivability of steel structures under emergency actions. It is noted, that now there is a need to expand the nomenclature of standardized types of emergency actions. That will allow to more effectively carrying out a complex of preventive measures that let us to increase the mechanical safety of structures and minimize potential risks of material and social losses in the event of emergencies

Method for Calculating the Residual Resource of Fog Node Elements of Distributed Information Systems of Critical Infrastructure Facilities

The paper considers the process of predicting the residual technical resource of elements (devices) of information and communication systems, which are components of fog computing. The analysis of the influence of the technical state of the elements of fog nodes on the functioning of distributed information systems is carried out. A method for calculating the residual resource of fog nodes has been developed, which is advisable to use for planning the modernization of fog nodes and in the process of calculating the fault tolerance of the entire distributed infrastructure

Relations between physical and chemical properties of melanine pigments in wood decaying fungi and their antioxidant activity

The authors acknowledge the work support by RFBR, Russia (Project № 19-516-45006) and DST, India (INT/RUS/RFBR/363) and the Ural Federal University Competitiveness Enhancement Program, Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation (сontract № 02.A03.21.0006)

Biologically Active Substances in Fruit Bodies of Wood Decomposing Fungi

The relative content of biologically active substances in the extracts of wood decaying fungi was studied using GC-MS. The results showed that the real tinder (Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr.) contains up to 18% fatty acids, 51.6% steroids and 8.35% triterpene compounds. The nest fungus (Hapalopilus nidulans (Fr.) P. Karst.) contains 32.7% of fatty acids, 9.8% of steroid substances and 27.0% of tetracyclic triterpenoids. Chaga (Inonotus obliguus (Ach. ex. Pers.) Pilat) is characterized by the presence of 14% fatty acids, 11.6% of which are unsaturated; 2.4% of ergosterol, and 30% of betulin. A distinctive feature of the extract from the birch sponge (Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst.) is the presence of 67.9% arabitol, and the absence of steroid and triterpene compounds. Bordered tinder fungus (Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst.), causing brown rot of wood, contains 30.15% ergosterol, which is a provitamin form of vitamin D2. The tinder fungus extract (Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden) contains 67.8% fatty acids, of which 50.0% are unsaturated fatty acids. The extract from the humpback tinder fungus (Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr.) contains 34.9% fatty acids, 9.76% steroids, and 27.06% terpenoid compounds. © 2022 Author(s)

Automation of Data Management Processes in Cloud Storage

In the modern world, with the development of informational, scientific, and technical resources, data volumes are rapidly increasing. Cloud services become critically important for supporting and optimizing the management of large amounts of data. With the advancement of technologies, there is a need to enhance methods of managing vast amounts of information. Modern requirements for efficiency and security pose a challenge to business sectors, and it is precisely here that the automation of processes in cloud services becomes key to achieving a high level of functionality and protection. In this article, we will explore the importance of process automation in cloud services, how these technologies contribute to optimizing data management, and ensure security in processing a large volume of information

Biologically active substances in fruit bodies of wood decomposing fungi

The authors acknowledge the work support by RFBR, Russia (Project № 19-516-45006) and DST, India (INT/RUS/RFBR/363) and the Ural Federal University Competitiveness Enhancement Program, Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation (сontract № 02.A03.21.0006)

The use of complex treatment of corn seeds with oligochitosan and melanin to stimulate growth processes

Pre-sowing treatment of seeds of hybrid Polesskiy 185 with aqueous solutions of oligochitosan (OX) with molecular weight (MW) 28.6 kDa, melanin from chaga, and their complex was used to stimulate the growth processes of corn in laboratory experiments. Treatment of seeds with oligochitosan solutions with concentrations: 0.0005%, 0.001%, 0.005%, 0.01% stimulated an increase in the mass of seedlings and root growth. Melanin also stimulates growth processes. Complex treatment of corn seeds with oligochitosan in combination with melanin has the maximum stimulating effect on the morphometric parameters of seedlings. Stimulation of the growth processes of corn seedlings under the influence of the studied substances is associated with an increase in the synthesis of steroid phytohormones. © 2021 Author(s)

Антиоксидантная активность и химический состав экстрактов ксилотрофных грибов Среднего Урала, произрастающих на березе

The search for new natural sources of biologically active substances is a major issue in pharmaceutical industry. Xylotrophic basidiomycetes are common in forests worldwide, but as a prospective raw source of biologically active compounds they have not been studied as extensively as plants and other groups of fungi. The study is aimed to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from 10 species of tinder fungi growing on birch and common in the forests in Russia. The chaga muchroom (Inonotus obliquus), traditionally used in medicine, was chosen as a standard species. Extracts from fruiting bodies were obtained with water or 95 % ethanol. They contained 4 to 8 types of free amino acids including 2 to 6 essential ones. Perennial basidiocarps were shown to be richer in phenolic compounds and poorer in amino acids than annual ones. Alkaloids and saponins were found in perennial basidiocarps of two species, saponins were also found in annual basidiocarps of one species. Water and alcohol extracts differed in composition and concentration of extractives, and showed different antioxidant (inhibition of lipid peroxidation) and antiradical (ABTS-test, inhibition of NO production) activity. This way it was shown that the nature of the solvent extraction agent is important for the manifestation of biological activity. In most tests, water extracts from chaga showed better antioxidant properties; extracts from Piptoporus betulinus and Fomitopsis pinicola were also effective as antioxidants, which may be promising avenues for future research. © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved.Acknowledgements. The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Project No. FEUZ-2021–0014