Lysophosphatidic acid LPA1 and LPA3 receptors play roles in the maintenance of late tissue plasminogen activator-induced central poststroke pain in mice

We developed a mouse model for central post-stroke pain (CPSP), a centrally-originated neuropathic pain (NeuP). In this mode, mice were first injected with Rose Bengal, followed by photo-irradiation of left middlecerebral artery (MCA) to generate thrombosis. Although the MCA thrombosis was soon dissolved, the reducedblood flow remained for more than 24 h due to subsequent occlusion of microvessels. This photochemicallyinduced thrombosis (PIT) model showed a hypersensitivity to the electrical stimulation of both sides of paw, butdid not show any abnormal pain in popular thermal or mechanical nociception tests. When tissue-type plas-minogen activator (tPA) was injected 6h after the PIT stress, tPA-dependent hypersensitivity to the electricalpaw stimulation and stable thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia on both sides for more than 17 or 18 days afterthe PIT treatment. These hyperalgesic effects were abolished in lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1)- andlysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 (LPA3)-deficient mice. When Ki-16425, an LPA1and LPA3antagonist wastreated twice daily for 6days consecutively, the thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia at day 17 and 18 weresignificantly reversed. The liquid chromatography?mass spectrometry (LC?MS/MS) analysis revealed that thereis a significant increase in several species of LPA molecules in somatosensory S-I and medial dorsal thalamus (MD), but not in striatum or ventroposterior thalamus. All these results suggest that LPA1and LPA3signalingplay key roles in the development and maintenance of CPSP

Nonzero-sum Stochastic Games

This paper treats of stochastic games. We focus on nonzero-sum games and provide a detailed survey of selected recent results. In Section 1, we consider stochastic Markov games. A correlation of strategies of the players, involving ``public signals'', is described, and a correlated equilibrium theorem proved recently by Nowak and Raghavan for discounted stochastic games with general state space is presented. We also report an extension of this result to a class of undiscounted stochastic games, satisfying some uniform ergodicity condition. Stopping games are related to stochastic Markov games. In Section 2, we describe a version of Dynkin's game related to observation of a Markov process with random assignment mechanism of states to the players. Some recent contributions of the second author in this area are reported. The paper also contains a brief overview of the theory of nonzero-sum stochastic games and stopping games which is very far from being complete

Dosimetry of therapeutic carbon beam and its fragments with CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors

The carbon beam (Z=6), produce the projectile fragments with lower nuclear charges from proton (Z=1) to boron (Z=5). The longer range of them compared with primary carbon beam would make unexpected exposure beyond the tumor volume. The dosimetric evaluation of secondary neutrons is, therefore, important from the viewpoint of radiation protection for the patients. We have measured the LET spectra and dose of 290 MeV/n carbon beams for MONO and 6cm-SOBP (Spread-Out Bragg-Peak) and their fragments along the Bragg-curves in water by means of CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors at NIRS-HIMAC. These data would be helpful for the understanding of possible radiation risks to patients.The 15th International Congress of Radiation Research (ICRR2015

Dosimetry of therapeutic carbon beam and its fragments with CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors

The carbon beam (Z=6), produce the projectile fragments with lower nuclear charges from proton (Z=1) to boron (Z=5). The longer range of them compared with primary carbon beam would make unexpected exposure beyond the tumor volume. The dosimetric evaluation of secondary neutrons is, therefore, important from the viewpoint of radiation protection for the patients. We have measured the LET spectra and dose of 290 MeV/n carbon beams for MONO and 6cm-SOBP (Spread-Out Bragg-Peak) and their fragments along the Bragg-curves in water by means of CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors at NIRS-HIMAC. These data would be helpful for the understanding of possible radiation risks to patients.The 15th International Congress of Radiation Research (ICRR2015

On the use of CR-39 PNTD with AFM analysis in measuring proton-induced target fragmentation particles

In addition to energy loss by ionization process, protons of energy >similar to 50 MeV, such as those used in proton radiotherapy, can undergo nuclear interactions with nuclei of Z > 1, resulting in the production, of short range (<20 gm), high-LET (linear energy transfer) target fragment particles. One of the few methods to detect these short-range particles is by means of CR-39 plastic nuclear track detector (PNTD) analyzed with an atomic force microscope (AFM). However, due to the LET-dependent angular sensitivity of CR-39 PNTD, multiple detectors exposed at a range of incident angles to the primary proton beam, must be analyzed in order to accurately determine the LET spectrum, absorbed dose and dose equivalent. The LET spectrum of 160 MeV proton-induced secondary particles was experimentally measured with CR-39 PNTDs, which were exposed at six different incident angles to take into account the intrinsic sensitivity of the critical angle for track registration. The irradiated detectors were chemically processed to remove a 1 gm thick volume of CR-39 PNTD. The measured LET range of short range tracks was from 15 key/mu m up to 1.5 MeV/mu m. The absorbed dose contribution (D-s/D-p) from secondary particles to primary proton dose was similar to 1%, while the dose equivalent contribution (H-s/D-p) was found to be similar to 20%. Analysis of CR-39 PNTD by AFM yielded similar to 60% higher value for absorbed dose compared to standard optical microscopy analysis

Dual-energy computed tomography has limited sensitivity for non-tophaceous gout: A comparison study with tophaceous gout

10.1186/s12891-016-0943-9BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders1719