Higher educational institutions of Russia as a subject of economic activity: Innovations and their legal support

© 2017, ASERS Publishing House. All rights reserved.The article discusses various approaches to the definition of innovation. It is shown that at the present stage, there are economic and legal analysis of innovations and innovative development. The concepts of ‘innovation’, ‘innovation activity’ today are adopted by many international organizations, the European Union institutions, but at the international level, they still do not have a regulatory fix. It is shown that classification of innovations may be different depending on the criteria that form its basis (basic and improving innovation; customized and original innovation; open or closed (i.e. know-how) innovation; industry, intra-sectoral, and inter-state innovations; local or widespread innovation; identified innovations at its own expense, at the expense of the state budget, and at the expense of foreign investors). Authors analyze a possible variety of forms of cooperation between business entities and universities, as well as provide a review on legal support of this type of linkages. It is shown that Russia has a considerable experience in regulating the innovation activity. The first legal document is considered to be manifest on June 17, 1812 ‘On privileges for various inventions and discoveries in the arts and crafts’. The study revealed the rising role of higher education institutions in the innovative development in the Russian Federation

Higher educational institutions of Russia as a subject of economic activity: Innovations and their legal support

© 2017, ASERS Publishing House. All rights reserved.The article discusses various approaches to the definition of innovation. It is shown that at the present stage, there are economic and legal analysis of innovations and innovative development. The concepts of ‘innovation’, ‘innovation activity’ today are adopted by many international organizations, the European Union institutions, but at the international level, they still do not have a regulatory fix. It is shown that classification of innovations may be different depending on the criteria that form its basis (basic and improving innovation; customized and original innovation; open or closed (i.e. know-how) innovation; industry, intra-sectoral, and inter-state innovations; local or widespread innovation; identified innovations at its own expense, at the expense of the state budget, and at the expense of foreign investors). Authors analyze a possible variety of forms of cooperation between business entities and universities, as well as provide a review on legal support of this type of linkages. It is shown that Russia has a considerable experience in regulating the innovation activity. The first legal document is considered to be manifest on June 17, 1812 ‘On privileges for various inventions and discoveries in the arts and crafts’. The study revealed the rising role of higher education institutions in the innovative development in the Russian Federation

Higher educational institutions of Russia as a subject of economic activity: Innovations and their legal support

© 2017, ASERS Publishing House. All rights reserved.The article discusses various approaches to the definition of innovation. It is shown that at the present stage, there are economic and legal analysis of innovations and innovative development. The concepts of ‘innovation’, ‘innovation activity’ today are adopted by many international organizations, the European Union institutions, but at the international level, they still do not have a regulatory fix. It is shown that classification of innovations may be different depending on the criteria that form its basis (basic and improving innovation; customized and original innovation; open or closed (i.e. know-how) innovation; industry, intra-sectoral, and inter-state innovations; local or widespread innovation; identified innovations at its own expense, at the expense of the state budget, and at the expense of foreign investors). Authors analyze a possible variety of forms of cooperation between business entities and universities, as well as provide a review on legal support of this type of linkages. It is shown that Russia has a considerable experience in regulating the innovation activity. The first legal document is considered to be manifest on June 17, 1812 ‘On privileges for various inventions and discoveries in the arts and crafts’. The study revealed the rising role of higher education institutions in the innovative development in the Russian Federation

Higher educational institutions of Russia as a subject of economic activity: Innovations and their legal support

© 2017, ASERS Publishing House. All rights reserved.The article discusses various approaches to the definition of innovation. It is shown that at the present stage, there are economic and legal analysis of innovations and innovative development. The concepts of ‘innovation’, ‘innovation activity’ today are adopted by many international organizations, the European Union institutions, but at the international level, they still do not have a regulatory fix. It is shown that classification of innovations may be different depending on the criteria that form its basis (basic and improving innovation; customized and original innovation; open or closed (i.e. know-how) innovation; industry, intra-sectoral, and inter-state innovations; local or widespread innovation; identified innovations at its own expense, at the expense of the state budget, and at the expense of foreign investors). Authors analyze a possible variety of forms of cooperation between business entities and universities, as well as provide a review on legal support of this type of linkages. It is shown that Russia has a considerable experience in regulating the innovation activity. The first legal document is considered to be manifest on June 17, 1812 ‘On privileges for various inventions and discoveries in the arts and crafts’. The study revealed the rising role of higher education institutions in the innovative development in the Russian Federation

Biological Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Ex Vivo Expansion

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been widely used in different areas of medicine because of their immunosupressive properties and influence on regeneration of the damaged tissues. The objective of this study was to examine the kinetics of growth (MSC from 4-3 passages had significantly higher proliferative activity compared with cultures of 10-12 passages), changes in immunophenotypic characteristics of human MSC in early (3-4) and late (10-12) passages when cultured in vitro as well as study of genetic stability. In the analyzed cultures of MSC was found normal karyotype (46, XY or 46, XX). In most of cultures studied MSC karyotype and the level of aneuploidy remained unchanged even after prolonged culturing. The author's experience of ex vivo expansion of MSC using both standard medium DMEM with the supplementation of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and serum-free medium MesenCult MSC Basal Medium (Human) (StemCell technologies Inc.) with addition of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Stimulatory Supplements (Human) is presented. The influence of the type of medium on the growth and immunophenotype of MSC is analyzed. The study found that when cultured in serum-free medium proliferative potential of MSCs was lower

Numerical Simulation of Enhancement of Superficial Tumor Laser Hyperthermia with Silicon Nanoparticles

Biodegradable and low-toxic silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) have potential in different biomedical applications. Previous experimental studies revealed the efficiency of some types of SiNPs in tumor hyperthermia. To analyse the feasibility of employing SiNPs produced by the laser ablation of silicon nanowire arrays in water and ethanol as agents for laser tumor hyperthermia, we numerically simulated effects of heating a millimeter-size nodal basal-cell carcinoma with embedded nanoparticles by continuous-wave laser radiation at 633 nm. Based on scanning electron microscopy data for the synthesized SiNPs size distributions, we used Mie theory to calculate their optical properties and carried out Monte Carlo simulations of light absorption inside the tumor, with and without the embedded nanoparticles, followed by an evaluation of local temperature increase based on the bioheat transfer equation. Given the same mass concentration, SiNPs obtained by the laser ablation of silicon nanowires in ethanol (eSiNPs) are characterized by smaller absorption and scattering coefficients compared to those synthesized in water (wSiNPs). In contrast, wSiNPs embedded in the tumor provide a lower overall temperature increase than eSiNPs due to the effect of shielding the laser irradiation by the highly absorbing wSiNPs-containing region at the top of the tumor. Effective tumor hyperthermia (temperature increase above 42 °C) can be performed with eSiNPs at nanoparticle mass concentrations of 3 mg/mL and higher, provided that the neighboring healthy tissues remain underheated at the applied irradiation power. The use of a laser beam with the diameter fitting the size of the tumor allows to obtain a higher temperature contrast between the tumor and surrounding normal tissues compared to the case when the beam diameter exceeds the tumor size at the comparable power

The hadron calorimeter design and construction

The design of the LI-ICb Hadron Calorimeter is being described in this note. An internal structure consisting of thin iron plates interspaced with scintillating tiles have been chosen. The IICAL consists of two symmetric movable parts getting in touch in operation position without non-instrumented zones. The Iateral dimensions of the I-ICAL active area is of X=8.4 m in width, Y=6.8 m in height, and is distanced from the interaction point, at, Z=13.33 m. Both halfs are assembled from stacked up modules. Each half of about 245 tonn is located on the separate platform. Attention is paid to the strength analysis of the module as a basic assembling unit. Different phases are being discussed: the iron plates glueing, the submodtile and module construction, the scintillating tiles and fibers preparation for insertion, the pre-installation test and calibration. The documentation incorporates a set of tools needed for detector assembly. In the summary the construction rate is estimated

ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕОГРАФИЯ ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ ПОЧКИ У ДЕТЕЙ В РОССИИ

The article is dedicated to one of the most difficult issues of world pediatrics – kidney transplantation. It displays the register of transplantations in children conducted at 2 leading Moscow clinics in this sphere of medicine. The article presents the authors’ experience of kidney transplantation, data on transplant survivability and discussion of the long-term results obtained in children from Moscow and other regions of the Russian Federation.Статья посвящена одной из самых сложных проблем мировой педиатрии — трансплантации почки. Показан регистр трансплантаций у детей, выполненных в 2 клиниках Москвы — ведущих в данной области медицины. Авторы представляют собственный опыт пересадки почки, данные по выживаемости трансплантата и обсуждают полученные отдаленные результаты у детей, проживающих в Москве и других регионах Российской Федерации