11 research outputs found
Mikotoksyny w d艂ugo przechowywanym ziarnie zb贸偶 z upraw ekologicznych
Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is a big problem, also with regard to cereal products from organic farming. For that reason screening of mycotoxins occurrence in cereal grains from organic farming after prolonged storage was performed. The work presents monitoring of the contamination of organic spring wheat, spelt, oat, rye and spring barley harvested in 2017, by the most important mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), ochratoxin A (OTA), sum of aflatoxins (AFL) and the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins after nine months of grain storage in different storage systems. Content of mycotoxins was defined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA. Concentration of mycotoxins was very diverse and high in relation to OTA in spring barley and rye and in relation to Fusarium toxins (DON, ZEA, T-2/H-T2) despite low moisture of the grains (below 15%). Among analyzed cereals samples, rye was the grain that was the most frequently contaminated with all kinds of mycotoxins.Zanieczyszczenie 偶ywno艣ci i pasz mikotoksynami stanowi du偶y problem, r贸wnie偶 w odniesieniu do produkt贸w zbo偶owych pochodz膮cych z rolnictwa ekologicznego. Z tego powodu przeprowadzono monitoring wyst臋powania mikotoksyn w ziarnie zb贸偶 z upraw ekologicznych po d艂u偶szym okresie jego przechowywania. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki oznacze艅 pi臋ciu najwa偶niejszych mikotoksyn: deoksyniwalenolu (DON), zearalenonu (ZEA), ochratoksyny A (OTA), sumy aflatoksyn (AFL) oraz sumy toksyn T-2 i HT- 2 w pszenicy jarej, orkiszu, owsie, 偶ycie i j臋czmieniu jarym po dziewi臋ciu miesi膮cach przechowywania ziarna w r贸偶nych systemach magazynowych. Zawarto艣膰 mikotoksyn zosta艂a okre艣lona za pomoc膮 testu immunoenzymatycznego ELISA. St臋偶enie mikotoksyn by艂o bardzo zr贸偶nicowane i wysokie w odniesieniu do ochratoksyny A w j臋czmienu jarym i 偶ycie oraz w odniesieniu do toksyn fuzaryjnych (DON, ZEA, T-2/HT-2), pomimo niskiej wilgotno艣ci sk艂adowanego ziarna (poni偶ej 15%). Spo艣r贸d przebadanych zb贸偶, pr贸bki 偶yta by艂y najbardziej zanieczyszczone wszystkimi oznaczanymi mikotoksynami
Effect of enzyme preparation on the kinetics of biogas production from miscanthus giganteus (Miscantlius x giganteus J.M. Greef & M. Deuter)
Celem pracy by艂o okre艣lenie wp艂ywu preparatu enzymatycznego na kinetyk臋 produkcji biogazu z zakiszonego miskanta olbrzymiego. Kiszonki sporz膮dzone z udzia艂em ksylanazy charakteryzowa艂y si臋 wi臋ksz膮 zawarto艣ci膮 kwasu octowego ni偶 kiszonki kontrolne. Nie zaobserwowano istotnie wi臋kszej produkcji biogazu z kiszonek sporz膮dzonych z enzymem w por贸wnaniu do kiszonek kontrolnych. W przypadku kiszonek sporz膮dzonych z enzymem zwi臋kszeniu uleg艂a maksymalna dzienna produkcja biogazu, a skr贸ceniu lag faza. 90% biogazu z kiszonek sporz膮dzonych z enzymem uzyskano w czasie o po艂ow臋 kr贸tszym w por贸wnaniu do fermentacji kiszonek kontrolnych.The aim of this study was to determine the influence of enzyme preparation on the kinetics of biogas production from miscanthus giganteus. Silages prepared with xylanase were characterized by the higher acetic acid content than control silages. There was no significant increase in the biogas production from silages prepared with enzyme compared to control silages. In the case of silages prepared with enzyme, the maximum daily production of biogas was increased and the lag phase was shortened. From silages treated with enzyme 90% of biogas was obtained in half the time compared to the methane fermentation of control silages
Wp艂yw mikrobiologicznych dodatk贸w kiszonkarskich na produkcj臋 biogazu z traw wieloletnich
The effect of two different microbial additives on perennial energy grasses - switchgrass and big bluestem - was tested regarding the general silage quality and the biogas production from ensiled biomass. Biomass was harvested at the end of June 2013 and ensilaged with or without silage additives comprising different lactic acid bacteria strains. Methane fermentation of experimental silages was carried out at 39掳C for at least 30 days. During ensiling process the content of structural polisaccharides was reduced. The effect of additives on the chemical composition of perennial grass silages was varied depending on the species of grass. Regardless of the additives, in all silages higher amount of acetic acid (methane precursor) than lactic acid was detected. The highest biogas production was obtained from switchgrass silages treated with 11CH4 additive and big bluestem silages treated with Lactosil additive. The increase was compared to the lowest lignine content in these silages.Badano wp艂yw mikrobiologicznych dodatk贸w kiszonkarskich na jako艣膰 kiszonek i produkcj臋 biogazu z traw wieloletnich - prosa r贸zgowatego i palczatki Gerarda. Biomasa zebrana zosta艂a pod koniec czerwca 2013 r. i zakiszona bez oraz z dodatkiem dw贸ch preparat贸w zawieraj膮cych r贸偶ne szczepy bakterii fermentacji mlekowej. Fermentacj臋 metanow膮 kiszonek przeprowadzono w temperaturze 39掳C przez co najmniej 30 dni. W wyniku kiszenia zmniejszy艂a si臋 w biomasie zawarto艣膰 polisacharyd贸w strukturalnych. Wp艂yw dodatk贸w na sk艂ad chemiczny kiszonek by艂 zr贸偶nicowany w zale偶no艣ci od gatunku trawy. Niezale偶nie od dodatk贸w we wszystkich kiszonkach wi臋ksza by艂a zawarto艣膰 kwasu octowego (prekursora metanu) ni偶 mlekowego. Istotnie wi臋cej biogazu otrzymano z kiszonek z prosa z dodatkiem preparatu 11CH4 oraz z kiszonek z palczatki sporz膮dzonych z dodatkiem preparatu Lactosil, czyli z kiszonek, w kt贸rych oznaczono mniejsz膮 zawarto艣膰 ligniny w stosunku do kontroli
Efektywno艣膰 produkcji biogazu z traw wieloletnich C3 (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) i C4 (Spartina pectinata L.)
The aim of the study was to evaluate of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. spec. Rahela (Tall fescue) and Spartina pectinata L. suitability for biogas production. Biomass of investigated C3 and C4 grasses was grown in Experimental Station of Warsaw University of Life Sciences in Skierniewice, harvested on the 30th of June 2014 and ensilaged. Methane fermentation of experimental silages was carried out under mesophilic conditions (39掳C) for at least 21 days. Fresh biomass of spartina contained higher amount of volatile solids, crude fiber and higher ratio of C/N compared to fescue biomass. Both grasses were susceptible to ensiling. Obtained silages were in good quality, secondary fermentation process was not detected. Silages from spartina contained much higher amount of acetic acid than lactic acid. After methane fermentation of silages prepared from spartina and fescue 734,1 卤 34,33 m3 路 t-1dm and 722,7 卤 52,52 m3 路 t-1dm of biogas with 55% of methane content was obtained respectively and differences were not significant (p >0,05). Taking into account higher biomass yield of spartina than fescue, examined C4 grass seems to be more suitable alternative source for biomethane production.Celem pracy by艂a ocena przydatno艣ci wieloletnich traw o typie fotosyntezy C3 - kostrzewy trzcinowej (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., odmiana Rahela) i C4 - spartiny preriowej (Spartina pectinata L.) do produkcji biogazu. Biomasa traw zebrana zosta艂a 30 czerwca 2014 roku z pola do艣wiadczalnego w Skierniewicach, nale偶膮cego do Katedry Fizjologii Ro艣lin Wydzia艂u Rolnictwa i Biologii Szko艂y G艂贸wnej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Po rozdrobnieniu biomas臋 zakiszono, a nast臋pnie poddano mezofilnej fermentacji metanowej (w temp. 39掳C przez co najmniej 21 dni). Biomasa spartiny charakteryzowa艂a si臋 wy偶szym plonem suchej masy, wy偶sz膮 zawarto艣ci膮 suchej masy organicznej, w艂贸kna surowego oraz wy偶szym stosunkiem w臋gla do azotu w por贸wnaniu do kostrzewy. Obie trawy by艂y podatne na zakiszanie, uzyskane kiszonki by艂y dobrej jako艣ci bez oznak wt贸rnej fermentacji. Kiszonki ze spartiny charakteryzowa艂y si臋 znacznie wi臋ksz膮 zawarto艣ci膮 kwasu octowego ni偶 mlekowego. Z kiszonki ze spartiny otrzymano 734,1 卤 34,33 m3 路 t-1 sm, a z kiszonki z kostrzewy 722,7 卤 52,52 m3 路 t-1 sm biogazu o zawarto艣ci metanu 艣rednio 55%. R贸偶nice w uzysku biogazu z badanych traw nie by艂y istotne statystycznie (p>0,05). Bior膮c pod uwag臋 wy偶szy plon biomasy spartiny ni偶 kostrzewy stwierdzono, 偶e wi臋ksz膮 przydatno艣膰 jako alternatywne 藕r贸d艂o biometanu stanowi biomasa ze spartiny preriowej
Influence of lactic acid bacteria starter cultures on ochratoxin A contamination of maize grain ensilages
Ziarno kukurydzy stanowi warto艣ciow膮 pasz臋, jednak偶e jego cz臋ste zanieczyszczenie ochratoksyn膮 A stwarza zagro偶enie dla
zdrowia 偶ywionych nim zwierz膮t, szczeg贸lnie trzody chlewnej. Zbadano wp艂yw synergicznego dzia艂ania wybranych szczep贸w
bakterii fermentacji mlekowej na ska偶enie ochratoksyn膮 A kiszonek z ca艂ego ziarna kukurydzy. Wykonano kiszonk臋 bez
i z dodatkiem badanych szczep贸w bakterii fermentacji mlekowej. W kiszonce z dodatkiem preparatu bakteryjnego zawarto艣膰
ochratoksyny A by艂a o 75% ni偶sza ni偶 w surowym ziarnie oraz istotnie ni偶sza ni偶 w kiszonce kontrolnej.Maize grain is a valuable fodder but often contaminated with ochratoxin A, which makes it dangerous for animals, especially
for pigs. The influence of synergistic activities of selected lactic acid bacteria strains on ochratoxin A contamination
of maize grain silage was evaluated. Ensilages with and without examined strains of lactic acid bacteria were made. The
content of ochratoxin A was 75% lower in the ensilage treated with bacteria than in fresh grain and significantly lower than
in the control ensilage
Elimination of ochratoxin A by lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from chickens and their probiotic characteristics
The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of lactic acid bacteria strains, isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, to eliminate ochratoxin A (OTA) in vitro and to investigate whether the mechanism of OTA reduction is adsorption or hydrolysis. The probiotic characteristics of the strains, such as their growth performance and synthesis of lactic acid at 42掳C, inhibition of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia spp. growth and susceptibility to antibiotics, was also evaluated. Ochratoxin A reductions in MRS broth depended on the tested strain and ranged from 1% to 29%. The level of OTA reduction was higher at 30掳C than at 37 and 42掳C and there were no significance differences between OTA reduction obtained with live and heat-treated bacteria cells. The evaluation of probiotic characteristics showed that Pediococcus acidilactici KKP 879 was the strain with more potential to develop a probiotic culture for chickens
The effect of silage additive on the kinetics of biogas production from lignocellulosic perennial crops
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of silage additive containing heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain of Lactobacillus buchneri species on ensiling quality, as well as methane yield and the kinetics of biogas production from ensiled perennial energy grasses: Miscanthus 脳 giganteus (miscanthus), Spartina pectinata (cordgrass), Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) and Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem). The listed plants are not commonly used for biogas production, their susceptibility to ensiling is also little known, hence the need to investigate their suitability for these processes. Effective methods for increasing the biogas yield from biomass are still demand, hence the research on the use of LAB for this purpose. After harvesting the grasses were cut and ensiled in barrels with and without (controls) the usage of commercial silage inoculant containing Lactobacillus buchneri LN40177. After 90 days of ensiling obtained silages were analysed in order to compare their chemical composition: organic acids content, the loss of dry matter, the differences in particular fibres composition. The silages were then subjected to methane fermentation using OxiTop庐 sensors and exposed to air in order to check their aerobic stability. The silages prepared with LAB additive had higher concentration of acetic acid than the control silages prepared without LAB addition, which contributed to increased aerobic stability but had no effect on the methane yield of miscanthus, switchgrass and big bluestem. Using the microbial inoculant during ensiling had beneficial effect in terms of reducing the duration of biogas production process from obtained silages: lag phase was shortened, daily biogas production rate was increased and 90% of biogas was produced in a shorter period of time compared to the control silages from investigated grasses. The modified Gompertz model well reflected the kinetics of biogas production process
Efficacy and safety assessment of microbiological feed additive for chicken broilers in tolerance studies
One aim of the study was to evaluate the impact when added to feed of the two potentially probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum K KKP 593/p and Lactobacillus rhamnosus KKP 825 on production performance, health, and the composition of gut microbiota. The complementary aim was to assess the safety of these strains in broiler rearing
Valuation of potentially pathogenic bacteria presence in silages from meadow sward
Ru艅 艂膮kowa i wyprodukowane z niej kiszonki s膮 warto艣ciowymi paszami obj臋to艣ciowym do stosowania w ca艂orocznym 偶ywieniu byd艂a mi臋snego i mlecznego. W gospodarstwach ekologicznych, w kt贸rych do nawo偶enia 艂膮k i odrastaj膮cej runi stosowane s膮 cz臋sto nieprzefermentowane p艂ynne nawozy naturalne, istnieje realne zagro偶enie ska偶enia zielonek, a w nast臋pstwie kiszonek bakteriami fekalnymi - potencjalnie chorobotw贸rczymi. Celem bada艅 by艂a ocena stopnia ska偶enia patogenami kiszonek z runi 艂膮kowej pochodz膮cej z u偶ytk贸w zielonych intensywnie nawo偶onych gnoj贸wk膮 i gnojowic膮 oraz okre艣lenie wp艂ywu dzia艂ania preparatu bakteryjno-mineralno-witaminowego na obni偶enie lub wyeliminowanie bakterii z rodzaju Salmonella, bakterii z grupy coli i Escherichia coli w procesie stymulowanej fermentacji mlekowej. W kiszonkach bez dodatku preparatu sporz膮dzonych z runi 艂膮kowej pochodz膮cej z u偶ytk贸w zielonych nawo偶onych gnoj贸wk膮 na wiosn臋 i nast臋pnie na odrastaj膮ce ro艣liny oraz nawo偶onych gnojowic膮 wykryto obecno艣膰 bakterii z rodzaju Salmonella i bakterii Escherichia coli oraz wysok膮 liczb臋 bakterii z grupy coli. Kiszonki do艣wiadczalne wytworzone z dodatkiem preparatu charakteryzowa艂y si臋 wysok膮 czysto艣ci膮 mikrobiologiczn膮, nie stwierdzono w nich obecno艣ci bakterii z rodzaju Salmonella, natomiast liczba bakterii z grupy coli i bakterii Escherichia coli by艂a oko艂o 100-krotnie ni偶sza, w stosunku do zawartej w kiszonkach bez jego dodatku. W efekcie dzia艂ania preparatu bakteryjno-mineralno-witaminowego nastapi艂o zahamowanie rozwoju bakterii patogennych. Kiszonki z preparatem charakteryzowa艂y si臋 wysok膮 jako艣ci膮 chemiczn膮 i mikrobiologiczn膮.Meadow sward and silages made from it can be valuable roughages for whole-year feeding of beef cattle and dairy cattle. In organic farming, in which meadow and grown back sward are fertilized with often not totally fermented liquid manure, there is a real risk of forage and silage contamination with faecal bacteria, which are potentially pathogenic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of contamination with pathogens in silages from meadow sward derived from grasslands intensively fertilized with manure and liquid manure to determine the effect of the bacterial-mineral-vitamin preparation to reduce or eliminate the bacteria of the genus Salmonella, coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in the process of stimulated lactic acid fermentation. There were detected bacteria Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli accompanied with a high number of coliform bacteria in the silages prepared without the addition of the preparation and made from meadow sward from forage fertilized with slurry in the spring and then fertilized when it grew back. The experimental silages made with addition of the bacterial preparation were characterized by a high microbiological quality and there were not present any bacteria of the genus Salmonella, while the number of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli was approximately 100-fold lower in comparison with the silages prepared without the additive. As a result of the bacterial-mineral-vitamin preparation addition to the silage a slowdown in growth of pathogenic bacteria was achieved. Silages made with the addition of preparation were characterized by a high chemical and microbiological quality